pulmonary

Question 1

Explain how air is moved in and out of the lungs (structure and function)

Answer 1

ventilation is the supply O2 to working muscles and others cells to be used for ATP resynthesis also to remove CO2 (produced from metabolism and maintaining acid base balance

Question 2

Describe pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

Pulmonary ventilation refers to movement of air into Vi and out of Ve the lungs (in exercise we primarily measure Ve (products of frequency and tidal volume))

Question 3

calculate pulmonary ventilation

Answer 3

Ve= F(breaths/mintues*Vt(liters/breath)}= L/min

Question 4

Describe the parameters of gas exchange (Fick’s Law of Diffusion) (1)

Answer 4

Directly proportional:
To the tissue surface area
Pressure differential on each side of the membrane
A diffusion constant

Question 5

Describe the parameters of gas exchange (Fick’s Law of Diffusion) (2)

Answer 5

Inversely proportional
Tissue thickness

Question 6

Describe how oxygen is transported in the blood including the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 6

-Once gas exchange happens (diffusive) we must transport oxygen via blood to its destination
-Oxygen is carried in two easy 1. O2 molecules dissolve in the blood 2. Bound to hemoglobin

Question 7

dissolved in blood

Answer 7

For each mmhg of PO2 there is 0.003 ml O2 per 100 ml blood
PaO2 has 0.3 per 100ml

Question 8

Hemoglobin facts

Answer 8

4 binding sites
~20ml of O2 per 100ml of blood
Increasing inffinity for O2 as sites become bound (cooperative binding)
Sigmoidal

Question 9

top of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 9

Large drop in Po2 results in small change in % saturation

Question 10

middle of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 10

Smaller drops in PO2 result in a larger change in % saturation

Question 11

bottom of oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 11

Largest drop in % saturation for similar change in PO2

Question 12

leftward cure

Answer 12

Increase pH
Decrease temp and PCO2

Question 13

rightward cure

Answer 13

increase temp and PCO2 and decrease in pH

Question 14

why is there a decrease in oxygen affinty during exercise

Answer 14

These conditions decrease O2 affinity fro hemoglobin this is a good thing because we want infinity to be high in the lungs so it can be bound and transported and low in the muscle so it can diffuse into the mitochondria

Question 15

how to calculate partial pressure

Answer 15

Partial pressure = force exerted by the gas molecules against the surface they encounter
=% concentrations total pressure of gas mixture

Question 16

PO2 of atmospheric air at sea level

Answer 16

=room air concentration x barometric pressure at sea level
=0.2093x 760 =159 mmhg

Question 17

A gas will diffuse through a tissue at a rate that is inversely proportion to what?

Answer 17

tissue thickness

Question 18

Alveolar ventilation is due

Answer 18

anatomical dead space(cause not all air to pass through go thorough gas exchange

Question 19

physiological dead space

Answer 19

the portion of the alveoli that are not well perfused with air and not fully involved in gas exchange