Pulp and Paper Flashcards
a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus Plant
PAPYRUS
a type of premature bark paper; was in use as a folded writing material for codices in the pre-columbian Americas
AMATE
The most primitive sample of amate was found at ____
Huitzilapa
processes of paper making
Debarking
Wood Chipping
Chip Washing
Chip Digestion
Pulp Screening
Thickening
Washing
Mechanical processes of paper making
Mechanical Pressure
Disc Refining
Heating
Light chemicals processes are performed to increase the ______ __ ____
yield of pulping
Wood chips are cooked under pressure in pulping liquors at high temperature
Chemical Pulping Processes
TYPES OF CHEMICAL PULPING
1.alkaline media or Krajt process,
2.sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium
3.sulfide (NaS2) containing liquor are used to cook the woodchips
4.sulfide process uses a mixture of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and bisulfide ions (HSO3 − ) as acidic media
Chemical pulping vs. Mechanical pulping
Mechanical - lower in quality which is highly colored and comprises of short fibers
Chemical - carried in alkaline or acidic media is mostly preferred
Yield of Mechanical
90%–95%
Yield of Chemical
40%–50%
PRODUCTION OF WHITE PAPER - approximately _____ of the lignin that come out from the initial or raw materials _____ ____ ___ ___ ____ ______ and it is responsible for the end product’s ____ ___
5%–10%, cannot be removed during the pulp processing, dark color
Five or optional six treatment steps for white paper:
- Elemental chlorine (C1),
- Alkali (E1),
- Optional hypochlorite (H) stage,
- Chlorine dioxide (D1),
- Alkali (E2), and
- Chlorine dioxide (D2)
Commercial planting of mulberry trees started as early as in the __ ____ to compose pulp for papermaking
6th century
fifth largest energy consumer comes under the most water- and energy-consuming industry
Pulp and paper industry
Pulp and paper industry released ____ ____ __ ___ _____ every year
100 million kg of toxic pollutants
Diseases you can get in Pulp and paper industry
risk of ovarian cancer, risk of lung and bladder cancer.
formed during the utilization of PFR (paper for recycling), which may comprise fiber lumps, plastics, metals, sand, and glass.
Rejects
formed while deinking of PFR; it includes typically short fibers/fines, inorganic fillers in addition to ink particles.
Deinking sludge
formed in mechanical process water clarification; it has mostly short fibers/fines and fillers.
Primary sludge
formed during process water clarification by biological means.
Secondary sludge
(habitually referred to as wastewater); a chief constituent of paper making which is generally treated on-site for contaminant confiscation.
Process water
Categories of Potential Pollutants from paper
Water effluents
Solid wastes
Particulates
Gases
Suspended solids including bark particles, fiber, pigments, and dirt.
Water effluents
