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Pulmonary system Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is perfusion without ventilation called?

A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace

A

B. shunt

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2
Q

What is ventilation without perfusion called?

A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace

A

C. deadspace

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3
Q

What disorder has the instability of a portion of the chest wall?

A

Fail chest

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4
Q

What are some CM for fail chest? SATA

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. bradycardia
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion

A

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion

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5
Q

What is it called when there is presence of air or gas in plueral space.

a. asthma
b. tb
c. pneumothorax

A

c. pneumothorax

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6
Q

A patient comes in with pneumothorax. What are some CM the nurse is going to look for? SATA

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain
d. loud breath sounds on affected side

A

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain

there are decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side

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7
Q

a patient comes in with excess fluid in pleural space, what is this called?

a. pneumothorax
b. pleural effusion
c. empyema

A

b. pleural effusion

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8
Q

How can a patient get excess fluids on pleural space (pleural effusion) ?

A

from trauma, CV, OR pulmonary diease, malignancies

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9
Q

what CM will you see with a patient with pleural effusion?
SATA

a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
c. breath sounds on affected side
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain

A

a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain

there wont be any breath sounds on affected side

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10
Q

A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus. What abnormality is this?

a. empyema
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumothorax

A

a. empyema

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11
Q

What are some ways a patient can get Empyema?

A

pneumonia, surgery, trauma bronchial tumors

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12
Q

A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus (Empyema). What CM will the nurse probably see? SATA

a. bradycardia
b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough
j. jaundice

A

b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough

and pleuritic chest pain and decreased breath sounds on affected side

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13
Q

A patient comes in with fluid and solid particles in their lungs. What is this called?

a. atelectasis
b. pulmonary fibrous
c. aspiration

A

c. aspiration

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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors of Aspiration (fluid/food in the lungs)?

A
  • Altered LOC
  • Increased age
  • Depressed cough reflex
  • GERD (acid reflex)
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15
Q

What CM will you see in a patient with Aspiration?

A 
cough
fever
hypoxia
Increased RR
dyspnea
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16
Q

What is it called when a patient has a collapse of lung tissue?

a. aspiration
b. atelectasis
c. pulmonary edema

A

b. atelectasis

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17
Q

What causes atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)

A
  • alveoli lack full inflation
  • build up of secretions
  • collapse of alveoli
  • reduced gas exchange
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18
Q

CM of Atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Diminished BS
  • Productive cough
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
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19
Q

What is it called when there is excess fibrous or connective tissue in lungs?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

How can you get pulmary fibrosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Asbestosis exposure
  • SLE (lupus)
  • Idiopathic (most cases of pulmonary fibrosis, there is no cause)
21
Q

CM of Pulmonary fibrosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • DOE (dyspnea on exertion)
  • Inspiratory crackles
  • Hypoxemia (abnormal low amount of 02 in blood)
  • Hypercapnia (high amount of CO2 in blood)
  • Hypoventilation
22
Q

What is pulmonary edema

Study These Flashcards
A

Excess fluid in lungs

23
Q

How do you get pulmonary edema?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Left sided heart failure
  • capillary endothelium injury
  • lymph vessel blockage
24
Q

CM of pulmonary edema

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Dyspnea at rest
  • Anxiety
  • Inspiratory crackles
  • Tachycardia
  • Disorientation
  • Confusion
  • Pink frothy sputum
  • Hypoxemia
25
What is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways called?
Asthma
26
How can you get Asthma?
- Allergens - Irritant exposure - Risk factors: Obesity, GERD, chronic viral infx
27
CM of Asthma
- Expiratory wheezing - Dyspnea - Chest tightness - Non productive cough - Tachypnea - Tachycardia
28
What is chronic inflammatory response from inspired irritants called?
Chronic Bronchitis
29
How can somebody get Chronic Bronchitis?
- Smoking - occupation exposure - disrupted lung growth
30
CM of Chronic Bronchitis
- Productive cough - Dyspnea - Wheezing - Cyanosis - Polycythemia - Cor pulmonale
31
What is abnormal permanent enlargemnt of the gas-exchange airways after exposure to irritants called?
Emphysema
32
How does someone get Emphysema
- Smoking - Alpha antitrypsin deficiency - Occupation exposure
33
CM of Emphysema
``` Dyspnea Wheezing Barrel chest Club fingers Use of accessory muscles ```
34
What is Pneumonia
a lower repsiratory tract infection
35
How does someone get pneumonia?
- bacteria, virus, and fungi | - risk factors: Advance age; immunocompromised; immobility; abdominal surgery
36
CM of Pneumonia
- Bacterial; cough - Dyspnea - fever - Chills - elevated WBC
37
What is tuberculosis
Repsiratory tract infection
38
how does some get TB
- Primary: not previously exposed Airborne | - Secondary: reactivation
39
CM of TB
``` Low grade fever Cough night sweats Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Malaise Hemoptysis ```
40
What is a Pulmonary Embolus
Occlusions of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by a thrombus, embolus, tissue fragment, lipids, or an air bubble

41
How can someone get Pulmonary Embolus
Deep vein thrombosis
42
CM of Pulmonary embolus
``` Sudden onset of pleuritic pain Dyspnea Tachycardia Tachypnea Fever ```
43
What is pulmonary Hypertension
High blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs
44
How do you get pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic LHF COPD/ hypoxia Chronic pulmonary emboli
45
CM of Pulmonary Hypertension
``` Dyspnea Fatigue Cyanosis Edema Syncope Chest pain Palpitations ```

Patho (8 decks)

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