Public Health 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is public health concerned with?
Social conditions that influence the health and well-being of communities and human populations.
Why did hunter-gatherers have fewer disease problems?
They lived in small groups, moved frequently, and had balanced diets, preventing waste accumulation and contamination.
What was the main health impact of the agricultural revolution?
Larger populations led to more disease transmission due to waste, rodents, and poor sanitation.
What major epidemic began in 1347 in Europe?
The bubonic plague, which led to centuries of periodic outbreaks.
What was the significance of the Hippocratic Corpus?
It viewed disease as a result of environmental or behavioral imbalances, not punishment from gods.
Where does the term ‘quarantine’ come from?
The Italian word ‘quarantena’ meaning forty days.
What was John Graunt known for?
Estimating population size and constructing the first life table.
What milestone did James Lind contribute to?
The first controlled clinical trial on scurvy.
What did the Industrial Revolution contribute to PH?
Mass migration, urban crowding, stricter health enforcement, and establishment of health institutions.
What changes occurred in 19th century public health?
Focus on social responsibility, moral treatment of mental illness, and environmental causes of disease.
What key developments emerged in late 19th century PH?
Bacteriology, state health labs, vaccinations, and antiseptic surgery.
What movement arose in the 19th century to improve hygiene?
The Sanitary Movement.
How did WHO redefine health in 1948?
As a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease.
What was the Ottawa Charter of 1986?
A WHO document identifying prerequisites for a healthy society like peace, shelter, education, and equity.
What shift occurred in 20th century public health?
From infectious to chronic diseases as primary health challenges.
What are some modern chronic diseases?
Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and mental illness.
What marked the professional development of PH in the late 20th century?
Conferences by CDC and NIH emphasizing social and behavioral sciences in health.
What is the ‘new public health’ model?
A biosocial framework incorporating social medicine and behavioral medicine.
What are central to chronic disease prevention?
Behavioral practices like diet, exercise, and stress reduction.
What are major 21st-century public health issues?
Emerging diseases, climate change, NCDs, bioterrorism, and technological advances.
What technologies are impacting PH today?
AI, robotics, nanotech, and alternative energy sources.
What are some 21st-century PH milestones?
COVID-19 response, malaria vaccine, tech in surveillance, and tobacco control.
