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Me > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

H1 blocker

  • 1st generation
    • (-en/ine or en/ate)
  • Use
    • allergy
    • motion sickness
    • sleep aid
  • Toxicity
    • sedation
    • antimuscarinic
      • hot as hare
      • red as beet
      • dry as a bone
      • blind as a bat
      • mad as a hatter
    • anti alpha adrenergic
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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

H1 blocker

  • 1st generation
    • en/ine or en/ate
  • Use
    • allergy
    • motion sickness
    • sleep aid
  • Toxicity
    • sedation
    • antimuscarinic
      • how as a hare
      • red as a beet
      • blind as a bat
      • dry as a bone
      • mad as a hatter
    • anti alpha0 adrenergic
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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

H1 blocker

  • 1st generation
    • en/ine or en/ate
  • Use
    • allergy
    • motion sickness
    • sleep aid
  • Toxicity
    • sedation
    • antimuscarinic
      • hot as hare
      • blind as bad
      • dry as bone
      • red as beet
      • mad as hatter
    • anti- alpha- adrenergic
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4
Q

Loratadine

A

H1 blocker

  • 2nd generation
      • adine
  • use
    • allergy
  • toxicity
    • less sedation than 1st generation
      • decreased entry into CNS
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5
Q

Fexofenadine

A

H1 blocker

  • 2nd generaion
    • -adine
  • Use
    • allergy
  • Toxicity
    • less sedating than 1st generation
      • decreased CNS entry
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6
Q

Desloratadine

A

H1 blocker

  • 2nd generation
    • adine
  • use
    • allergy
  • toxicity
    • less sedation than 1st generation
      • decreased CNS entry
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7
Q

Cetirizine

A

H1 blocker

  • 2nd generation
    • only one not ending in -adine
  • use
    • allergy
  • toxicity
    • less sedation than 1st generation
      • decreased CNS entry
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8
Q

Albuterol

A

B2 agonist

  • Asthma
    • acute exacerbation
  • Bronchodilator
    • increase cAMP
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9
Q

Salmeterol

A

B2 agonist

  • Asthma
    • prophylaxis
    • long acting
  • Bronchodilator
    • increase cAMP
  • Toxicity
    • tremor
    • arrhythmia (increase heart rate and contractility)
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10
Q

Formoterol

A

B2 agonist

  • Asthma
    • prophylaxis
    • long acting
  • Bronchodilator
    • increase cAMP
  • Toxicity
    • tremor
    • arrhythmia (increase heart contractility and rate)
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11
Q

Theophylline

A

Methylxanthine

  • Asthma
  • Bronchodilator
    • inhibits phosphodiesterase
    • decreases cAMP hydrolysis
    • blocks adenosine actions
  • Narrow therapeutic index
  • Metabolized by CYP
  • Low doses
    • insomnia and arousal
  • Toxicity
    • abdominal pain
    • vomiting, diarrhea
    • cardiac arrhythmias (cardiotoxicity)
      • Tachyarrhythmias = major concern but usually does not cause prolonged QT
    • seizures (neurotoxicity)
      • Seizures = most likely morbidity adn mortality
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12
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

  • Asthma
  • COPD
    • Tiotropium (long acting muscarinic antagonist)
  • Prevent bronchoconstriction
    • Competitively blocks muscarinic receptors
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13
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid

  • Asthma
    • chronic asthma (1st line)
  • Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines
  • Inactivates NK-kB
    • transcription factor that induces TNF-alph production
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14
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroids

  • Asthma
    • Chronic (1st line)
  • Inhibit cytokine synthesis
  • Inactive NF-kB
    • transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha
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15
Q

Montelukast

A

Antileukotriene

  • Asthma
    • aspirin induced asthma
  • Bock leukotriene receptors
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16
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Antileukotrienes

  • Asthma
    • aspirin induced asthma
  • Block leukotriene receptors
17
Q

Zileuton

A

Antileukotriene

  • Asthma
  • 5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
    • Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid –> leukotrienes
18
Q

Omalizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody

  • Asthma
    • allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long acting B2 agonist
  • Monclonal anti-IgE antibody
    • binds unbound serum IgE
19
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant

  • Thins respiratory secretions
  • Does NOT suppress cough
20
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Expectorant

  • Mucolytic
    • loosen mucous plugs in CF patient
    • Cleaves disulfide bonds within mucous glycoproteins
  • Antidote for acetaminophen overdose
21
Q

Bosentan

A

Expectorant

  • Competitively antagonizes endothelin 1 receptors
    • Decreases pulomonary vascular resistance
    • Endothelin 1 produced by vascular endothelium
  • Use
    • pulmonary arterial HTN
22
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Expectorant

  • Antagonise NMDA glutamate receptors
    • Antitussive
  • Synthetic codeine analog
  • Mild opiod effect when used in excess
  • Nalaxone for overdose
  • mild abuse tendency
23
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Sympathomimetic alpha agonist

  • Nonprescription nasal decongestant
  • Use
    • reduce hyperemia
    • reduce edema
    • reduce nasal congestion
    • open obstructed eustachian tubes
    • stimulant
  • Toxicity
    • HTN
    • CNS stimulation/ anxiety
24
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic alpha agonist

  • nonprescription nasal decongestant
  • Use
    • reduce hyperemia
    • reduce edema
    • reduce nasal congestion
    • open obstructed eustachian tibes
  • Toxcity
    • HTN
25
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarine receptor agonist

  • asthma challenge test
26
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

(IRV)

A
  • Amount of air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
27
Q

Tidal Volume

(TV)

A
  • Amount of air that moves into lungs after quiet inspiration
    • 500 mL
28
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

(ERV)

A
  • Amount of air that can still be breathed out after normal expiration
29
Q

Residual Volume

(RV)

A
  • Amount of air left in lung after max expiration
30
Q

Capacity

A

2 or > volumes

31
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

(IC)

A
  • Total amount of air that can be inspired after normal expiration
  • TV + IRV
32
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

(FRC)

A
  • Volume in lungs after normal expiration
  • ERV + RV
  • Determined by elastic force of chest wall (outward force) + lung compliance (inward force)
    • increased = obstructive lung disease
    • decreased = restrictive lung disease
33
Q

Vital Capacity

(VC)

A
  • Maximum volume that can be expired after max inspiration
  • TV + IRV + ERV
  • Decreases: Age
  • Increases: body size, male, physical activity
34
Q

Total Lung Capacity

(TLC)

A
  • Volume of gas in lungs after max inspiration
  • IRV + TV + ERV + RV
35
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A
  • epinephrine
    • alpha-1 receptors: counteracts vasodilation, increase BP
    • Beta-1 receptors: increase CP and increase BP
    • Beta-2 receptors: bronchodilation
  • Characteristics
    • vasodilation
    • increased vascular permeability
    • bronchoconstriction
36
Q

inhaled corticosteroids

Flunisolide

Fluticasone

A

Inhale corticoseroid

  • Most commonly used prophylactic therapy for patients with persistent bronchial asthma
  • Treatment goals
    • prevention of symptoms
    • maintenance of near normal pulm function
    • maintenance of normal activity level
  • Toxicity
    • oropharyngeal candidiasis
      • use spacer adn rinse mouth to prevent
    • dysphonia
      • myopathy of laryngeal muscles
37
Q

Cromolyn

Nedocromil

A

Asthma

  • MOA: inhibit mast cell degranulation
  • Use:
    • prevent acute asthma attacks

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