Punnett Squares & Pedigrees Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the definition of alleles?
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Alleles are different forms of a gene that exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles for a trait
Homozygous can be represented as ‘YY’ or ‘yy’.
What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles for a trait
Heterozygous can be represented as ‘Yy’.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
The control center of the cell
The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material.
What are chromosomes?
Thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain DNA
Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA carries genetic instructions essential for the growth and functioning of living organisms.
What is a gene?
A stretch of DNA that codes for traits
Genes are the basic unit of heredity.
Define genotype.
An organism’s genetic makeup or combination of genes
The genotype determines the potential traits of an organism.
Define phenotype.
Physical appearance or visible traits of an organism
Phenotype is the expression of the genotype.
Fill in the blank: A characteristic or feature of one organism that is inherited is called an _______.
inherited trait
Inherited traits can include physical characteristics like hair color or freckles.
What are some examples of inherited traits in humans?
- Freckles
- Eye color
- Hair color
- Dimples
- Face shape
Inherited traits are passed from parents to offspring.
What are some examples of inherited traits in animals?
- Fur color
- Eye color
- Size
- Shape
Similar to humans, animals inherit traits from their parents.
What are some examples of inherited traits in plants?
- Leaf shape
- Plant height
- Flower color
Traits in plants can also be inherited from parent plants.
True or False: Variation in traits is controlled by the environment.
False
Variation is primarily due to genetic differences rather than environmental factors.
