Rate determining enzymes- biochem

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

• **Phosphofructokinase- 1 (PFK-1) **
  
  • ​break down glucose to make ATP
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • AMP
    • Fructose-2,6-BP
  • (-)
    
    • ATP
    • citrate

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

• **Fructose- 1,6- Bisphosphatase **
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • ATP
  • (-)
    
    • AMP
    • Fructose- 2,6- BP

Question 3

TCA cycle

Answer 3

• **Isocitrate Dehydrogenase **
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • ADP
  • (-)
    
    • ATP
    • NADH

Question 4

Glycogen Synthesis

Answer 4

• Glycogen synthase
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • Glucose
    • Insulin
  • (-)
    
    • Epi
    • Glucagon

Question 5

Glycogenolysis

Answer 5

• Glycogen phosphorylase
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • AMP
    • Epi
    • Glucagon
  • (-)
    
    • Insulin
    • ATP

Question 6

HMP Shunt

Answer 6

• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • NADP+
  • (-)
    
    • NADPH

Question 7

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis

Answer 7

• Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II

Question 8

De Novo Purine Synthesis

Answer 8

• Glutamine-PRPP Amidotransferase
• Regulators
  
  • (-)
    
    • AMP
    • IMP
    • GMP

Question 9

Urea Cycle

Answer 9

• **Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I **
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • N-acetylglutamate

Question 10

Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 10

• Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • Insulin
    • Citrate
  • (-)
    
    • Glucagon
    • Palmitoyl Co-A

Question 11

Fatty Acid Oxidation

Answer 11

• Carnitine acyltransferase I
• Regulators
  
  • (-)
    
    • Malonyl CoA

Question 12

Ketogenesis

Answer 12

• **HMG- CoA Synthase **

Question 13

Cholesterol Synthesis

Answer 13

• **HMG-CoA Reductase **
• Regulators
  
  • (+)
    
    • Insulin
    • Thyroxine
  • (-)
    
    • glucagon
    • cholesterol