Pulmonary Function Testing

Question 1

Volume of air inhaled/exhaled during normal breathing

Answer 1

Tidal Volume (Vt)

Question 2

Maximal volume of air which can be inhaled after inhaling a normal Tidal volume

Answer 2

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Question 3

Maximum volume of air exhaled after exhaling normal tidal breath

Answer 3

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 4

Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation

Answer 4

Residual volume (RV)

Question 5

Capacity which includes IRV+Vt

Answer 5

Inspiratory Capacity

Question 6

Capacity which includes RV+ERV

Answer 6

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 7

Capacity which includes IC+Vt+ERV

Answer 7

Vital Capacity

Question 8

Capacity which includes RV+Vt+ERV+RV

Answer 8

Total lung capacity

Question 9

What are the 5 main PFTs

Answer 9

Spirometry
Lung volumes and capacities
Diffusion studies
Bronchial Provocation
Stress Testing

Question 10

What measurement will tell you if a pt has an obstructive dz of the medium to small airways?

Answer 10

FEF 25%-75%

Question 11

What measurement evaluates the larger upper airways?

Answer 11

FEF 200-1200

Question 12

ATS standards for accuracy regarding Flow vs Volume

Answer 12

Volume has to be <3% error or 50mL

Flow has to be 95% or 0.2L/sec

Question 13

An SVC reading that is greater than the FVC value would be indicative of what?

Answer 13

Airway OBSTRUCTION

Question 14

What does it mean when it says its measured in ATPS

Answer 14

It measures ambient temp,pressure, and water saturation

**AKA measures at room temp, room pressure, ect

Question 15

When looking at a flow-volume loop, where can you locate the flow and volume?

Answer 15

Flow will be on vertical axis in LITERS/SECOND

Volume on horizontal axis in LITERS

Question 16

What are the spirometry tests?

Answer 16

FVC, SVC, MVV

Question 17

definition of back extrapolated volume

Answer 17

When beginning the forced exhalation, it is the amount of air that is exhaled slowly before forced exhalation begins

Question 18

What value compares the amount of air exhaled in 1 second to total amount of exhaled air during a FVC

Answer 18

FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 19

When looking at a flow-volume loop, where can you locate the flow and volume?

Answer 19

Flow will be on vertical axis in LITERS/SECOND

Volume on horizontal axis in LITERS

Question 20

What test maneuver can result in back-extrapolated volume?

Answer 20

FVC

Question 21

definition of back extrapolated volume

Answer 21

When beginning the forced exhalation, it is the amount of air that is exhaled slowly before forced exhalation begins

Question 22

Which values cannot be obtained from normal spirometry?

Answer 22

RV, TLC, and FRC

Question 23

What are signs that you shouldn’t do the methacholine test?

Answer 23

Wheezing, dyspnea, unstable cardiac, low PaO2

**Probably meaning <40mmHG PaO2

Question 24

When should a nitrogen wash out be done?

Answer 24

AFTER a methacholine test was performed and came back normal but pt is still experiencing asthma like symptoms

Question 25

Which of the gas dilution techniques are closed system vs open system?

Answer 25

Nitrogen wash out is open system while the helium dilution is a closed system

Question 26

N2 wash out summary

Answer 26

Pt will breath 100% oxygen and a **nitrogen analyzer in the circuit monitors the nitrogen concentrations. measurement starts at resting exhalation. This will allow you to assess the RV****

Question 27

What are signs that you shouldn't fdo the methacholine test?

Answer 27

Wheezing, dyspnea, unstable cardiac, low PaO2 | **Probably meaning <40mmHG PaO2

Question 28

What are the four ways that the Nitrogen wash test is over?

Answer 28

``` 1 nitrogen levels are 1-3% or less 2 leak has occured 3 pt cannot continue 4 test reaches 7 minutes ***If you need to repeat the test after the 7 minute mark....you need to wait at least 15 minutes ```

Question 29

The nitrogen wash test reporting higher values is indicative of what?

Answer 29

Impaired air distribution (air trapping) | DOES NOT MEASURE TRAPPING only calculates air trapping

Question 30

N2 wash out summary

Answer 30

Pt will breath 100% oxygen and a **nitrogen analyzer in the circuit monitors the nitrogen concentrations

Question 31

If you are performing an N2 washout test and you notice a marked increase of exhaled Nitrogen, what should you do?

Answer 31

This is indicative of a leak and the test must be repeated.

Question 32

What are the three ways that the Nitrogen wash test is over?

Answer 32

1 nitrogen levels are 1-3% or less 2 leak has occured 3 pt cannot continue

Question 33

What is the maximum length of time that a Nitrogen wash can go?

Answer 33

7 minutes

Question 34

Which test can evaluate airway resistance and compliance

Answer 34

Body Plethysmography