Pulmonary - Auscultation and Circulation Flashcards
(23 cards)
If pt has little atelectases, during auscultation you will hear
Rales or Crackles as the alveoli fill with air (they are stuck together)
If you hear crackles and then have pt use a incentive spirometer, what sound to you think you will hear after
hopefully you will not hear crackles or rales because they were able to re-inflate the alveoli
What would you hear if there is a large collapse (pneumo or effusion)
breath sounds would be absent or diminished, what you hear is air and there is no air getting down there
3 roles of pulmonary circulaton
- facilitates gas exchange
- delivers nutrients to lung tissue
- filters debris from circulation
How do pulmonary arteries enter each lung and then what happens
Pulmonary arteries enter each lung at its hilus and branch and subdivide to accompany the bronchioles
What is responsible for regulating blood flow through the capillary beds
arterioles
At the terminal bronchioles what do the arterioles form
a network of capillaries around the alveoli
Alveoli and capillaries share a membrane 1 cell thick
gas exchange occurs across this membrane
What do pulmonary veins do?
Carry oxygenated blood through the hilus and into the left atrium
*How long does a normal blood cell spend in the capillary next to the alveoli
3/4 of a second
What are the 4 parts of respiration physiology
- ventilation
- respiration
- diffusion
- perfusion
What is ventilation
THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS
This is not gas exchange
What is the initial phase of respiration
Ventilation
What are we measuring when we are counting RR
The ventilator rate
What is respiraton
Gas Exchange
O2 in from the atm is delivered to body cells and tissue
CO2 is collected from the cells and dispelled into the atmosphere
What is diffusion
movement of gases between alveoli and blood
air diffuses via pressure gradients
What is perfusion
The passage of fluid through the lymphatic system or blood vessels to an organ or a tissue
Perfusion and the Lungs
Volume of blood pushed through pulmonary capillaries by heart
Without blood flow, no gas exchange can occur
What is shunting in the lungs
when blood flows through but is not oxygenated
*What is physiological shunting
Often from destructive lung disease, which compromises ventilation (think mucous buildup or scarring- that air can’t get down to alveolus)
*What is anatomical shunting
Blood bypasses lungs due to an anatomical defect (remember ASDs and VSDs)
*Why is shunting a big deal
The blood goes back to the tissues and it is not oxygenated.
4 steps for blood transport of O2
1) Ventilation of lungs
2) Diffusion of O2 from alveoli → pulm
capillary
3) Perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
4) Diffusion of O2 from systemic capillaries into cells
4 STEPS FOR GAS TRANSPORT CO2
1) Diffusion of CO2 from cells to systemic capillaries
2) Perfusion of pulmonary capillary bed by venous blood
3) Diffusion of CO2 into alveoli
4) Ventilation of lungs expels CO2
