pulmonary

Question 1

What are the 5 parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 1

larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 2

What regulates automatic respiration?

Answer 2

brainstem

Question 3

what affects voluntary ventiliation?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex

Question 4

Gu qi + Zong qi = ??

Answer 4

Zhen qi

Question 5

what are the four primary volumes that make up total lung capacity

Answer 5

Tidal Volume (TV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Residual Volume (RV)

Question 6

Define Tidal Volume.

Answer 6

Under resting conditions, 500 mls of air enter and leave the lungs w/each breath

Question 7

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume?

Answer 7

3100 mls. After a normal quiet inspiration, a person inspires as much air as possible. The volume above tidal volume = IRV

Question 8

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume?

Answer 8

1200 mls - after a nomal expiration, a person can force out approx. 1 liter of air.

Question 9

Define Residual Volume

Answer 9

1200 mls. The volume of air remaining after a forced expiration is the residual volume

Question 10

Define Inspiratory capacity

Answer 10

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume. 3600 ml

Question 11

Define functional residual capacity

Answer 11

Residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume - 2400 ml

Question 12

define vital capacity

Answer 12

tidal volume + inspiratory + expieratory reserve volumes - 4800 mls

Question 13

define total lung capacity

Answer 13

vital capacity + residual volume - 6000 ml

Question 14

define spirometry

Answer 14

measures the amount and rate of air a person breathes in order to diagnose illness or determine progress in treatment

Question 15

what is FEV 1

Answer 15

forced expiratory volume in 1 second - the volume of air that is forcefully exhaled in one second

Question 16

What is obstructive disease pattern?

Answer 16

an obstructive disorder refers to any disease that affects the lumen of the airways

Question 17

Name two obstructive disorders

Answer 17

asthma and chronic bronchitis

Question 18

define asthma

Answer 18

a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is characterized by episodes of cough, wheezing and dyspnea

Question 19

What are the 3 significant physiological changes with asthma?

Answer 19

bronchoconstriction
inflammation/edema
increased mucus production

Question 20

Define air trapping

Answer 20

increased smooth muscle tone during an asthma attack means the airways close @ abnormally high lung volumes, trapping air behind occluded or narrowed small airways. Therefore one breathes at the top of ones lung capacity over a mass of stagnant air that can’t be exhaled.

Question 21

What 2 conditions is barrel chest associated?

Answer 21

Emphysema and lung hyperinflation

Question 22

What produces mucus with asthma?

Answer 22

Goblet cells and submucosal glands

Question 23

What do you do when a spirometry test is negative but asthma is suspected?

Answer 23

Methacholine Challenge = a positive test = FEV 1 of at least 20% at exposure to a dose of 16 mg/ml or less.

Question 24

Define Peak expiratory flow

Answer 24

a handheld device designed as a home monitoring tool used to base treatment decisions

Question 25

what is mild intermittent asthma

Answer 25

1) Sx < 2x/wk 2) asymptomatic and normal PEF betw exacerbations 3) exacerbations are brief 4) night time sx < 2x/wk

Question 26

define mild persistent asthma

Answer 26

1) sx > 2x/wk but < 1 time/day 2) exacerbations may affect activity 3) Night sx > 2x/wk

Question 27

define moderate persistent asthma

Answer 27

1) Daily symptoms. 2) Daily use of inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonist. 3) Exacerbations affect activity. 4) Night time Sx >1 times per week.

Question 28

define severe persistent asthma

Answer 28

1) Continual symptoms 2) Limited physical activity 3) Frequent exacerbations 4) Night time sx are frequent