Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

random > pulm drugs > Flashcards

pulm drugs Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

salmeterol

A

beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist
used for asthma & copd
long acting (8-10 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

formoterol

A

beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist
used for asthma & copd
long acting (8-10 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bronchodilators

A

beta adrenergic agents
ipratropium
methylxanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ipratroprium

A

anticholintergic bronchodilator tx
not anti-inflammatory
first line for COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

theophylline

A

unclear MOA
PDE4 inhibiotr - increases cAMP but weak bronchodilator
used in COPD to enhance muscle fx, drive to breath and decrease pulm resistance
very narrow therapeutic window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

montelukast, zafirlukast

A

leukotriene recptor antagonist
only 25% of asthma pts respond
anti inflammatory
pill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

zileuton

A

rarely used except for extreme asthma
5-lypoygenase inhibitor –> blocks leukotriene synthesis
pill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prednisone

A

oral corticosteroid used only for acute flares of astma or for chronic severe asthma or COPD
first pass activation in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

budesonide, fluticasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid with high receptor affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

advair

A

salmeterol and fluticasone - first combination tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mechanical defense mechanism

A

gag/cough
nasal hairs, turbinates
bronchial branching
muscous ciliary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pathological condition association with defect in mech denfense & manifestations

A

endotrach intubation,t racheostomy – aspiration penumonia
stroke, seizure, alcohol/drug – lung abcess & VAP
CF,dysmotile cilia syndromes – bronchiectasis, airway obstruction
bronchiectasis – bacterial pneumo
endobronchial turmor– aytpical mycobacteria infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

innate immunity in lung

A

neutropenia
phagocyte function
complemetn cascade
defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pathological condition association with defect in innate denfense & manifestations

A

chemo.neutropenia – invasice aspergillosis
chronic granulomatous disease – chronic bacterial infection
complement def – encapsalated bacteria
CF (lack fo defensins) - bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adapative immmunity in lungs

A

CD4
CD8
b cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pathological condition association with defect in adaptive denfense & manifestations

A

AIDS/SCID/DiGeorge – TB & toher mycobacteria, PCP, crytococcus, fungi,
corticosteroids, transplant immunsuppre – hpv
myeloma, nephrosis, agammaglobuinemia, aspelnia, sickle cell – encapsulated bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

differential for diffuse alveolar-filling diseases

A

disseminated infection (pneumo)
pulm hemorrhage syndromes (Goodpastures)
pulm edema
neoplams
reactions to narcotics abuse
occupational lung diease (berllium, silcois)
sarcoidosis
fat embolism
pulm alveolar proteinosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

histoplama capsulatum

A

dimorphic
birds & bats
ohio-miss river valley, varibbean
lungs & spleen
narrow necked buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cocciodiodes immitis

A

dimorphic
not carried by animals (soil)
SW US, Mexico
lungs
large spherules with small endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blastomyces dermatitidits

Study These Flashcards
A

dimorphic
not carried by animals (soil)
central SE US
lungs & skin
thick walled yeast with wide necked bud

21
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

Study These Flashcards
A

yeast only!
birds
universal in US
lungs, CNS
halo around yeast(capsule) & stains with mucicarmine

22
Q

candidiasis

Study These Flashcards
A

oppportunitistic
football shaped
common commensal organism on skin, oropharynx and vagina
can cause thrush when normal bacteria gone
can enter via GI & GU
in immuncompromoised- purulent pneumo

23
Q

aspergillosis

Study These Flashcards
A

narrow cylindrical septate hyphae with 45 degree branching
ubiquitious in environment
often cause infarct

24
Q

mucor, absidia, rhizpus

Study These Flashcards
A

broad, flat nonseptate hyphae with right angle branching
ubiquitious in natures
vascular invastion infection in neutropenic pts
thrombosis (like aspergillus)

25
pcp
mixed features of funal and protoxoal reproduce via cysts - person to person transmission provoke little inflammation btu cause foamy fluid accumulaition without inflam cells in alveoli crushed ping pong ball
26
cuases of diffuse bronchiectasis
1) post infections - measles, pertussis, mycobacteria 2) congenital - CF, primary ciliary dyskinesia 3) immunodef states 4) immune-mediate dz- ABPA, RA, Sjogren, IBD 5) gerd/aspiration
27
specific tx for bronchiectasis
immunoglobulin replacement corticosteroids, itraconazole (ABPA) alpha 1 antitrypsin replacement antrimycobacterial antibx
28
how to clear airway in bronchiectasis
1) nebulized agent - bronchodilators (no long-term randomized trial data), hypertonic saline 2) chest physiotherpay 3) postural positioning
29
when to use airway clearance tx in bronchiectaiss
symptom relief - cough, sputum production impaired OL frequent acute infectious exacerbations
30
tiotropium & aclidinium
long acting muscarinic antagonist used for COPD can: relieve symptoms increase exercise capacity reduce number and severity of exacerbations improve health status
31
roflumilast
PDE4 inhibitor used for COPD unknown if reduces exacerbations in addition to ICS/LABA combo
32
management of COPD exacerbations
short-acting bronchodilators antibx systemic glucocorticoids (oral or IV) control o2 non-invasive ventilation
33
o2goal for acute exacerbation of copd
90-93% sat bc supplemental o2 might precipitate co2 retenion
34
good candidates for LVRS
severe COPD, fev1200%)
35
stepwise tx for COPD
1) start with prn albuterol and/or ipratropim, smoking cessation and vaccinations 2) add LAMA or LABA and pulm rehab 3) add ICS to LABA ir severe dz or frequent exacerbations 4) access for hypoxemia and tx at any stage 5) if sever dz with apical predominant emphysema consider LVRS
36
asthma tx for kids
1) SABA prn 2) low -dose ICS 3) either low-dose ICS + either LABA, LTRA or theophylline OR medium dose ICS 4) medium dose ICS + LABA 5) high dose ICS + LABA 6) high dose ICS + LABA + oral systemic corticosteroid
37
palivizumab
engineered humanized RSV monoclonal Ab for children at high risk (provides passive immunoprophylaxis) for premies and chronic lung disease or congenital heart dz monthly injection
38
kalydeco (ivacaftor)
targets G551D cftr CF tx
39
VX-809
used in combo with kalydeco to tx f508 cf in phase III trials
40
tx of allergic rhinitis
step 1 - mild episodic symptoms - oral h1 antagonist prn 2) moderate continuous symptoms - daily nasal corticosteroid (begin before season) & oral h1 antagonist, add alpha adrenergic oral decongenestant, leukotriene inhibitors or nasal antihistamine 3_ refractory - oral corticosteroid refer to specialist
41
effects of histamine
pruritis sneezing rhinorrhea conjuctival symptoms respiratory symptoms systemic symptoms minimal effect on congestion
42
loratidine, fexophenidin, ceterizine, levoceterizine
second gen antihistamine
43
leukotriene inhibitors
never primary tx for allergic rhinitis - always adjunct for antihistamine minimal side effects
44
singulair, accolate
leukotrience inhibitor
45
topical nasal steroid agents for allergic rhinitis
nasonex flonase veramyse nasacort
46
omalizumab
anti IgE antibody -- used for allergic rhinitis 20,000/year so rarely used
47
tx of allergic rhibitis - list
allergen avoidance pharmaco - oral antihisatmine, oral decongestants, nasal antihistamine, nasal corticosteroid, ocular antiallegics/anithistamines specific immunotx
48
nivolumab
fully human IgG4 anti-human Pd-1 blocking Ab - high affinity for PD1 20% with lung cancer respond -- limited to those expressing PD-L1 on their tumors

random (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions