Flashcards in pulmonary Deck (28)
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1
What are the 5 parts of the lower respiratory tract?
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli
2
What regulates automatic respiration?
brainstem
3
what affects voluntary ventiliation?
cerebral cortex
4
Gu qi + Zong qi = ??
Zhen qi
5
what are the four primary volumes that make up total lung capacity
Tidal Volume (TV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Residual Volume (RV)
6
Define Tidal Volume.
Under resting conditions, 500 mls of air enter and leave the lungs w/each breath
7
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume?
3100 mls. After a normal quiet inspiration, a person inspires as much air as possible. The volume above tidal volume = IRV
8
Define Expiratory Reserve Volume?
1200 mls - after a nomal expiration, a person can force out approx. 1 liter of air.
9
Define Residual Volume
1200 mls. The volume of air remaining after a forced expiration is the residual volume
10
Define Inspiratory capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume. 3600 ml
11
Define functional residual capacity
Residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume - 2400 ml
12
define vital capacity
tidal volume + inspiratory + expieratory reserve volumes - 4800 mls
13
define total lung capacity
vital capacity + residual volume - 6000 ml
14
define spirometry
measures the amount and rate of air a person breathes in order to diagnose illness or determine progress in treatment
15
what is FEV 1
forced expiratory volume in 1 second - the volume of air that is forcefully exhaled in one second
16
What is obstructive disease pattern?
an obstructive disorder refers to any disease that affects the lumen of the airways
17
Name two obstructive disorders
asthma and chronic bronchitis
18
define asthma
a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is characterized by episodes of cough, wheezing and dyspnea
19
What are the 3 significant physiological changes with asthma?
bronchoconstriction
inflammation/edema
increased mucus production
20
Define air trapping
increased smooth muscle tone during an asthma attack means the airways close @ abnormally high lung volumes, trapping air behind occluded or narrowed small airways. Therefore one breathes at the top of ones lung capacity over a mass of stagnant air that can't be exhaled.
21
What 2 conditions is barrel chest associated?
Emphysema and lung hyperinflation
22
What produces mucus with asthma?
Goblet cells and submucosal glands
23
What do you do when a spirometry test is negative but asthma is suspected?
Methacholine Challenge = a positive test = FEV 1 of at least 20% at exposure to a dose of 16 mg/ml or less.
24
Define Peak expiratory flow
a handheld device designed as a home monitoring tool used to base treatment decisions
25
what is mild intermittent asthma
1) Sx < 2x/wk
2) asymptomatic and normal PEF betw exacerbations
3) exacerbations are brief
4) night time sx < 2x/wk
26
define mild persistent asthma
1) sx > 2x/wk but < 1 time/day
2) exacerbations may affect activity
3) Night sx > 2x/wk
27
define moderate persistent asthma
1) Daily symptoms.
2) Daily use of inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonist.
3) Exacerbations affect activity.
4) Night time Sx >1 times per week.
28
