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Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

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1
Q

which nerve components spinal or cranial mix into combined nerves

A

the spinal combine (cranial always stay separate)

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2
Q

Is the dorsal root sensory or motor nerves

A

sensory

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3
Q

what comes out of the pterygoid canal

A

Vidian nerve (CN 7 parasympathetics- greater petrosal nerve and sympathetics- deep petrosal nerve)

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4
Q

what comes out of the optic canal

A

optic nerve 2 and ophthalmic artery (from internal carotid)

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5
Q

what comes through the superior orbital fissue

A

ophthalmic nerve V1, CN 3, CN 4, CN 6, and branch of ophthalmic vein

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6
Q

what comes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

infraorbital nerve V2, inferior ophthalmic vein leading to pterygoid venous plexus

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7
Q

what goes through the infraorbital groove, canal and foramen

A

infraorbital nerve V2

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8
Q

what goes through the zygomaticofacial foramen

A

zygomaticaofacial nerve V2

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9
Q

what goes through the lacrimal groove

A

nasolacrimal duct

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10
Q

what goes through the ethmoid foramen

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

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11
Q

what goes through the supraorbital foramen

A

supraorbital nerves from frontal nerve V1

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12
Q

where does CN1 olfactory exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

cribriform plate in ethmoid bone and into the nasal cavity

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13
Q

where does CN2 optic exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

optic canal of sphenoid and into the orbit

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14
Q

where does CN3 oculomotor exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid and into superior orbit

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15
Q

does CN 3 oculomotor carry sensory or motor and what is its target

A

motor and eye muscles

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16
Q

where does CN4 trochlear exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid and into superior orbit

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17
Q

where does CN6 Abducens exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid and into superior orbit

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18
Q

where does CN12 Hypoglossal exit the braincase and what is the path through the skull

A

hypoglossal canal and into tongue

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19
Q

does CN4 trochlear carry sensory or motor and what is its target

A

motor and superior oblique muscle

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20
Q

does CN6 abducens carry sensory or motor and what is its target

A

motor and lateral rectus muscle

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21
Q

does CN 12 hypoglossal carry sensory or motor and what is its target

A

motor and intrinsic tongue muscles

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22
Q

which branch of the trigeminal nerve carries sensory and motor branches

A

V3- mandibular

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23
Q

what synapses in the trigeminal ganglion

A

nothing- nerve only pass through here

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23
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia (TN)

A

one of most common causes of facial pain, sudden/severe pain, compression of trigeminal nerve root before entry into the pons

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23
where would you inject to numb the lower teeth, lower lip and chin
inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V3)
23
what goes through the mylohoid groove
V3 branch to mylohyoid nerve
23
what are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia
ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, and submandibular
23
which parasympathetic ganglia are for CN 7
pterygopalatine and submandibular
23
which parasympathetic ganglia are for CN 3
ciliary ganglion
23
what nerves do the parasympathetics hitchhike on
trigeminal nerves
23
which parasympathetic ganglia are for CN 9
otic ganglion
23
how many branches of the trigeminal does CN 7 hitchhike on the reach the lacrimal gland
2: V2 and then V1
23
what nerve would be damaged as a result of orbitozygomatic fracture caused by a blow to the lateral cheekbone
the infraorbital nerve in the infraorbital canal
24
what autonomics (parasympathetics) are carried by CN 3 oculomotor
short ciliary nerves (synapse in ciliary ganglion)
25
what opposes the action of the short ciliary nerves
the long ciliary nerves (sympathetics)
26
where does V1 ophthalmic exit the braincase and what is its path through the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid and into superior orbit
27
where does V3 mandibular exit the braincase and what is its path through the skull
foramen ovale and into the infratemporal fossa
28
what are the 5 targets for V2 maxillary nerve
infraorbital nerve for face above mouth, nasopalatine nerve for mucosa, greater/lesser palatine nerves for roof of mouth, zygomaticotemporal nerve for skin of temple and overlying cheekbone and superior alveolar nerve to upper teeth
29
when would lacrimation be possibly impaired
if zygomaticotemporal nerve is damaged
30
what are the 3 sensory targets for V3 mandibular nerve
inferior alveolar nerve to lower teeth and jaw, buccal nerve to mouth interior and lingual nerve for touch of anterior 2/3 of tongue
31
what are the 4 motor targets for V3 mandibular nerve
muscles of mastication and tensor veli palatine muscles and nerve to mylohyoid: anterior belly of digastrics and mylohyoid muscle
32
where does CN 7 and 8 facial and vestibulococchlear exit the braincase
internal acoustic meatus of petrous temporal bone
33
what area would you be aiming at to block pain for an adenoidectomy in the pterygopalatine ganglion
the sphenopalatine foramen
34
what is the dorsal root ganglion for CN 7 facial
geniculate ganglion
35
what 2 places does V2-maxillary distribute to after the pterygopalatine fossa
to nasal epithelium via pterygoid canal and onto face via infraorbital groove, canal and foramen
36
what are the 5 targets of V1 opthalmic nerve
supraorbital/supratrochlear to forehead, lacrimal nerve to lateral eyelids and conjunctiva, sensory branches through ciliary ganglion to eyeball, posterior and anterior ethmoidal nerve, and infratrochlear nerve to medial conjunctiva and medial eyelids
37
what results from infraorbital nerve damage
impairs sensation to face and lower eyelid (NOT eyelid function- unless V2 branch to orbiculiaris oculi is also damaged)
38
what is the dorsal root ganglion for CN 8 vestibulococchlear
vestibular and cochlear (spiral) ganglion
39
what is the dorsal root ganglion for CN 9 glossopharyngeal
superior/inferior glossopharygeal ganglia
40
which nerve of V2 maxillary nerve also carries parasympathetics from CN 7
zygomaticotemporal nerve
41
what is the dorsal root ganglion for CN 10 vagus
superior/inferior vagal ganglia
42
what are the 3 pathways through the skull for CN 7 and CN 8
through the facial canal and exits: 1. stylomastoid foramen to face muscles 2. greater petrosal groove (GPN) on anterior petrous temporal in middle cranial fossa, traversing lateral foramen lacerum 3. petrotympanic fissure (chorda tympani)
43
what are the 3 motor targets for CN 7 facial
muscles of facial expression, including buccinator, stapedius muscle, and posterior belly of digastric muscle
44
what is the path through the skull for CN 9 glossopharyngeal
into pharynx (into infratemporal fossa for lesser petrosal nerve)
45
is CN 9 glossopharyngeal sensory or motor
both
46
are CN 7 facial and CN 8 vestibulocochlear sensory or motor
CN 7 is both and CN 8 is only sensory
47
where does CN 10 vagus exit the braincase
between petrous temporal and basioccipital neural portion of jugular foramen
48
is CN 10 vagus sensory or motor
both
49
where does CN 11 spinal accessory exit the braincase
through the jugular foramen
50
is CN 11 spinal accessory sensory or motor
motor
51
what is the sensory target for CN 7 facial
from geniculate ganglion to interior of ear canal and taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
52
what is the target for CN 8 vestibulocochlear
hearing cochlea and balance semicircular canals
53
what are the 7 sensory targets for CN 9 glossopharyngeal
carotid body (O2), taste/touch posterior 1/3 of tongue, external ear, inner tympanic membrane, middle ear mucosa, auditory tube, and pharynx
54
what is the motor target for CN 9 glossopharyngeal
stylopharyngeus
55
what are the 8 sensory targets for CN 10 vagus
external ear canal, external tympanic membrane, larynx, pharynx, viscera trachea, stretch receptors in arotic arch walls, chemoreceptors in arotic bodies, and taste for posterior medial tongue
56
what are the 3 motor targets for CN 10 vagus
muscles of pharynx and larynx and palatoglossus muscle
57
what are the 2 motor targets for CN 11 spinal accessory
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
58
what is the dorsal root ganglion for CN 5 Trigeminal
semilunar ganglion (trigeminal ganglion)
60
what are 3 hitchhikers on V2 maxillary
CN 7 postganglionics from pterygopalatine ganglion, zygomaticotemporal nerve to lacrimal gland, and to nasal mucosa via nasopalatine nerve
61
what are the 2 hitchhikers on V3 mandibular
CN 7 presynaptic parasympathetics from chorda tympani to submandibular ganglion and lingual nerve to submandibular and sublingual glands
62
what are the 2 hitchhikers on CN 7 facial and CN 8 vestibulocochlear
parasympathetics from nervus intermedius to: 1. submandibular/sublingual glands via chorda tympani 2. lacrimal gland - GPN/DPN to nerve of pterygoid canal to pterygopalatine ganglion (synpase) to infraorbital nerve V2 to zygomaticofacial nerve V2 to lacrimal nerve V1
63
what are 4 motor targets for CN 7 facial
muscles of facial expression, including buccinator, stapedius muscle, and posterior belly of digastric muscle
64
what is the hitchhiker on CN 9 glossopharyngeal
lesser petrosal nerve tympanic canaliculis to tympanic plexus on middle ear promontory to groove lateral to greater petrosal groove, out through foramen ovale- synapse in otic ganglion and travels with V3 auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland
65
what are the 2 hitchhikers on CN 10 vagus
viscera up to left colic flexure; glands of pharynx and larynx
66
what is the hitchhiker on CN 11 accessory
none
69
what are 2 hitchhikers on V1 ophthalmic
short ciliary nerve carries CN 3 parasympathetics from ciliary ganglion and lacrimal nerve carries CN 7 parasympathetics to lacrimal gland

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