Punctuation Flashcards
1
Q
Full stop
A
Indicate the end of a sentence
Abbreviations
2
Q
Commas (9)
A
- Separate adjectives describing a noun
- Separate items in a list
- Mark off words addressing someone
- Natural pause
- Phrase in apposition
- Separate an adverbial subordinate clause from a main clause in a complex sentence
- To mark off or enclose sentence adverbs (e.g. for example , however, therefore)
- To mark off a relative clause
- Parenthesis
- To mark off participial clauses
3
Q
Exclamation marks
A
Follow exclamations or interjections
Strengthen tone of statement
4
Q
Question marks
A
Occur at the end of a question
5
Q
Apostrophe
A
Contractions
Possession
6
Q
Quotation marks (3)
A
Indicate direct speech
Quote some else’s words
Title of books and films
7
Q
Colon (5)
A
- Indicate a list
- Introduces a quotation
- Direct speech
- Introduce a conclusion or climax
- To separate two co-ordinate clauses
8
Q
Semi Colon (5)
A
- To separate items in a list where the items comprise phrases or clauses and where commas have already been used within these phrases or clauses
- To separate two related clauses that are not joined by a conjunction
- To separate two antithetical clauses
- Before a clause beginning with a sentence adverb (so, therefore, however etc.)
- To give emphasis to the final clause of a sentence
9
Q
Hyphen
A
- To join words together to form either a compound noun or a compound adjective
- Prefix to root word when there are two vowels
- To differentiate between two words that are spelt the same but have different meanings
- To indicate when a word is broken at the end of a line
10
Q
Dash (4)
A
Dramatic pause
Abrupt change in direction of thought
Introduce climax or anti-climax
Repeated words
11
Q
Underlining (2)
A
- Used for emphasis
- Used to indicate a title
12
Q
Ellipsis (2)
A
- Used to indicate the omission of a section of text
- used to show that a text is to be continued or that the readers is to use his or her imagination to compete the story.
