puncta maxima of the heart + cardiac dullness

Question 1

Pulmonary trunk in Ca

Answer 1

i.c. 3 (D/3)

(above sternum)

Question 2

pulmonary trunk in Eq?

Answer 2

3 i.c. (D/3)

Question 3

pulmonary trunk in Ru?

Answer 3

2-3 i.c. (D/3)

Question 4

Aorta in Ca?

Answer 4

4 i.c.

(at level of shoulder)

Question 5

Aorta in Eq?

Answer 5

4 i.c.

(5 cm below shoulder)

Question 6

Aorta in Ru?

Answer 6

3-4 i.c.

(2 cm below shoulder)

Question 7

LAV valve in Ca?

Answer 7

5 i.c. (D/3)

Question 8

LAV valve in Eq?

Answer 8

4-5 i.c. (D/3)

Question 9

LAV valve in Ru?

Answer 9

4 i.c. (D/3)

Question 10

RAV valve in Ca?

Answer 10

4 i.c. on the RHS (D/3)

Question 11

RAV valve in Eq?

Answer 11

3-4 i.c. RHS (D/5 - above sternum)

Question 12

RAV valve in Ru?

Answer 12

4 i.c. (D/3) RHS

Question 13

cardiac dullness in Ca?

Answer 13

Left - i.c. 4-6

Right - i.c. 4-5

Question 14

cardicac dullness in Ru?

Answer 14

left - i.c. 3-4

Question 15

why is there no cardiac dullness on the right hand side in Ru?

Answer 15

the heart is covered by the lungs

Question 16

cardiac dullness in Eq?

Answer 16

left - i.c. 3-5

right - i.c. 4-5

Question 17

how much relative dullness do large animals have?

Answer 17

3-5 cm

Question 18

how much relative dullness do small animals (dogs) have?

Answer 18

1-2 cm