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CardioPulm - Lungs > Objective Measures of Pulmonary Function > Flashcards

Objective Measures of Pulmonary Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is a PFT

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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2
Q

RR nl for adult and neonate

A

Adult- 10-20

Neonate 30-40

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3
Q

Pulse oximeter optimal level

A

> 95

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4
Q

Pulse ox, when should you change your intervention

A

<90

remember the steep drop off bc of the dissociation curve

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5
Q

Pulse ox, when should you stop activity

A

<85

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6
Q

Can you do chest percussion to someone with a pneumothorax

A

NO, it is a contraindication - it might make the pneumothorax bigger

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7
Q

Two ways to treat a pneumothorax

A

Chest tube if it is big
or
DBE

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8
Q

When might you see a pneumothorax and who is at high risk

A
  • May be seen post surgically
  • May result from a stab wound or MVA
  • Can occur spontaneously

At high risk:
Very tall, thin people
People with connective tissue disease like Marfan’s
People with dz that leads to blebs and bullae like CF

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9
Q

What are V-Q scans

A

It is how we decide if we have equal ventilation and perfusion in equal measure

Tests reveal how alveolar ventilation and pulmonary perfusion are matched

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10
Q

How are V-Q scans done

A

The subject inhales xenon gas and then holds his/her breath while photoscintigrams – ventilation scans – are taken

To measure perfusion in lungs, the subject receives an IV injection of radioactive iodine and photoscintigrams – perfusion scans – are taken

Then you put the two test together

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11
Q

What is the symbol for perfusion

A

Q

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12
Q

What are V-Q scans diagnostic for

A

Can be diagnostic for Blood Clots or SHUNTING

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13
Q

What other test might be done if you have a V-Q mismatching

A

D-Dimer

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14
Q

How is D-dimer produced

A

D-Dimer is produced when fibrin degrades

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15
Q

How is a D-Dimer test scored

A

A negative score virtually rules out thromboembolism

A positive score indicates the possibility of DVT or PE

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16
Q

A PFT provides information on, and can help determine (4 points)

A
  • Provide information regarding the integrity of the airways
  • Help to determine if a patient has obstructive or restrictive lung disease
  • Used by insurance companies to determine whether someone qualifies for pulmonary rehab
  • Provide an objective measure for improvement or decline
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17
Q

How is a PFT done and what is used to do a PFT

A

A simple spirometer is used to obtain lung capacities

A graphic tracing called a spirogram is used to interpret test results

For testing, the patient sits upright with a clip
over the nose

The patient breathes in the spirometer through a tight-fitting mouthpiece

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18
Q

What is a tracing

A

A graphic tracing called a spirogram is used to interpret test results of the PFT

19
Q

What are the 8 things that a spirogram measures

A

TLC - Total lung capacity

VC - Vital capacity

RV - Residual volume

IC - Inspiratory Capacity

FRC - Functional reserve capacity

IRV - Inspiratory reserve volume

TV - Tidal volume

ERV - Expiratory reserve volume

20
Q

What is TLC

A

total lung capacity - everything together

21
Q

What is VC

A

Vital capacity is the IRV + TV + ERV

22
Q

What is RV

A

Residual volume - amount of air that doesn’t leave lungs

you do not want lungs to be empty

23
Q

What is IC

A

Inspiratory Capacity is your TV plus your IRV

24
Q

What is FRC

A

It is the RV+the ERV

25
What is TV
Tidal Volume - breathing in and out
26
What is ERV
Expiratory reserve volume - it is how much you can exhale past the tidal volume
27
What happens to the RV of someone who has an air trapping disease
Their RV gets very big
28
How are the results of spirogram measures reported
in percentages - this helps take into account age and size
29
How does the performance that someone gives on a PFT tell you if the person has normal function
Performance is compared to a huge data base of age and size matched controls If accurate it will reveal what % of normal function a person has
30
Can someone have a VC above 100%
Yes, it just means the person went above the norm. ex: olympic swimmer is likely to be above 100%
31
A PFT tracing gives you a ...
visual picture of airflow and volume
32
What would a PFT look like for person with an obstruction
If a person has and obstructive disease it is going to take them longer to breath out so you will get a concavity
33
What would a PFT look like for person with a restrictive disease
Looks like a normal shape but everything is smaller
34
What is normal IC between
3000 and 4000ml
35
What does FVC stand for and what is it
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled as quickly as possible
36
What would cause the FVC to change
Obstructive disease
37
FEV1, what is it and what are the normal and abnormal values
Volume of air that can be forcefully expired in the first second of a FVC An FEV1 > 2.0 liters is normal An FEV1 < 1.0 liter is considered indicative of severe obstruction
38
Can you measure RV using a spirometer
NO
39
How do you measure RV
Either the subject is measured using an air-tight booth and pressure changes are recorded as the subject breathes or The subject inhales a small amount of an inert gas like helium and residual volume is calculated based on how much is expired
40
Would someone with COPD have a RV greater than 100% or less than 100%
Greater bc air is trapped
41
FEV1/FVC, how is it different than other readings, what is it measuring and what is the nl
FEV1/FVC is different than the other readings Most values are converted to percentages, after comparison to matched norms FEV1/FVC is already reported as a percentage so we look at the raw number (80% is ≈ nl) How much you can get out in one second verses how much you can get out completely
42
FEV1/FVC, how is it different than other readings, what is it measuring and what is the nl
FEV1/FVC is different than the other readings Most values are converted to percentages, after comparison to matched norms FEV1/FVC is already reported as a percentage so we look at the raw number (80% is ≈ nl) How much you can get out in one second verses how much you can get out completely
43
Is FEV1/FEC more useful with restrictive or obstructive disease and why
Obstructive Disease! obstructive disease everything is smaller so you might get the same ratio out but everything is reduced
44
What FEV1/FVC percentage is our value to justify services
60% or less is the value often used as criteria to justify services

CardioPulm - Lungs (7 decks)

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