Public Health Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 3 pillars of public health?
Health improvement
Health services
Health protection
Define health inequalities
Unfair + avoidable differences in health across the population.
Define intersectionality
Concept explaining how aspect’s of a persons identities combine to create different + multiple discriminations/privileges e.g. ethnic minority + disabled
What are the 4 steps of the planning cycle for needs assessment?
Needs assessment->planning->implementation->evaluation->restart
Name 2 models for need
-Maslow’s hierarchy
-Economic perception
What are the 3 parts of Donebedian’s model of evaluating quality of health?
Structure
Process
Outcome
What are the 6 parts of Maxwell’s dimensions of quality?
3 A’s + 3E’s
Acceptability
Accessibility
Appropriateness
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Equity
Name the 3 groups behaviour change interventions are aimed at
-Healthy people to reduce behavioural risks
-Ill people who can adjust behaviour to circumstances
-Health professionals responsible for delivering care
Name 4 behaviour change models/theories
-Healthy belief model (HBM)
-Theory of planned behaviour (TTM)
-Stages of change/transtheoretical model
-COM-B model
What 4 reasons does the HBM give for people changing behaviour?
-Belief that they’re susceptible
-Belief in serious consequences
-Belief in taking action reduces susceptibility
-Belief benefits of action outweigh cost
3 critiques of HBM:
Other factors may predict health behaviour, such as outcome expectancy (whether the person feels they will be healthier as a result of their behaviour) and self-efficacy (the person’s belief in their ability to carry out preventative behaviour)
● Does not differentiate between first time and repeat behaviour
● Cues to action are often missing in HBM research
What 2 points does HBM demonstrate are most important in addressing behaviour change?
-Perceived barriers
-Susceptibility (risk)
What reason does the theory of planned behaviour propose as the best predictor of behaviour?
Intention
According to the TPB what determines intention?
-Person’s ATTITUDES
-Social pressure to behaviour - SUBJECTIVE NORM
-Person’s appraisal of their ability to perform behaviour - PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL
What are 5 ways to bridge the intention-behaviour gap (TPB)?
-Perceived control
-Anticipated regret
-Preparatory actions
-Implementation intentions
-Relevance to health
Name 4 criticisms of TBP
Does not consider emotions
● No explanation how attitudes, intentions and perceived behavioural control interact
● Habits and routines bypass cognitive deliberation and undermine a key assumption of the model
● Relies on self-reported behaviour
What are the 5 stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM)?
Precontemplation-Not ready yet
Contemplation-Thinking about it
Preparation-Getting ready
Action-Doing it
Maintenance-Sticking with it
Name 2 advantages of the TTM
Accounts for relapses
Acknowledges individual stages of readiness
Name 2 disadvantages of the TTM
Not everyone goes through every stage-can go back+forwards
Doesn’t account for values, habits, emotions, culture, socioeconomic etc
Change may be continuum not discrete stages
People often change spontaneously-no prep
What does COM-B stand for?
Capability, opportunity + motivation –>Behaviour
Define capability according to COM-B
Knowledge, skills + abilities to engage in behaviour - can be psychological or physical
Define opportunity according to COM-B
External factors which make doing a particular behaviour possible - physical + social
Define motivation according to COM-B
Internal processes which influence our decision making and behaviours - reflective + automatic
Define BCT (behaviour change techniques)
An observable, replicable, and irreducible component of an intervention designed to alter or redirect causal processes that regulate behaviour
