PULMONOLOGY Flashcards
(59 cards)
Newborn with inspiratory stridor and noisy
breathing; stridor improves in the prone position with head elevated and worsens in the supine position
Laryngomalacia (usually benign, self-limiting
and improves as the child reaches age 1–2 years)
What is the treatment for laryngomalacia?
Reassurance (careful observation and growth
monitoring)
Newborn with a hoarse voice, weak cry, and
biphasic stridor that is louder when awake.
Improves when positioned to be lying down on one side
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis
An infant with bulging anterior fontanelle, highpitched biphasic stridor, respiratory distress, and recurrent pneumonia
Bilateral vocal cord paralysis
Adolescent male present with shortness of breath, choking sensation within a few minutes after starting track training; there is a voice change during exercise. He was treated for exercise-induced asthma with no improvement in his symptoms. What is the next best step?
Vocal cord evaluation. Most likely diagnosis is
paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction
Child with a history of chin hemangioma,
worsening inspiratory stridor
Subglottic hemangioma
Newborn with intermittent cyanosis that disappears when crying but prominent during feeding; nasogastric tube unable to pass through the nostrils
Choanal atresia
An infant with cyanosis, the mother is mixing the formula with well water; normal cardiac and
pulmonary examination, normal pulse oximetry.
Chocolate-colored blood noticed when collecting the blood for testing
Methemoglobinemia
Boy with unilateral persistent offensive smelling
nasal discharge
Nasal foreign body
Recurrent pneumonia and nasal polyps
Cystic fibrosis
Recurrent pneumonia and nasal polyps
Cystic fibrosis
Sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, reduced
male fertility
Kartagener syndrome
A 4-year-old boy is suffering from recurrent
sinusitis, chronic otitis media; during the neonatal period he had respiratory distress, daily nasal congestion, and wet cough. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Child with no known health problem woke up
suddenly coughing blood. What is the most likely cause?
Epistaxis
Child with a 1-day history of low-grade fever,
malaise, congestion, and very thick, very green
nasal discharge
Viral upper respiratory tract infection
Child with 2 weeks of clear nasal discharge and a cough that is worse at night and while lying down supine. Not responding to nasal allergy
medications
Acute bacterial sinusitis
A 7-year-old with fever, runny nose, throat pain;
the pharynx is erythematous and shows white
exudate
Viral pharyngitis
A 7-year-old with abrupt onset of fever, headache, stomach pain, mild throat pain; the pharynx is erythematous, with petechiae, no white exudates
Strep throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)
A 15-month-old boy presents with poor feeding,
high fever, thick, purulent profuse nasal discharge, crust and irritation around the nostrils
Streptococcal fever or streptococcosis
When can a child with streptococcal infection go
back to school after taking an antibiotic (become noninfectious)?
Next day if improved (typically 24 h after the
antibiotic)
Toddler with a barking cough, fever, inspiratory
stridor, suprasternal retractions, and neck
radiograph is normal
Croup
What is the mainstay treatment of croup?
Dexamethasone and racemic epinephrine can be used in moderate/severe cases
A toddler presents with high fever, looks toxic,
brassy cough, and stridor. He was sent home on
oral antibiotics and ibuprofen, a few hours later he died
Bacterial tracheitis
A 5-year-old, unimmunized, presents with sudden onset of fever, stridor, drooling and throat pain, leaning forward and crying
Epiglottitis
