⚔️ Punic Wars Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What war did the Romans fight from 264-241 BC?
A
1st Punic War
2
Q
What were the years for the First Punic War?
A
264-241 BC
3
Q
Where did the Carthaginians originate from?
A
Phoenicia
4
Q
The First Punic War broke out because of a conflict with Carthage over what island?
A
Sicily
5
Q
What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 262 BC?
A
Agrigentum
6
Q
What kind of Carthaginian ship did the Romans first model their navy on?
A
quinquereme
7
Q
What is a quinquereme?
A
a ship with five banks of oars
8
Q
What group of Campanian mercenaries overran Messana after abandoning their agreement to fight for the Syracusans?
A
Mamertines
9
Q
What does “Mamertines” mean?
A
men of mars
10
Q
What Sicilian city did the Mamertines overrun after abandoning their agreement to fight for Syracuse?
A
Messana
11
Q
Who did the Mamertines appeal to for help against the Syracusans?
A
Carthage
12
Q
When Carthage refused to leave Messana, who did the Mamertines appeal to for help?
A
Rome
13
Q
Why did the Mamertines appeal to Rome for help?
A
to make Carthage leave Messana
14
Q
What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 264 BC?
A
Messana
15
Q
The siege of what city in 264 BC began the First Punic War?
A
Messana
16
Q
What Roman admiral won Rome’s first major naval battle at Mylae in 260 BC?
A
Duilius
17
Q
At what battle in 260 BC did the Rome win its first major naval battle against the Carthaginians?
A
Mylae
18
Q
What grappling hook attached to a plank did the Romans use to board enemy ships?
A
corvus
19
Q
What is a “corvus”?
A
grappling hook attached to a plank
20
Q
What device did the Romans use to board Carthaginian ships and produce hand to hand combat?
A
corvus
21
Q
At what battle in 256 BC did Regulus and the Romans defeat the Carthaginian navy?
A
Cape Ecnomus
22
Q
In what year did Regulus defeat the Carthaginians at Cape Ecnomus?
A
256 BC
23
Q
What was Regulus’ strategy after winning at Cape Ecnomus?
A
attack Carthage
24
Q
What Spartan mercenary defeated and captured Regulus at the Bagradas Valley in 255 BC?
A
Xanthippus
25
At what battle in 255 BC did the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus help the Carthaginians defeat and capture Regulus?
Bagradas Valley
26
What Spartan mercenary did the Carthaginians hire to assist against the Romans?
Xanthippus
27
What Roman was captured after the Bagradas Valley?
Regulus
28
What Roman did the Carthaginians release on the condition that he return to Carthage with acceptable peace terms?
Regulus
29
What happened when Regulus returned to Carthage after refusing to negotiate peace terms with the Romans?
he was executed
30
At what battle in 249 BC was the Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians?
Drepana
31
Who threw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana because they refused to eat?
Claudius Pulcher
32
Why did Claudius Pulcher throw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana?
they refused to eat
33
Who reportedly said "if they won't eat, let them drink" before he threw the sacred chickens overboard?
Claudius Pulcher
34
What did Claudius Pulcher say before he threw the sacred chickens overboard when they refused to eat?
if they won't eat, let them drink
35
At what battle in 241 BC did the Romans defeat the Carthaginians and end the First Punic War?
Aegates Islands
36
In what year did the Lutatius Catulus defeat the Carthaginians at the Aegates Islands and end the First Punic War?
241 BC
37
What Roman admiral defeated Carthage at the Aegates Islands and ended the First Punic War?
Lutatius Catulus
38
What island did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?
Sicily
39
What does the name "Barca" mean in Carthaginian?
blitz / lightning
40
During the First Punic War who was the most brilliant Carthaginian general?
Hamilcar Barca
41
What city in Spain is named after Hamilcar Barca?
Barcelona
42
Who led the effort to rebuild the Carthaginian strength after the First Punic War?
Hamilcar Barca
43
What Carthaginian made his young son Hannibal swear eternal hatred for Rome in return for the opportunity to join his father's military exploits?
Hamilcar Barca
44
What war did the Romans fight from 218-202 BC?
Second Punic War
45
What were the years of the Second Punic War?
218-202 BC
46
What war began when Carthage crossed the Ebro River in Spain to attack Saguntum?
Second Punic War
47
What river in Spain did Carthage cross to attack Saguntum?
Ebro River
48
What treaty from 226 BC did the Carthaginians break by attacking Saguntum?
Ebro River Treaty
49
What city did Carthage beseige in 219 BC to begin the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
50
What Carthaginian negotiated the Ebro River Treaty with Rome in 226 BC?
Hasdrubal
51
What enemy of Rome crossed the Alps with 37 war elephants in 219 BC?
Hannibal
52
At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans?
Ticinus River
53
Who saved his father in battle at the Ticinus River in 218 BC?
Scipio Africanus
54
At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus and the Romans?
Trebia River
55
After his victory at the Ticinus River, where did Hannibal defeat the forces of Sempronius Longus?
Trebia River
56
At what battle in 217 BC did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius and the Romans?
Lake Trasimene
57
What Roman general was defeated by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC?
Flaminius
58
At what battle in 216 BC did Hannibal issues the Romans their worst ever defeat?
Cannae
59
What two generals were horribly defeated by Hannibal at Cannae in 216 BC?
Paulus & Varro
60
How did Hannibal defeat the Romans at Cannae?
drew the Romans into the center and surrounded them
61
Which consul died in battle at Cannae in 216 BC?
Aemilius Paulus
62
What Roman dictator was known as "the delayer"?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
63
What Roman dictator was known as "the shield of Rome"?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
64
After Rome's early catastrophic defeats to Hannibal who was made dictator?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
65
What was Quintus Fabius Maximus' strategy against Hannibal?
stay close and harass him but avoid all out battle
66
Who adopted a delaying strategy and avoided all out battle with Hannibal when he was appointed dictator?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
67
What does "Cunctator" mean?
The Delayer
68
Who was referred to as "the sword of Rome"?
Marcellus
69
What Roman general captured Syracuse in Sicily in 211 BC?
Marcellus
70
What Sicilian city did Marcellus capture in 211 BC?
Syracuse
71
What Syracusan engineer attempted to defend the city from the Romans?
Archimedes
72
What are the Spolia Opima?
"richest spoils" won by a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat
73
What award was given to a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat?
Spolia Opima
74
Who was the third and final Roman to win the Spolia Opima?
Marcellus
75
Who won the Spolia Opima by defeating Viridomarus in single combat at Clastidium in 222 BC?
Marcellus
76
Who did Marcellus defeat in single combat to win the Spolia Opima in 222 BC?
Viridomarus
77
At what battle in 222 BC did Marcellus defeat the Gallic chieftain Viridomarus to win the Spolia Opima?
Clastidium
78
Who won the first Spolia Opima by defeating Acron?
Romulus
79
Who did Romulus defeat to win the first Spolia Opima?
Acron
80
Who defeated Tolumnius at Fidenae to win the second Spolia Opima
Cossus
81
Who did Cossus defeat to win the second Spolia Opima?
Tolumnius
82
At what battle in 426 BC did Cossus defeat Tolumnius and win the Spolia Opima?
Fidenae
83
Who famously shouted "Eureka" and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse when he discovered the principle of buoyancy?
Archimedes
84
What did Archimedes shout as he ran naked through the streets of Syracuse after he discovered the principle of buoyancy?
Eureka
85
Who said "don't disturb my circles" referring to his drawings in the sand when Roman soldiers came to kill him?
Archimedes
86
What did Archimedes say when the Romans soldiers came to kill him?
Don't distub my circles
87
What brother of Hannibal defended Spain while Hannibal invaded Italy?
Hasdrubal
88
What city in Spain did Scipio Africanus capture in 209 BC?
Carthago Nova
89
What Roman general captured Carthago Nova in 209 BC?
Scipio Africanus
90
At what 207 BC was Hasdrubal killed while trying to bring reinforcements to Hannibal in Italy?
Metaurus River
91
What Roman general defeated and killed Hasdrubal at the Metaurus River in 207 BC?
Claudius Nero
92
Whose head was thrown into Hannibal's tent after he was killed at the Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal's
93
What king of Numidia aided Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
94
Whose Numidian cavalry assisted Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
95
At what battle in 202 BC did Massinissa help Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal?
Zama
96
At what battle in 203 BC did Scipio and Massinissa defeat and capture Syphax?
Great Plains
97
What former enemy of Rome became an advisor admiral for the Seleucid monarch Antiochus the Great in a war against Rome?
Hannibal
98
For what Seleucid monarch did Hannibal become an advisor admiral for?
Antiochus the Great
99
At whose court did Hannibal commit suicide?
King Prusias
100
Who committed suicide at the court of King Prusias when the Romans were closing in on him?
Hannibal
