public health models and theories

Question 1

models and theories

Answer 1

organized systems, help us think of how concepts relate, influence and impact outcome/interest
support health promo and disease prevention
help explain complex ideas/concepts, propositions, assumptions, definitions
explain relationships btw and among concepts r/t health and illness and impact on an outcome

Question 2

why use theories

Answer 2

help organize info
provide direction to guide where we go with info
PH interventions: what could work and why, replicated larger, diff setting, dif health issue

Question 3

health promo

Answer 3

health belief model
transtheoretical model

Question 4

types of theories

Answer 4

meso: medium sized pop/com, institution
macro: broad com, sub pop, pop
micro: individual/fam

Question 5

who is the focus?

Answer 5

first question
individuals = micro -> HBM, TTM
com/society, theory of change
individual/fam and com/society/systems = micro and macro-> ecological model (socioecological), diffusion of innovation

Question 6

microscopic

Answer 6

examine individual health behaviors and what influences those
variables provide cute to explain health behavior
guide strategies to support individuals to achieve optimal health behaviors
based on value expectancy
address individual perceptions, modify factors, likelihood of action, individual rf

Question 7

value expectancy

Answer 7

expectations and values and beliefs that affect health behavior and motivation
values + expectancy = motivation to make change

Question 8

expectancy

Answer 8

abilities and belief they (individual) can change

Question 9

value

Answer 9

worth, importance, effort, interest

Question 10

health belief model

Answer 10

individual perception + modifying factors + likelihood of action

Question 11

health belief model: individual perceptions

Answer 11

perceived susceptibility and/or seriousness of disease

Question 12

health belief model: modifying factors

Answer 12

demographic variables: race, gender, ethnicity
sociopsychological variables: personality, social class, peer and reference group pressure
perceived threat of disease
cues to action

Question 13

health belief model: modifying factors - cues to action

Answer 13

mass media, advice from others, reminder postcard, illness of fam/friend, newspaper or magazine

Question 14

health belief model: likelihood of action

Answer 14

perceived benefits of preventative action - perceived barriers to preventative action

Question 15

perceived susceptibility

Answer 15

one’s opinion of chances of getting a condition

Question 16

perceived serverity

Answer 16

ones opinion of how serious a condition is and what its consequences are

Question 17

perceived benefits

Answer 17

ones belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk of seriousness of impact

Question 18

perceived barriers

Answer 18

ones opinions of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action

Question 19

cues to action

Answer 19

strategies to activate readiness

Question 20

self efficacy

Answer 20

confidence in ones ability to take action

Question 21

transtheoretical model

Answer 21

precontemplation, contemplation, pop/determination, action, maint
exit and re-enter at any stage

Question 22

macroscopic: empowerment theories

Answer 22

focus on achieving goals by leveraging com strengths and resources and resilience
examine social structures and factors -> those with more disadvantages face more barriers: gender disparities, racism, ethnocentrism, education, health lit, class disparities

Question 23

macroscopic: empowerment theories - theory of change

Answer 23

explain how interventions are expected to lead to specific change
all steps are intertwined

Question 24

theory of change - impact

Answer 24

systemic change that you expect to see long term

Question 25

theory of change - outcome

Answer 25

intended and unintended change that stakeholders experience or may experience with intervention, broader

Question 26

theory of change - output

Answer 26

immediate results of activities/products, needed for outcomes

Question 27

theory of change - activities

Answer 27

answer -> what needs to happen for each outcome to occur?

Question 28

theory of change - inputs

Answer 28

resources or investments needed to ensure the activities take place

Question 29

macroscopic: ecological

Answer 29

better understand human behavior, assess when individual level intervention/behaviors arent changing, interventions (address multiple levels) that take place on multiple levels are more effective

Question 30

ecological: levels

Answer 30

interact with each other, factors influence each other

Question 31

ecological: levels - individuals

Answer 31

knowledge, attitude, skill, beliefs biologic/personal hx factors

Question 32

ecological: levels - interpersonal

Answer 32

friend/fam, social network relationships

Question 33

ecological: levels - institutions

Answer 33

organization, schools, workplace

Question 34

ecological: levels - community

Answer 34

city, neighborhood, resources, norms

Question 35

ecological: levels - policy/societal

Answer 35

fed, state, local legislation culture norms, social inequalities

Question 36

diffusion of innovation

Answer 36

idea/product gains momentum and diffuses through specific pop or social system overtime adoption: person/pop must perceive idea, behavior, product as new or innovative

Question 37

diffusion of innovation - limits

Answer 37

dont originate in public health not participatory approach -> just categorize and monitor better with positive change -> adoption > prevent dont consider access

Question 38

diffusion of innovation - use in public health

Answer 38

accelerate adoption of ph programs that typically aimed to change behavior of social system target certain pop -> understand how to target them mask and vaccines - covid, cell phones, social media