Pulmonary Infection Flashcards
(148 cards)
Most host defense mechanisms in the airways exist at what levels
Pharynx, trachea, central bronchi
Once the organisms penetrate the lung parenchyma, what is or are activated? Cellular immunity? Humoral? Or both?
Both
3 potential routes responsible for producing pneumonia
Via the tracheobronchial tree, pulmonary vasculature or via direct spread from infection in the mediastinum, chest wall or upper abdomen
3 radiographic patterns of pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia, lobular or bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia
Typical of pneumococcal pulmonary infection. In this pattern of disease, the inflammatory exudate begins within the distal airspaces
Lobar pneumonia
Inflammatory process (pathophysiology) in lobar pneumonia
Spreads via the pores of Kohn and canals of Lambert to produce nonsegmental consolidation
Most common pattern of disease and is most typical of staphylococcal pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Radiographically, at appears as multifocal opacities that are roughly lobular in configuration produce a “patchwork quilt” appearance because of the interspersion of normal and diseased lobules
Bronchopneumonia
In the early stages of bronchopneumonia, the inflammation is centered primarily
In and around lobular bronchi
Pattern of pneumonia most often the result of viral and mycoplasma pulmonary infection, there is inflammatory thickening of bronchiolar and alveolar walls and pulmonary interstitium
Atypical pneumonia
Segmental and subsegmental atelectasis from small airways obstruction is common in this pattern of pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia
At what part of the lungs is severely affected by hematogeneous spread of infection
Lung bases
Patterns of disease in strep pneumoniae, legionella, klebsiella and haemophilis influenzae
Lobar/sublobar consolidation and air bronchograms
Patterns of disease in staph aureus, pseudomonas, e. Coli, anaerobes, actinomyces
Lobular/patchy consolidation, absence of air bronchograms, bronchial wall thickening
Pattern of disease in mycoplasma and chlamydia
Ill-defined nodular/patchy opacities, reticular opacities, bronchial wall thickening
Pattern of disease in nocardia
Nodules/masses and consolidation
Pathogen common in elderly, alcoholics, compromised hosts, sickle disease and patients who had undergone splenectomy
Streptococcus pneumonia
Pathogen of pneumonia that tends to begin in the lower lobes or the posterior segments of upper lobes
Pneumococcal pneumonia
2 forms of tb that are recognized clinically and radiographically
Primary tb and postprimary or reactivation disease
Tuberculosis differs from normal response to bacterial organism, in that it involves
Cell-mediated immunity (delayed hypersensitivity)
typical radiographic appearance of acute pneumococcal pneumonia
lobar consolidation
cavitation in pneumococcal pneumonia is rare, with the exception of infections caused by what serotype
serotype 3
important cause of nosocomial pneumonia, and typically affects debilitated patients
staphylococcus aureus
pathogen responsible for hematogeneous spread to the lungs in patients with endocarditis or indwelling catheters and IV drug users
staph aureus