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CPR Final Exam > Pulmonary Physiology Topics > Flashcards

Pulmonary Physiology Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A
  • Intrathoracic pressure , includes pressure throughout the thorax except in lumens of blood vessels lymphatics or airways
  • Another way to think of it is the hydrostatic pressure within the pleural cavity
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2
Q

What is intrapleural pressure (PPL) at rest?

A
  • -5 cm H2O
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3
Q

What happens to PPL during inspiration?

A
  • The volume increases so intrapleural pressure decreases to near -8 cm H2O
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4
Q

What happens to alveolar pressure as the thoracic cavity increases?

A
  • pressure in alveoli decreases
  • At rest its 0 cm H20 and at the end of inspiration its -1 cm H20
  • This forces air to enter the lungs
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5
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

The difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure

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6
Q

What is alveolar pressure (Palv)?

A
  • pressure within the alveoli exerted by air molecules
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7
Q

What happens to pressure and air movement as the lung volume increases?

A
  • The lung volume increases so the pressure goes down
  • Pressure flows from high to low so now air will enter the lungs
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8
Q

What happens to pressure and air movement as lung volume decreases?

A
  • Volume has decreased so pressure will increase
  • Air will flow from high pressure to low so now it will move out
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9
Q

What is oxygens pressure in the atmosphere?

A

150 mm Hg

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10
Q

What is Palv at the end of inspiration?

A

-1 cm H2O

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11
Q

What is PTP? What should it be at rest?

A
  • Transpulmonary pressure is the pressure difference between aleveolar and pleural pressure
  • 5 cm H20 at rest
  • If it was 0 the lungs would be collapsed
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12
Q

During inspiration what is happening to Alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure on the pressure curves?

A
  • Alveolar pressure moves from 0 at rest to -1 cm H2O
  • The intrapleural pressure is moving from -5 cm H2O to -8 cm H2O
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13
Q

When the volume of the lungs has achieved Vt, its peak increase, what should the pressure values for Palv and Ppl be?

A
  • Alveolar pressure was at -1 mid inspiration, but now that we have ended inspiration we are back to 0 cm H2O
  • Intrapleural pressure has reached its maximum negative value of -8 cm H2O
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14
Q

What is happening to Palv and Ppl during mid expiration?

A
  • Palv is increasing from 0 to 1 cm H2O
  • Intrapleural pressure also begins to rise from -8 headed back to the resting -5 cm H2O
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15
Q

What is happening to Palv and Ppl at the end of expiration?

A
  • Palv has decreased to 0
  • Ppl has reached its resting value of -5
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16
Q

What is minute ventilation VE? Normal value?

A
  • volume of air inhaled every minute
  • VE= VT x frequency of breaths
  • 7L/ min
17
Q

Patient X has a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/minute and their tidal volume is normal. What is the minute ventilation?

A
  • 14 breaths/min x 500 ml/breath= 7,000 mL/ minute
18
Q

Patient Q has a tidal volume of 450 mL and a RR of 15 breaths/min. What is the minute ventilation ?

A
  • 15 breaths/minute x (0.450 L)= 6.75 L/ minute
19
Q

With an OLD what happens to RV, TLC, FVC, FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC?

A
  • RV: increases (its hard to push air out)
  • TLC: increases
  • FVC: decreases (again exhaling forcefully is difficult)
  • FEV1: decreases (amount of air exhaled in 1st sec of FVC)
  • Ratio: decreased
20
Q

With an RLD what happens to RV, TLC, FVC, FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC

A
  • RV: decreases
  • TLC: decrreases (hard to expand lungs)
  • FVC: decreases
  • FEV1: no change
  • Ratio: no change
21
Q

What is minute alveolar ventilation?

A
  • dead space minus tidal volume
  • should beValv= 500ml-150ml=350 ml
  • Now we take alveolar ventilation x frequency
22
Q

Emphysema has __lung compliance and ___ elastic recoil.

A

Emphysema has high lung compliance and low elastic recoil.

23
Q

Patients with fibrosis will have __lung compliance and ___ elastic recoil.

A

Patients with fibrosis will have low lung compliance and high elastic recoil.

24
Q

What is hysteresis? What does surfactant have to do with it?

A
  • Inflation of the lungs with saline which changes the pressure volume relationship and compliance is very high, the lungs nearly inflate and deflate the same
  • Surfactant reduces tension in smallest alveoli more than the larger alveoli
25
Q

What two forces does breathing have to overcome?

A
  • Elastic and resistance forces
26
Q

With a RLD what work changes, elastic or restrictive? What happens to RR?

A
  • Elastic work changes and the total amount of work for breathing is increased
  • Increase RR to overcome the fact lungs are harder to inflate

CPR Final Exam (16 decks)

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