Public Speaking Final

Question 1

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 1

The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Question 2

What is a listener’s frame of reference?

Answer 2

The listener receives the message. The frame of reference is the total or their knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitude.

Question 2

Define the different types of poor listening.

Answer 2

1. focusing on appearance and delivery
2. Jumping to conclusions
3. Listening too hard
4. Not concentrating (spare brain time)

Question 3

What is the first thing that should come out of
your mouth when presenting a speech? (The
very first thing you should say.)

Answer 3

A greeting or attention grabber

Question 4

Different types of speech organization

Answer 4

Chronological Order
Spatial Order
Causal Order
Problem Solution Order
Topical Order

Question 4

What are the guidelines for your specific
purpose statement?

Answer 4

1. Write as a full infinitive phrase
2. Express as a statement, not as a question
3. Avoid figurative language
4. Limit to one distinct idea
5. Avoid being too vague or general

Question 5

What are the guidelines for your thesis
statement/central idea?

Answer 5

1. Express as a full sentence
2. Do not express as a question
3. Avoid figurative language
4. Do not be vague or overly general

Question 6

What demographics should you consider when
analyzing the audience?

Answer 6

1. identifying the general demographic features of your audience
2. gauging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation

Question 7

Why is it important to establish your credibility
with the audience in the introduction?

Answer 7

To show you can be trusted

Question 8

What is a call or appeal to action?

Answer 8

When the speakers goal is to convince the audience to take action ton support of a given policy

Question 9

What is the difference between a simile and a
metaphor?

Answer 9

Simile uses the words “like” or “as” between things essentially different
Metaphor does NOT use “like” or “as” to introduce 2 things that are essentially different yet have something in common

Question 10

What is problem-cause-solution order?

Answer 10

an organization method in persuasive speeches where the first point identifies a problem, the second point analyzes the cause, and the third point presents a solution

Question 11

Types of special occasion speeches

Answer 11

Speeches to entertain: Toasts, roasts, after dinner speeches
Speeches of celebration: Weddings, award banquets, retirements
Speeches or inspiration: conventions, accepting an award
Speeches to Commemorate: Veteran’s day, to remember someone or something special
Eulogies: to give information about the life of the deceased

Question 12

What is the purpose of a special occasion
speech?

Answer 12

they are the punctuation marks of day to day life marking something outside of ordinary routine

Question 13

What traits should an acceptance speech have?

Answer 13

brevity, humility, and graciousness

Question 14

What is ethos?

Answer 14

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students refer to as credibility

Question 15

Is it possible to be credible with one audience
but not another? Why?

Answer 15

credibility is an attitude which exists in the audience and not the speaker. you make have more credibility in one topic over another

Question 16

Logos is comprised of what two things?

Answer 16

evidence and reasoning

Question 17

What newspapers are considered the most
credible in the United States? Name the top four.

Answer 17

Time, Atlantic, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal

Question 18

Why are biased or self-interested sources less
credible than unbiased sources?

Answer 18

Listeners are suspicious of biased or self interested sources. Listeners want competent, credible sources

Question 19

Should you state your evidence and then explain
to the audience what that evidence is meant to
prove?

Answer 19

You should state your claims first and have evidence to back it up

Question 20

Define hasty generalization,

Answer 20

a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

Question 20

Define bandwagon fallacy

Answer 20

assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

Question 21

Define slippery slope fallacy

Answer 21

assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

Question 22

Define ad hominem fallacy

Answer 22

a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

Question 23

Define either-or fallacy

Answer 23

a fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two exist

Question 24

Define the appeal to tradition fallacy

Answer 24

when is assumes something old is automatically better than something new

Question 25

What is pathos?

Answer 25

The name Aristotle gave for what modern students call emotional appeal

Question 25

How many times should you practice your speech? Should you practice all on one day or spread it out over a number of days?

Answer 25

you should practice more than a couple days in advance and practice until you feel confident

Question 26

Is the question and answer section of a speech important? How much impact can it have on the audience? What are the risks of question and answer sections?

Answer 26

it is often the final word and leaves a lasting impression on the audience the risks can be dragging on the answer to a question for too long

Question 26

If a questioner is hostile with you, is it fair to reciprocate the hostility?

Answer 26

"keep your cool"

Question 27

What should you do if you do not know the answer to a question? What should you not do? How to give a persuasive speech presentation

Answer 27

Don't apologize or evade but offer to get the answer after as soon as possible after the speech

Question 28

If you know what a word means, is it safe to assume all audience members do as well? Ch.

Answer 28

No, short and sharp words will do the job better

Question 29

When JFK says, “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country” he is using what?

Answer 29

Antithesis

Question 30

How does repetition lead to parallelism?

Answer 30

the use of the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences

Question 31

Are extended metaphors useful in a speech? What speaker made heavy use of metaphors?

Answer 31

Martin Luther King Jr

Question 32

In this day and age, should we still worry about being politically correct when speaking? Why or why not?

Answer 32

Yes, it is about political courtesy

Question 33

Why is using inclusive language important?

Answer 33

audiences expect speakers to use inclusive language that is respectful of the different groups that make up society

Question 34

Is it acceptable to do whatever it takes to persuade your audience, even if it means using overhyped or offensive rhetoric? Is it ethical? Why or why not?

Answer 34

Emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasion speech on question of fact. You should never substitute emotion for fact. Never result to name calling or other forms of abusive language. Goals must be ethically sound.

Question 35

Do you have to agree with someone to like/respect them?

Answer 35

No, but you must remain respectful and adapt your message to the values and expectations of the audience

Question 35

What does the First Amendment cover? What does it not cover?

Answer 35

The freedom of speech and free expression is covered what is not covered is defamatory falsehoods, threats against the presidents life, inciting and audience to take illegal action

Question 36

Is disagreement with a person’s ideas enough to justify taking away their right of expression?

Answer 36

No, this usually ends up repressing minority viewpoints

Question 37

Why is it a problem that people just wait their turn to talk while in a conversation?

Answer 37

it blocks effective communication and understanding between individuals

Question 38

At what rate can your brain process speech? At what rate can a human being speak?

Answer 38

the brain can process 400 - 500 words a minute with the average rate of speech being 120 - 180 words a minute

Question 39

What does it mean to suspend judgment?

Answer 39

to hear people out before reaching final judgement

Question 40

As an audience member, is it acceptable to shut down when you realize a speech is over a position with which you disagree? Why or why not?

Answer 40

no you should listen to their ideas and examine their evidence then make up you mind

Question 41

What appeal should a persuasive speech be built upon?

Answer 41

logos

Question 42

How is understanding both sides of an issue linked to credibility in a persuasive speech?

Answer 42

it shows that the speaker did their research and is understanding of the counterclaim they're disagreeing with

Question 43

What type of speech is the crown jewel of public speaking? Why?

Answer 43

persuasive speech because it has the power to inspire and bring people together

Question 44

Is a persuasive speech a failure if the audience is not strongly in favor of the speaker’s position by the end? Why or why not?

Answer 44

no, it just means you probably need to tailor your message and values more towards your target audience

Question 45

What is more difficult? Getting your audience to passively agree with you or actually change their actions?

Answer 45

change their actions

Question 46

Define burden of proof

Answer 46

the obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change n current policy is necessary

Question 47

Define Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Answer 47

a method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. the five steps are: 1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action

Question 48

Are pauses in a speech ever acceptable? Why or why not?

Answer 48

Yes, it can signal the end of a thought, give time for an idea to sink in, and lend dramatic impact

Question 49

Is it easier to understand complicated information when the speaker speaks quickly or slowly?

Answer 49

There is no uniform rate for effective speech making. It depends on vocal attributes of the speaker, the mood they're trying to create, or the composition or type of speech given

Question 50

You should always speak more slowly and ____________ than you think you need to. * Define dialect

Answer 50

Deliberately Dialect - a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary

Question 50

How is a speaker’s diction (word choice) linked to credibility? What type of word choice can be a turn off to the audience?

Answer 50

Use concrete words that are easy to digest and understand. this ensures understanding on your topic from the audience

Question 51

How are body language and credibility linked?

Answer 51

you are seen as more credible if you act and posture confidently. faster speakers and people who use vocal variety are seen as more credible

Question 52

How do people in the US feel about eye contact?

Answer 52

the US is big on eye contact if the speaker does not make eye contact they are seen as insincere or dishonest.

Question 53

What would be harmed or reduced if you presented a conspiracy theory as a fact in a speech?

Answer 53

credibility

Question 54

Why is it important to make the time limit for your speech? Are time limits important outside of the speech class?

Answer 54

So the audience doesn't become bored and dwindle off

Question 55

Why is eye contact still important even when using a visual aid?

Answer 55

to produce a connection

Question 56

Photos of a dehorned rhino would be a visual example of what rhetorical appeal?

Answer 56

pathos