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CABS pulmonology > pulmonary infectious disorders > Flashcards

pulmonary infectious disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is included with the pulmonary microbiome

A

preveotella
veilonella
streptococcus

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2
Q

What is pneumonia

A

infection within the lung tissue

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3
Q

How is pneumonia spread

A

inhilation
hematogenous
aspiration

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4
Q

Who is at higher risk for aspiration pneumonia

A

Patients with a decreased cough reflex

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of increased bacterial load within the lungs

A

microaspiration

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6
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia

A

strep pneumonia
H. influenza
mycoplasma pneumonia

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7
Q

Which type of pneumonia is associated with otitis media and pharyngitis

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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8
Q

what is the structure of mycobacteria

A

thick lipid cell wall that creates a waxy layer

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9
Q

What does the waxy layer on mycobacteria allow for

A

allows for bacteria to form granulomas

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10
Q

How is TB transmitted

A

aerosolized droplets

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11
Q

When does a TB test become positive after exposure

A

3 weeks

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12
Q

How does the body react to TB inhalation

A

Will phagocytize the bacteria and form a chronic granuloma to encase the infection

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of TB

A

Cough
hemoptysis
pleuritic pain
night sweats
weight loss
fatigue

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14
Q

What are the stages of TB

A

Primary TB
Progressive primary TB
Latent phase
Reactivation

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15
Q

When does primary TB occur

A

Initial symptoms post exposure (roughly 3 weeks)

Granuloma is formed and caseous necrosis happens

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16
Q

What is progressive primary TB

A

New TB infection or newly active disease

may be asymptomatic

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17
Q

What is the reactivation phase of TB

A

this is the stage where the classic symptoms present

18
Q

How do you test for TB

A

Acid fast stain

19
Q

What is extra pulmonary TB

A

milliary TB: bacteremic infection that spreads to other tissues

20
Q

How does TB typically spread within the body and to where

A

Primary via lymphatics and primarily to the lung apices

21
Q

What is bronchitis

A

inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract

22
Q

What generally causes bronchitis

A

virus

23
Q

Who is bronchiolitis most common in

A

kiddos

24
Q

What is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

25
Q

What is the most common organism for epiglottitis

A

S aureus
S pneumonia

26
Q

What viral causes can cause epiglottitis

A

Flu
Herpes
EBV
HIV

27
Q

What factors outside of infections that can cause epiglottitis

A

Thermal burns
trauma

28
Q

What sound will occur when someone has epiglottitis

A

Stridor

29
Q

Will inflammation from epiglottitis travel inferior to the vocal cords?

A

no

30
Q

What is the epiglottitis triad

A

Drooling
Dysphagia
Distress

31
Q

What is pertussis

A

Aerobic, gram negative with no known animal reservoirs

32
Q

What is pertussis virulence factors

A

They encourage attachment to ciliated epithelial cells within the trachea and bronchi

33
Q

What is pertussis toxin

A

Assists with binding and gaining entry into the epithelial cells

34
Q

What does the pertussis toxin cause

A

histamine sensitization
increased insulin synthesis

35
Q

What is Filamentous hemagglutinin

A

Surface protein pili that will help with adhesiveness

36
Q

What do pertussis surface proteins help with

A

Allows for velcro effect to epithelial cells and erythrocytes

37
Q

What does cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase do

A

impairs chemotaxis and weakens phagocytosis of host cells

38
Q

What is tracheal cytotoxin

A

Destroys ciliated epithelial cells

Body becomes unable to clear mucus and bacteria

39
Q

How is pertussis transmitted

A

Inhalation or respiratory droplets

40
Q

What does pertussis toxin bind to

A

any mammalian cell and modulates a host immune response

41
Q

What is another name for pertussis

A

whooping cough

42
Q

What are the stages of whooping cough

A

catarrhal stage (1-2wks)
*pt most contagious in this stage

Paroxysmal stage
*cough becomes very prominent, vomiting an hypoxia are common

Convalescent stage
*pt. no longer contagious

CABS pulmonology (8 decks)

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