puberty and its impact

Question 1

puberty is when you:

Answer 1

become capable of sexual reproduction

Question 2

pre through post pubertal changes are all driven and coordinated by:

Answer 2

the endocrine and central nervous system

Question 3

organizational effects:

Answer 3

prenatal effects of hormones causing differentiation and organization of physiological systems

Question 4

activation effects:

Answer 4

the effects of hormones upon these previously organized systems

Question 5

the critical hormones:

Answer 5

androgens and estrogen

Question 6

Y chromosome contains a gene called and what is it responsible for:

Answer 6

SRY and produces a protein called testes determining factor (TDF)

Question 7

what does tdf do?

Answer 7

develops into testes and if no tdf, develops as female

Question 8

androgen insensitivity syndrome:

Answer 8

genetic male who is resistant to angrodens and therefore his penis and other male parts fail to develop

Question 9

S-alpha reductase deficiency:

Answer 9

genetic male who is unable to use testosterone during development and during puberty will lead to development of typical male sex characteristics due to an increase in androgens

Question 10

secondary sex characteristics are those that:

Answer 10

emerge during pre and pot puberty such as boobs, hips, pubic hair, facial hair, muscle growth

Question 11

primary sex characteristics:

Answer 11

penis, vagina, testes, ovaries

Question 12

peak height velocity:

Answer 12

the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly

Question 13

activational effects depend on:

Answer 13

endocrine system

Question 14

endocrine system:

Answer 14

produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels in the body

Question 15

specialized cells in brain called ___ are believed to be involved in endocrine system

Answer 15

gonadotropin- releasing hormone neurons (GnRH)

Question 16

what does the hypothalamus do? (2)

Answer 16

1. monitors levels of sex hormones to maintain the correct set point
2. inhibits pituitary gland unless sex hormone levels fall below a set point

Question 17

what does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 17

sends signals to the gonads to release more sex hormones

Question 18

what do the gonads do?

Answer 18

release the sex hormones

Question 19

adrenarche:

Answer 19

the maturation of the adrenal gland that began in middle childhood is completed during adolescence

Question 20

the adrenarche results in:

Answer 20

a steady increase in the production of sex hormones (beginning of puberty)

Question 21

kisspeptin:

Answer 21

a brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty

Question 22

leptin:

Answer 22

a brain chemical produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty by stimulating kisspeptin

Question 23

melatonin:

Answer 23

contributes to sleepiness and triggers the onset of puberty through its impact on kisseptin

Question 24

2 other factors that influence onset of puberty:

Answer 24

1. genes predispose onset at certain age
2. more fat cells and more exposure to light trigger it earlier

Question 25

somatic development causes very fast growth in:

Answer 25

1. physical appearance
2. height
3. sexual maturation
4. brain change in size, structure and function

Question 26

ethnic differences in the timing and rate of puberty:

Answer 26

first is black females, second is Mexican American females, 3rd is white females

Question 27

two key environmental influences of puberty:

Answer 27

nutrition and health

Question 28

early pubertal maturation in girls is due to:

Answer 28

father absent families, tension in family and stress, presence of step father, sexual abuse

Question 29

whitten effect:

Answer 29

induce estrus in sexually mature females because of pheromones

Question 30

vandenburg effect:

Answer 30

accelerates puberty in young females because of pheromones

Question 31

cross sectional design:

Answer 31

compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time to ask questions about group differences

Question 32

cohort effects:

Answer 32

the effects of being born in a certain time, living in a certain region, or having the same experiences

Question 33

longitudinal design:

Answer 33

studies the same individuals repeatedly over time to ask questions about changes in individuals over time

Question 34

cross sequential design:

Answer 34

studies two or more groups of individuals over time to ask questions about group differences over time

Question 35

there has been a steady __ in age of onset of puberty:

Answer 35

decline. puberty starting a lot earlier

Question 36

steady decline in puberty is known as:

Answer 36

secular trend in development

Question 37

pseudo mature:

Answer 37

wishing to be older, hanging out with older peers, engaging in older patterns of behavior

Question 38

maturational deviance hypothesis:

Answer 38

adolescents who develop either earlier or later relative to peers experience psychological distress and manifest behavior problems

Question 39

developmental readiness hypothesis:

Answer 39

early maturing adolescents are at highest risk for psychological and behavioral problems bc they aren’t emotional or cognitively ready for the changes from puberty

Question 40

fluctuations in mood due to:

Answer 40

hormones when the HPG is is turning on and environmental factors like seeing a friend or doing hw

Question 41

delayed phase preference:

Answer 41

patten of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times

Question 42

basal metabolism rate drops about:

Answer 42

15% since physical activity decreases following puberty

Question 43

bulimia and anorexia observed mainly in:

Answer 43

b: western cultures
a: all over world