Pump Manual Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
_______ is a branch of the physical sciences that deals with the properties of liquids at rest or in motion.
A
Hydraulics
2
Q
Hydraulics are two specialized areas; hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. ______ is the study of the pressure and equilibrium of liquids.
A
Hydrostatics
3
Q
Hydraulics are two specialized areas; hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. ____ is the study of the motion and action of liquids
A
hydrodynamics
4
Q
“Pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts with equal force on all areas of the confining walls and perpendicular to the walls.” ;
This is the basic principle for any hydraulic system is known as_____.
A
Pascal’s Law, framed by Blaise Pascal.
.
5
Q
The weight of water varies according to its temperature and mineral content, but the figure most popularly chosen, and the one we will use to represent the approximate weight of a cubic foot of water, is _____ pounds.
A
62.5 pounds
6
Q
Several dynamics can affect a stream of water; causing it to go from streamline to turbulent. Among them are 6:
A
(1) an increase of velocity,
(2) an increase in the area between boundaries,
(3) roughness of the carrier,
(4) obstructions,
(5) degree of curvature of bends
(6) the number of bends.
7
Q
There are two categories within the broad classification of friction loss:
A
(1) friction loss
which occurs due to the motion of a liquid along a smooth or rough surface, and
(2) eddy loss
which occurs at relatively abrupt changes in flow.
8
Q
There are 3 terms , that are used to measure the movement of water, they are
A
1- flow
2- gallons per minute (GPM)
3- velocity
9
Q
_____ is used to indicate that quantity of liquid which will pass a given point in a given
unit of time.
A
Flow
10
Q
______ is the usual way of expressing volume of flow.
A
Gallons Per Minute (GPM)
11
Q
______ means the rate of speed at which the liquid is moving in relation to some fixed point.
A
Velocity of Flow
12
Q
The faster the water moves, the more “rubbing of the layers” occurs. The more “___”, the greater the creation of heat, resulting in greater “_____”.
A
“rubbing”
“friction loss”
13
Q
There are three kinds of gauges:
A
those that measure only pressure, (CALIBRATIONS,pounds per square inch)
those that measure only vacuum,
(CALIBRATIONS, inches of mercury) and
those that measure both pressure and vacuum. (COMPOUND GAUGES)
14
Q
one cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds and occupies a space of 12” x 12” x 12”, or _____.
A
1728 cubic inches.
One cubic foot equals 1728 cubic inches
One cubic foot of water equals 7.481 U.S. gallons
One U.S. gallon equals 231 cubic inches
One U.S. gallon weighs 8.35 pounds
15
Q
A pump in excellent condition can cause enough vacuum so that atmospheric pressure can force water about ____.
A
28 feet
16
Q
A pump in average to good condition can cause enough vacuum so that atmospheric pressure can force water about ____.
A
26 feet
17
Q
“_____” refers to that pressure prevailing in the hose immediately prior to the water’s entrance into the nozzle.
A
nozzle pressure
18
Q
Pumps can generally be categorized into two basic groupings; they are
A
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP &
NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
19
Q
_____discharges a definite volume of liquid or gas in each cycle of pump operation, provided that the motive force driving the pump is greater than any resistance offered to the movement of the material being acted upon.
A
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
20
Q
______pump in operation discharges a volume of liquid in each cycle of operation which is dependent upon the resistance offered to the movement of the liquid being pumped. This type of pump exerts a force upon the liquid that is constant for any given speed of the pump.
A
NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
centrifugal pump
21
Q
the District of Columbia Fire Department operates ____pumps due to the greater need to discharge water at higher pressures as opposed to higher volumes.
A
primarily two-stage pumps
22
Q
The transfer valve shall be placed in the pressure position when
A
making the pump ready as it offers the most efficient use of the pump on the majority of pumping operations within the District of Columbia.
-we are primarily pumping lines that require higher pressures and discharge lower volumes.
23
Q
The transfer valve is placed in the volume position for
A
the parallel operation of the two impellers.
Parallel operation implies that each impeller is solely responsible for making the total desired discharge pressure.
24
Q
The transfer valve in a two-stage pump is what makes it possible to switch between _____. By operating the transfer valve, we are changing the route that water takes through the pump.
A
switch between pressure stage and volume stage
25
What is the capacity GPM of two-stage pump in DC?
Any two-stage pump in the District of Columbia will either be rated at 1250 GPM or 1500 GPM.
26
When does the pump manufacturer recommend using the transfer valve to maximize the efficiency of the pump? What %?
Waterous pumps – When you are discharging volumes greater than or equal to **70%** of the pumps capacity. The District of Columbia Fire Department has apparatus equipped with either 1250 GPM or 1500 GPM Waterous pumps, depending on the date they were built.
27
Engine companies purchased in 2014 or newer will have ____ GPM Waterous two-stage pumps.
1500 GPM
28
2014 and Older apparatus will have ____GPM two- stage pumps.
1250 GPM
29
The Department’s maximum
discharge pressure is ____psi.
300 PSI
30
Priming pumps can be __,__&__driven
electrical, pneumatic, and clutch
31
All of our engines are equipped with intake relief valves. These intake relief valves are set at ____psi and will discharge water on the ground when the set intake pressure is exceeded.
150 PSI
32
The engine pressure formula can be calculated different ways depending upon what operation is being performed. Always using the same formula, in the same order, which is ____.
**EP = NP + FL +SA +/- E**
EP= Is the engine pressure in pounds per square inch.
NP= Is the nozzle pressure for the appliance used.
FL= Is the total friction loss allowance in the hose line or lines supplying the appliance or assembly
SA=Is the friction created within an appliance other than standard nozzles, hose, etc.
E=Is the elevation allowance due to the location of the nozzle in relationto the pump.
33
Then the length of the line being used is divided by ___ in order to calculate the number of ___-foot lengths of hose being used.
100 foot
34
When a pumper is relaying water to another pumper (source engine to attack engine), there is no nozzle or tip in the line between them for which a nozzle pressure is needed. However, it is desired that the water arrives at the next pumper in line with sufficient pressure to allow efficient operation. It has been determined that when there are two or more pumpers in line, an allowance of ____pounds for this intake pressure is suitable.
20 pounds
35
We round to ___psi per 100 feet of 1 ½” hose.
30 PSI
36
The District of Columbia Fire Department engine company consists of a motorized piece of equipment which has a centrifugal pump and carries water, hose, tools, and appliances. The two primary functions of the engine companies are to _____.
**supply attack lines** and devices -or-
to be used as a **water supply** from a hydrant, or other source, to supply the attack engine.
37
The 5 following steps are to be used place the pump in gear.
1. Shift transmission to neutral
2. Set the parking brake
3. Shift the pump shift lever/switch from ‘road’ to the pump position
4. Press the ‘D’ on the automatic gear selector
5. Ensure that the pump went into gear by observing that the gear selector went to fourth gear; that there are two green lights illuminated; the speedometer increased to approximately 15 MPH
38
Ensure that the pump went into gear by observing that the gear selector went to ___gear; that there are ____ lights illuminated; and that the speedometer increased to approximately ___ MPH.
observing that the gear selector went to **fourth** gear;
that there are **two green lights** illuminated;
and that the speedometer increased to approximately **15 MPH**
39
If the green PUMP ENGAGED and OK TO PUMP
lights are not on_____.
momentarily shift truck transmission from pumping gear(DRIVE) to
NEUTRAL,
then REVERSE,
then NEUTRAL,
then back into pumping gear (DRIVE).
The lights should now be illuminated, If not repeat.
40
There may be a situation when operating the pump shift lever/switch does not cause the pump to engage. In this case, operating the manual pump shift lever at the pump panel may be necessary to place the pump into gear.
The 3 following steps shall be utilized to complete the operation.
1. After placing the engine transmission in NEUTRAL, move the in-cab pump shift control to the CENTER position
2. Move the manual shift lever at the pump panel to the PUMP position.
This will be either a push or pull action depending on the manufacturer.
3. Move the in-cab pump shift control into the PUMP position
41
_____ is the engine company positioned at or near the fire for the purpose of fire attack – usually the 1st and 2nd due engine companies. Responsibilities, as they relate to the delivery of water, generally include establishing a water supply by laying out or having ‘your own’ hydrant; positioning the wagon appropriately for the incident; and correctly pumping the chosen method of fire attack – consisting of an appropriate length and diameter hose line and nozzle, or other appliance(s).
The attack engine
42
After establishing a water supply and positioning the wagon, the pump operator of the attack engine shall____. (10 steps)
1. Place the pump in pump gear **(engage pump)**
2. Exit the cab and set the wheelchocks
3. Ensure that the pump is ‘ready to pump’
4. Charge the attack line to the appropriate pressure when necessary by opening the discharge valve to allow water into the line, and then setting the pump to the appropriate discharge pressure
5. Prepare to intake water from the water supply – either the laid-out supply line or a soft
6. Open the intake valve associated with the supply, allowing water into the pump
7. Note the intake pressure
8. Once the water supply is established, close the tank to pump valve. This ensures that the water source can handle the operation by not allowing the tank to supplement any amount the source cant supply
9. Refill the booster tank by opening the tank fill valve
10. Monitor the pump and the apparatus regularly during operation to ensure proper function
43
_____ is the engine company positioned at a hydrant or other source of water and is responsible for securing the water supply to the attack engine. This will typically be the 3rd & 4th due engine companies. Responsibilities, as they relate to the delivery of water, generally include completing the layout from the attack engine to ensure a continuous, uninterrupted supply of water; positioning the pumper at the source in a manner so as not to impede other apparatus from entering the scene; and correctly pumping the chosen method of supply.
The source engine
44
After positioning the pumper at the hydrant, the pump operator of the source engine shall____.(11steps)
1. Exit the cab
a. **Set the wheelchocks**
b. Flush the hydrant if there is no Humat valve attached to the hydrant
c. If Humat valve is in place move to step 2
2. Ensure the Humat valve is attached to the hydrant properly. Flake out the lay out bundle from the attack engine to eliminate kinks
3. When the attack engine has broken the supply line from their supply bed and attached the line to an intake, the hydrant can then be charged. Clear communication of this action between the attack engine and source engine is imperative
a. If the Hydrant is found to be dead, see the SPLIT LAY FROM A HUMAT VALVE section of this chapter
4. Attach soft sleeve from an appropriate intake to the steamer of the Humat valve
5. Open butterfly valve on the Humat
6. Once the sleeve is filled and the air is bled off, close the drain valve for the respective intake
7. Place pump in gear
8. Open intake valve
9. Once the water supply is established, close the tank to pump valve. This ensures that the water source can handle the operation by not allowing the tank to supplement any amount the source cant supply
10. Open tank fill valve to keep cool water circulating through pump
11. Attach 3” line from a discharge to the inlet side of the Humat valve. Do not charge this line UNLESS the attack engine requires more intake pressure than what the hydrant alone is supplying to them. This is done to avoid the attack engine from receiving an unnecessarily high intake pressure
45
When positioning apparatus to operate from draft, the most desirable intakes to utilize are those on _____.
on the sides
46
From the standpoint of operating convenience, it is better to use the gated intake opposite the pump panel. From the standpoint of **maximum efficiency** (Volume), it is best to use the 6” intake on_____.
The driver's side
47
When making pump ready to operate from draft, it is necessary that the hard sleeve assembly-__,___&__ be made up and attached to the intake of the pump before lowering the sleeves into the water.
sleeves, strainer, and rope -
48
The hard sleeve connections must be ____ to ensure a leak free fit of the gaskets on either side of the hard sleeve connections and the hard sleeve connection at the pump intake should also. This is important, as a slight air leak may prevent getting water
hammered with a rubber mallet
49
When attaching blind caps to the 6" intakes, it is only necessary to put them on _____.
‘hand tight’
50
For high quantity flows, the end of the hard sleeve assembly shall be submerged at _____ if possible, to prevent the formation of a whirlpool which could permit air to enter the pump.
least 18 inches,
51
If it is not possible to submerge the end of the hard sleeve assembly at least 18 inches, whirlpools can be prevented by placing a baffle at the water surface. Baffles can be improvised ____ or similar objects. The strainer should be kept off the bottom to prevent grit and abrasive material from entering the pump and to avoid the possibility of blocking the end of the hard sleeves.
from salvage covers, wooden doors, or similar objects
52
When operating the pump from draft, the intake gauge will indicate the amount of vacuum in inches of ____.
inches of mercury
53
When operating the pump from draft, the intake gauge will indicate the amount of vacuum in inches of mercury. For all practical purposes, one inch of mercury is equivalent to approximately one ___of lift when not discharging any water.
one foot
54
It is very important for the pump operator to understand the proper steps of operation for drafting. They are 13 steps as follows:
1. Place apparatus to draft from the one of the side intakes
2. Make sure the pump is air tight
3. Connect hard sleeves (hammer tight) / if connected to officer’s side make sure intake valve is open
4. Set up a way to flow water back into the source in case no water is being moved on the fire ground (Do not fill tank from draft)
5. Attach lines to be supplied
6. Place pump in gear
7. Close tank to pump valve
8. Place transfer valve in volume position
9. Place the PSG in RPM
10. Press preset (1000 to 1100 RPM)
11. Engage primer until draft is achieved, no longer than 45 seconds. If no draft is achieved retrace your steps and prime again
12. Upon achieving a draft begin flowing water
13. Return the PSG to Pressure mode
55
Hydrants, the colors and ratings are as follows:
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Red
White
Blue 1500 GPM or Greater
Yellow 1000 – 1499 GPM
Orange 500 – 999 GPM
Red. 500 GPM or Less
White Not flow tested
56
A second way to estimate a hydrant’s capacity is through calculating a percentage drop in intake pressure during fire ground operation
1. Obtain static pressure reading on master intake gauge from hydrant (no water being discharged)
2. Obtain residual pressure reading on master intake gauge (water being discharged)
3. Calculate pressure drop (static reading – residual reading = pressure drop)
4. Calculate the pressure drop as a percentage (pressure drop divided by static pressure = percentage)
5. Determine the additional available quantity of water by referencing the chart below:
57
The discharge pressure shall be ____ before closing the discharge gate or disengaging the pump. When the source of supply is a hydrant, fill the booster tank before shutting down the supply line.
lowered
58
The pumping apparatus used in this Department are rated for capacity at ____psi.
150 PSI
59
Capacity tests are conducted before any new pumper is accepted All pumpers are also tested for rated capacities at least ___year(s) or when ______. A detailed record of the performance of each pumping apparatus is maintained. The pump capacities and the engine speeds at which they are obtained are stamped on a plate attached to the apparatus.
least once a year or
whenever major repairs to the pump have been made
60
The relaying of water from one engine to another when it is desirable to place one engine near the fire and supply it with the water from another engine is known as _____operation.
"TWO PUMP OPERATION".
61
When using two pump operation, the source engine shall utilize hydrant pressure through the humat valve to supply the attack engine until notified of conditions that would, if the engine pressure were calculated by the relay formula, require a higher pressure. Specific orders shall be given when a lower pressure is desired, such as when overhauling. It is desirable for the attack engine to maintain an intake pressure of ____.
20 PSI
62
any number of engine companies may be used in relaying water, it may be necessary to use more than two companies, thus avoiding long distances between pumps. This allows water to be supplied _____.
water to be supplied over greater distances.
63
The operator of the attack pumper nearest the fire shall calculate pump pressure via the ______.
ENGINE PRESSURE FORMULA
EP= NP+FL+SA +/- E
64
The operators of the source pumper(s)relaying water shall calculate their pump pressure using the formula in the _____.
RELAY PUMP OPERATION
65
To shut down a relayed line start with the pumper ______ each one in order
nearest the fire and work back to the source of
supply,
66
_____ Operation consists of each engine, with the exception of the engine company at the source, **laying out two lines**, 800 feet long; with the next engine company laying out two lines, 800 feet long until an engine company is in position at the incident.
A Dual Line Relay
67
_____ is the use of a second engine company at a hydrant making a connection to an intake of the first engine company **without** shutting down the operation of the first engine company.
Dual Pumping
68
'The D.C. Fire Department operates ____fire pumps.
two stage centrifugal fire pumps.
69
The D.C. Fire Department operates two stage centrifugal fire pumps. The normal, for day to day operations, is to operate in the pressure stage as we are a ___ pressure; ___ volume Fire Department.
high ; low
70
The manufacturer (Waterous) recommends that the pump be transferred from pressure to volume if the required fire flow is greater than ___ % of its rated
capacity.
70%
71
The D.C. Fire Department operates two stage centrifugal fire pumps ;1250 GPM Pump should be transferred over at ____GPM.
880 GPM
72
The D.C. Fire Department operates two stage centrifugal fire pumps, 1500 GPM Pump should be transferred over at ____GPM.
1050 GPM
73
To prevent damage to the clappers that operate when transferring the pump from one stage to the other, the intake and discharge pressures shall be within _____ psi of each other. This may temporarily require gating down lines that are in use while switching between stages.
50 psi
74
The heavy hook up provides a company the ability to deliver a large volume of water to the fireground when utilizing a high capacity hydrant (____ band)
Blue or yellow band
75
The two PSGs will then become out of sync, continuously trying to compensate for the other’s actions (alternating increase and decreases in pressure). This activity is defined as ‘____’ and will be identified by a see-sawing effect in engine RPM as the PSG attempts to regulate pressure. Usually correct in about a minute or two.
‘hunting’
(usually correct about a minute or two)
76
The relief valves are set to open when the intake pressure reaches or exceeds ____.
150 psi.
If one of the intake relief valves fails and opens at a lower pressure than 150 psi, you may need to cap this device to continue operations.
77
Pump Maintenance should be broken down into 3 categories:
1. Daily
2. Weekly (Sunday inspection)
3. Monthly
78
Daily maintenance will consist of 9 the making the pump ready process, which are:
1. Water tank full, Tank valve open
2. Pump fully primed
3. All intake valves closed
4. Drain valves on intake open
5. Drain valves on discharge gates closed
6. Auxiliary cooling valve closed
7. Priming pump oil reservoir filled with the vent hole clear
8. Tank Fill valve closed
9. Blind caps and blind plugs hand tight
79
Weekly (Sunday) pump maintenance includes your 5 daily steps as well as, which are:
1. With pump not in gear, open all of the drain valves and remove all blind caps
2. Then exercise all of your valves to include the drain valves, one by one until clear water with no debris is seen exiting the valve. While the valve handles are open and extended wipe down the rods with a soapy rag and rinse clean
3. Return the pump to a ready state with the tank full
4. Tilt cab and flush pump compartment with water from a garden hose. Apply water from multiple angles in order to remove buildup of road dirt and debris
5. After thoroughly flushing the pump compartment, you should lubricate the valve linkage. See figure 1 to illustrate lubrication points.
*Note you should use apenetrating oil lubricant like WD-40. DO NOT USE WHITE LITHIUM GREASE
80
Monthly pump maintenance will consist of daily and weekly maintenance items and 4 include:
1. Remove all elbows, gated intakes, and caps. Lubricate items to keep them operating freely
2. Check all gaskets and strainers for good working condition
3. Remove all strainers if possible and back-flush the pump. The steps for back-flushing are as follows
a. Connect 3” line to a hydrant and then to a 2.5” discharge on the pump.
b. Open the 2.5” discharge. Then, one at a time, open and flush individual intakes. Flush each intake for about 2 to 3 minutes eachDO NOT PLACE PUMP IN GEAR DURING THIS OPERATION
4. Shutdown operation and reattach all equipment hand tight. Make sure all gaskets and strainers are in place
81
Checks should be made frequently on the fire ground to make sure the pump is not overheating. The thermal relief valve will begin releasing water from the discharge side of the pump at ___°F.
140°F
82
Checks should be made frequently on the fire ground to make sure the pump is not overheating. The thermal relief valve will begin releasing water from the discharge side of the pump at 140°F. The Overheat Protection Manager will alert with a red flashing light and audible alarm at ___°F.
180°F.
83
features that Pressure Sensing Governors give us during operation are
● Powers up in pressure mode
● Automatic regulation of pump discharge pressure
● Manual control of pressure or engine RPM settings
● No pressure or RPM variation when changing modes
● Recognition of a no/low water condition with automatic response
● Interlock signal recognition with a throttle ready LED
● Immediate increase of pressure with the push of the PRESET button
● Return to engine idle with the push of the IDLE button in emergency situations
84
IDLE: When pressed, immediately sets the RPM to idle. This button is recommended to be used in an emergency shutdown situation. Use the decrease button to throttle down to idle speed _____RPM and then press the IDLE button to clear out the previous discharge pressure when finished pumping.
(690-720 RPM)
85
PRESET: Used to activate a preset pressure of ____psi in the pressure mode. The presets are programmed when the PSG is installed. Adjustments can only be made by FMD.
125 to 135 PSI
86
The current fleet of Seagrave Ladder Trucks (Excluding the current Truck 15 S-315) are equipped with a pre-piped ___inch waterway that is___ feet long and is attached to the bed section of the ladder. This waterway does not extend as the ladder extends and is limited to the length of the bed section of the ladder.
3” ; 25’
87
The Bed Pipe is supplied by a single 3” inlet with a____coupling on the officer’s side of the turn table. Attached at the discharge end of the Bed Pipe is an AkronLadder Pipe, Stream Straightener and 1 1/2” Smooth Bore tip.
2 1/2”
88
The use of a second engine company at a hydrant, making connection to the intake of the first engine company without shutting down the operation of the first engine company. This should only be performed on blue band hydrants (1500 GPM or greater). This in known as ____.
Dual Pump Operation
89
Elevation - A calculated distance above or below the level of the pump. Elevation must be accounted for to either overcome or include the force gravity takes on the water being discharged. For every 10 feet water must be delivered above the pump, an additional ___ psi must be added to the fire ground formula.
5 PSI
90
Lift is the height in feet that a pump is located above the surface of a body of water, as in a draft operation.
Maximum lift for a pump in **excellent** condition is___feet.
A pump in **average or good** condition is about____feet.
-Maximum lift for a pump in excellent condition is 28 feet.
- A pump in average or good condition is about 26 feet.
(No fire department pumping apparatus can lift water 33.9 feet(assumed))
91
The act of removing air from a pump and replacing it with water. Is known as _____.
priming pump
92
3 or more engine companies used to move water over longer distances. Is known as ____.
Relay Pumping
93
The pressure exerted by a body or mass **at rest** (still; not moving) .This reading is taken from an intake gauge while no water is being discharged from the pump. Which in known as____pressure.
Static pressure
94
The intake pressure remaining at the engine while water is **being discharged** (running, moving). This is known as ___pressure.
Residual pressure
95
The means by which a 2 stage pump is changed between pressure stage or volume stage, they should be exercised daily while the pump is engaged and water is moving. And lastly should be placed in the pressure stage when making the pump ready. This describes operation of a _____.
Transfer value
96
The second stage of a 2 stage pump operated by the transfer valve. This stage is used when a higher volume of water is desired as opposed to a higher PSI. This act should be engaged by operating the transfer valve when a 2 stage pump will be operatingat 70% or greater of the pumps rated capacity. This is known as____stage.
Volume stage
97
The Ladder Pipe Assembly consists of the Ladder Pipe,
a single____ ‘ section of __ “ hose, and a Siamese or Trimese. The Ladder Pipe Assembly is attached to the top fly-section of the aerial ladder when in use and is not permanently affixed to the ladder like the bed pipe.
a single 100’ section of 3” hose
98
To function properly in the foam position, the educator requires flow a of at least ____gpm. The pressure at the educator should be ____ psi.
95 gpm ; 200 psi
99
The oil in the pump transmission shall____ cover the site glass, it should look like clean transmission fluid and appear____ in color.
**FULLY** cover site glass
**RED** in color
100
Priming pumps can be__ ,__&___.
Electrical
Pneumatic
Clutch driven
101
The oil tank shall be kept full with 100% non toxic and rapidly biodegradable priming lubricant that is vegetable oil based. The oil level should be checked____.
After each use.
102
Most pump impellers rotate approximately at a (___) ratio to the engine speed.
2:1 ratio
103
The___ is a device used to measure velocity & pressure heads present within a flowing steam, it’s primarily a test instrument.
Pitol tube
104
there are 2 categories within the broad classification of fiction loss____.
Friction loss & eddy loss
-friction loss; which occurs due to the motion of liquid along smooth or rough surfaces
-eddy loss; which occurs at relatively abrupt changes in flow
105
Several dynamic can affect a stream of water, causing it to go from streamline to turbulent .
List the 6 causes.
1-increase velocity
2-increase in the area between boundaries
3-roughness of carrier
4- obstruction
5- degree of curvature of bends
6-the number of bends
106
The head pressure/ municipal water supply present in the standpipe is pressing from the system side of the clapper of the check valve and is holding it closed. This pressure is known as ____.
Back pressure
107
1 cube foot = ___cubic inches of water
1728 cubic inches of water
1x1x1=1 cubic foot
12x12x12=1728 cubic feet
108
___ is the study of **pressure and equilibrium** of liquids.
Hydrostatics
109
___is the study of the **motion and action** of liquids.
Hydrodynamics
110
The approximate weight of a cubic foot of water is ____pounds.
62.5 pounds
