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Pathology > Pulmo, USMLE > Flashcards

Pulmo, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Classic triad of fat emboli

A

1) Hypoxemia
2) Neurologic abnormalities
3) Petechial rash

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2
Q

Petechia vs purpura: Size

A

Petechiae less than 5mm; purpura >5mm

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3
Q

Type of embolus associated with DIC

A

Amniotic fluid

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4
Q

Majority of pulmonary emboli arise from

A

Deep leg vein

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5
Q

Hallmark of obstructive lung diseases

A

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

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6
Q

3 months that define chronic bronchitis should be consecutive

A

F

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7
Q

Cyanosis in chronic bronchitis is due to

A

Early-onset hypoxemia due to shunting

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8
Q

T/F Dyspnea of chronic bronchitis is early in onset

A

F

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9
Q

Asthma: I/E ratio

A

Decreased

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10
Q

Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi

A

Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

COPD associated with poor ciliary motility

A

Bronchiectasis

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12
Q

COPD associated with cystic fibrosis

A

Bronchiectasis

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13
Q

COPD associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

Restrictive lung disease characterised by bilateral hilar LN and noncaseating granuloma

A

Sarcoidosis

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15
Q

Coal miner lung

A

Anthracosis

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16
Q

Lung disease due to respond of macrophages to foreign substance resulting in release of fibrogenic factors

A

Silicosis

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17
Q

Lung disease associated with shipbuilding, roofing, and plumbing

A

Asbestosis

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18
Q

Pnemoconioses that affect the upper lobes

A

1) Anthracosis

2) Silicosis

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19
Q

Pnemoconioses that affect the lower lobes

A

Asbestosis

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20
Q

Pneumoconioses: Foundries, sandblasting, and mines

A

Silicosis

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21
Q

Pneumoconioses: Increase susceptibility to TB

A

Silicosis

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22
Q

Pneumoconioses: Lower lobes

A

Asbestosis

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23
Q

Pneumoconioses: Eggshell calcification of hilar LN

A

Silicosis

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24
Q

Pneumoconioses: Increase risk for bronchogenic CA

A

1) Silicosis

2) Asbestosis

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25
Pneumoconioses: Ivory white calcified pleural plaques
Asbestosis
26
Pneumoconioses: T/F ivory white plaques are pathognomonic of asbestosis
T
27
Pneumoconioses: T/F ivory white plaques are premalignant
F
28
Pneumoconioses: Increases incidence of mesothelioma
Asbestosis
29
Pneumoconioses: Golden-brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells
Asbestosis
30
L/S ratio predictive of neonatal RDS
Less than 1.5
31
T/F Neonatal RDS carries a higher risk of PDA
T, due to low O2 tension
32
Neonatal RDS: Complications of therapeutic O2
1) ROP | 2) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
33
Neonatal RDS: Risk factors for neonatal RDS besides prematurity (2)
1) Maternal DM due to elevated fetal insulin | 2) CS delivery due to decreased release of feral glucocorticoids
34
Initial damage in ARDS is due to (3)
1) Release of neutrophilic substances 2) Activation of coagulation cascade 3) O2-derived free radicals
35
Repeated cessation of breathing >10 seconds during sleep
Sleep apnea
36
Central vs obstructive sleep apnea: No respiratory effort
Central
37
Central vs obstructive sleep apnea: Respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Obstructive
38
Most common cancer of the lung
Metastatic
39
Most common cancers that metastasize to the lung (4)
1) Breast 2) Colon 3) Prostate 4) Bladder
40
Most common sites of metastases of lung CA (4)
1) Adrenals 2) Brain 3) Bone 4) Liver
41
All lung cancers are associated with smoking except
1) Bronchoalveolar | 2) Bronchial carcinoid
42
Lung CA: k-ras mutation
AdenoCA
43
Lung CA: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
AdenoCA
44
Lung CA: CXR shows hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia
AdenoCA
45
Lung CA: Cavitation
Squamous cell CA
46
Lung CA: Hypercalcemia due to PTHrp
Squamous cell CA
47
Lung CA: Undifferentiated hence very aggressive
Small cell
48
Lung CA: Excellent prognosis
1) AdenoCA | 2) Bronchial carcinoid
49
Lung CA: Oat cell CA
Small cell
50
Lung CA: Salt and pepper nucleus
Small cell
51
Lung CA: Symptoms usually due to mass effect
Bronchial carcinoid
52
Lung CA: Most common in nonsmokers
AdenoCA
53
Lung CA: Apparent thickening of alveolar walls
AdenoCA
54
Lung CA: Most commonly associated with smoking
Squamous cell CA
55
Lung CA: Intercellular bridges
Squamous cell CA
56
Lung CA: ACTH, ADH, Antibodies against presynaptic CA channels
Small cell CA
57
Lung CA: Lambert-Eaton syndrome
Small cell CA
58
Lung CA: Amplification of myc oncogenes
Small cell CA
59
Lung CA: Highly anapaestic undifferentiated tumor
Large cell
60
Lung CA: Less responsive to chemo
Large cell
61
Lung CA: Surgical removal
Large cell
62
Lung CA: Inoperable, treated with chemo
Small cell CA
63
Lung CA: Klutchisky cell, small dark blue cells
Small cell CA
64
Lung CA: Neoplasm of neuroendocrine cells
1) Small cell CA (Klutchisky) | 2) Bronchial carcinoid (Chromogranin (+) cells)
65
Lung CA: Serotonin secretion
Bronchial carcinoid (carcinoid syndrome!)
66
Carcinoid syndrome
Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea
67
Lung CA: Chromogranin (+)
Bronchial carcinoid
68
Lung CA: Hemorrhagic pleural effusion and pleural thickening
Mesothelioma
69
Lung CA: Pleural
Mesothelioma
70
Lung CA: Affects cervical sympathetic nucleus
Pancoast
71
Lung CA: Psammoma bodies
Mesothelioma
72
T/F SVC syndrome is a medical emergency
T
73
Causative agents of bronchopneumonia
1) S. pneumoniae 2) H. influenzae 3) S. aureus 4) Klebsiella
74
Causative agents of lung abscess
1) S. aureus | 2) Anaerobes
75
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Type of hypersensitivity
Mixed type III/IV
76
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Population (2)
1) Farmers | 2) Exposed to birds
77
Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: CHF
Transudative
78
Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: Malignancy
Exudative
79
Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: Collagen vascular disease
Exudative
80
Vessel injured in chylothorax
Thoracic duct
81
Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Tall, thin, young males
Spontaneous
82
Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Trauma
Tension
83
Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Lung infection
Tension

Pathology (14 decks)

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