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Certamen > 🌇 Middle Republic > Flashcards

🌇 Middle Republic Flashcards

1
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 215-205 BC?

A

First Macedonian War

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2
Q

What were the years of the First Macedonian War?

A

215-205 BC

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3
Q

What king of Macedon allied with Hannibal and attacked Rome in 215 BC?

A

Philip V

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4
Q

With whom did Philip V of Macedon ally before attacking Rome in 215 BC?

A

Hannibal

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5
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 200-196 BC?

A

Second Macedonian War

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6
Q

What were the years of the Second Macedonian War?

A

200-196 BC

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7
Q

What war began when Attalus I of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V of Macedon?

A

Second Macedonian War

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8
Q

What king of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V in 200 BC?

A

Attalus I

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9
Q

At what battle in 197 BC did the Roman general Flamininus defeat Philip V?

A

Cynoscephalae

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10
Q

Who was the victorious Roman general at the Cynoscephalae?

A

Flamininus

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11
Q

What is the full name of Flamininus?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

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12
Q

What does “Cynoscephalae” mean?

A

Dog’s Heads

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13
Q

Who proclaimed freedom and independence for all the Greek states at the Isthmian Games of 196 BC?

A

Flamininus

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14
Q

At what event in 196 BC did Flamininus declare the freedom and independence of all the Greek states?

A

Isthmian Games

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15
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 171-167 BC?

A

Third Macedonian War

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16
Q

What were the years of the Third Macedonian War?

A

171-167 BC

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17
Q

What eldest son of Philip V rose to the throne and incited the Third Macedonian War?

A

Perseus

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18
Q

At what battle in 168 BC did the Roman general Aemilius Paullus defeat Perseus of Macedon?

A

Pydna

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19
Q

Who was the victorious Roman general at the Pydna in 168 BC?

A

Aemilius Paullus

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20
Q

After which war did Rome abolish the Macedonian monarchy and establish four independent republics of Macedon?

A

Third Macedonian War

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21
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 149-148 BC?

A

Fourth Macedonian War

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22
Q

What were the years of the Fourth Macedonian War?

A

149-148 BC

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23
Q

What upstart pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and led a resistance against Rome?

A

Andriscus

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24
Q

What war began when Andriscus pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and unite the independent republics?

A

Fourth Macedonian War

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25
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 192-188 BC?

A

Syrian War / War with Antiochus

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26
Q

What were the years of the War with Antiochus?

A

192-188 BC

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27
Q

What Seleucid monarch invaded Greece which sparked a war with Rome in 192 BC?

A

Antiochus III

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28
Q

In what year did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III at Thermopylae?

A

191 BC

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28
Q

At what battle in 191 BC did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III?

A

Thermopylae

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29
Q

What does “Thermopylae” mean?

A

hot gate

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30
Q

What Roman general was victorious at Thermopylae against Antiochus III?

A

Glabrio

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31
Q

What refugee did Antiochus III use as an advisor and admiral, albeit ineffective?

A

Hannibal

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32
Q

What battle in 190 BC was the last notable Roman naval victory over a foreign enemy?

A

Myonessus

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33
Q

Where did Rome earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign enemy in 190 BC?

A

Myonessus

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34
Q

At what battle in 190 BC did the Romans defeat Antiochus III and earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign fleet?

A

Myonessus

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35
Q

At what battle in 190 BC did Publius and Lucius Scipio defeat Antiochus III?

A

Magnesia

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36
Q

What two brothers defeated Antiochus III at Magnesia in 190 BC?

A

Publius & Lucius Scipio

37
Q

What treaty of 188 BC ended the war against Antiochus III?

A

Treaty of Apamea

38
Q

What was the full name of Cato the Elder?

A

Marcus Porcius Cato

39
Q

What Roman censor ended every speech with the line “Carthago delenda est”?

A

Cato the Elder

40
Q

What does “Carthago delenda est” mean?

A

Carthage must be destroyed

41
Q

What “war” did the Romans fight from 149-146 BC?

A

Third Punic War

42
Q

What were the years of the Third Punic “War”?

A

149-146 BC

43
Q

In what year was Carthage completely destroyed?

A

146 BC

44
Q

What Roman statesman was known for his stern manner, high moral standards, and love of cabbage?

A

Cato the Elder

45
Q

What novus homo ended all of his speeches with the line “Carthago delenda est”?

A

Cato the Elder

46
Q

What is a novus homo?

A

first person in family to earn consulship

47
Q

What war began when Massinissa began making raids against Carthage causing it to retaliate and violate its treaty with the Romans?

A

Third Punic War

48
Q

Who caused Third Punic War by making raids into Carthaginian territory which forced them to retaliate and violate their treaty with the Romans?

A

Massinissa

49
Q

What adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus destroyed Carthage in 146 BC?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

50
Q

What did Scipio Aemilianus do to ensure Carthage would never be able to grow crops again?

A

salted the fields

51
Q

Who reportedly wept after salting the Carthaginian land because he recognized a similar fate for Rome one day?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

52
Q

Why did Scipio Aemilianus weep after destroying Carthage and salting the earth?

A

recognized a similar fate for Rome one day

53
Q

What Roman general captured Corinth in 146 BC?

A

Mummius

54
Q

What Greek city did Mummius and the Romans capture in 146 BC?

A

Corinth

55
Q

Who captured the Spanish town of Numantia in 133 BC?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

56
Q

What Spanish town did Scipio Aemilianus capture in 133 BC?

A

Numantia

57
Q

What last stronghold of Spanish resistance did the Romans capture in 133 BC?

A

Numantia

58
Q

Who were the famous cousins of Scipio Aemilianus?

A

Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus

59
Q

What is the modern day name of Lusitania?

A

Portugal

60
Q

What was the ancient name of Portugal?

A

Lusitania

61
Q

What Lusitanian shepherd led a five year resistance against the Romans?

A

Viriathus

62
Q

Who captured an army of 50,000 Romans in Lusitania in 141 BC?

A

Viriathus

63
Q

After he freed a trapped army of 50,000 Romans in return for peace, what Lusitanian shepherd was killed by three traitors?

A

Viriathus

64
Q

From 146-141 BC who led an army of Lusitanians in resistance to the Romans?

A

Viriathus

65
Q

How did Viriathus die?

A

Romans bribed traitors to kill him in his sleep

66
Q

What Spanish stronghold did the Romans starve into submission in 133 BC?

A

Numantia

67
Q

Who negotiated with Numantia for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

68
Q

With what city did Tiberius Gracchus negotiate for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?

A

Numantia

69
Q

Who bequeathed his kingdom of Pergamum to the Romans in 133 BC?

A

Attalus III

70
Q

What kingdom did Attalus III bequeathe to the Romans in his will in 133 BC?

A

Pergamum

71
Q

Name both Gracchi brothers?

A

Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus

72
Q

Who were the famous sons of Cornelia whom she called her “jewels”?

A

Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus

73
Q

What did Cornelia call her sons Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus?

A

her jewels

74
Q

Who was the famous father of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi?

A

Scipio Africanus

75
Q

What is a tribune?

A

an official elected to represent the rights of the plebeians

76
Q

How many tribunes were elected each year?

A

10

77
Q

What unique power did tribunes have?

A

power to veto legislation

78
Q

Which political office had the power to veto legislation?

A

tribune

79
Q

What tribune was killed in 132 BC for seeking re-election?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

80
Q

What tribune of 133 BC was killed for proposing radical legislation which favored the plebeians?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

81
Q

What tribune of 123 BC was re-elected before he was killed for proposing radical legislation?

A

Gaius Gracchus

82
Q

What type radical legislation did both Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus try to introduce?

A

redistribution of large estates of land

83
Q

What tribune proposed the creation of the colony Iunonia by redeveloping the area of Carthage?

A

Gaius Gracchus

84
Q

What colony did Gaius Gracchus propose establishing on the site of Carthage?

A

Iunonia

85
Q

Who led the mob which killed Tiberius Gracchus?

A

Scipio Nasica

86
Q

Whose death was brought about by Scipio Nasica and an angry mob?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

87
Q

What consul was responsible for killing Gaius Gracchus?

A

Lucius Opimius

88
Q

Whose death was brought about by Lucius Opimius and the SCU?

A

Gaius Gracchus

89
Q

What is a Senatus Consultum Ultimum?

A

supreme decree of the Senate

90
Q

Who was given the Senatus Consultum Ultimum to kill Gaius Gracchus?

A

Lucius Opimius

Certamen (27 decks)

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