Pure or not Flashcards
Help with separation tech (26 cards)
What are the three primary states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
There are also other states like plasma and Bose-Einstein condensates.
What is the particle model?
A theory that explains the behavior of matter in terms of particles
It describes how particles are in constant motion and interact with each other.
Define ‘elements’.
Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Each element is made up of atoms of the same type.
What are atoms?
The basic units of matter
They consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are compounds?
Substances formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together
They have different properties than the individual elements.
What are molecules?
Groups of two or more atoms bonded together
They can be made of the same or different elements.
What distinguishes pure substances from mixtures?
Pure substances have a uniform and definite composition, while mixtures do not
Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
What are soluble substances?
Substances that can dissolve in a solvent
Examples include salt in water.
What are insoluble substances?
Substances that cannot dissolve in a solvent
Examples include sand in water.
Define ‘solutions’.
Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances
The solute is dissolved in the solvent.
What is concentration?
The amount of solute present in a given volume of solvent
It is often expressed in mol/L or g/L.
What are suspensions?
Heterogeneous mixtures where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid
The particles can settle over time.
Define ‘colloids’.
Mixtures where tiny particles are dispersed throughout a medium
The particles do not settle and cannot be filtered out.
What are emulsions?
Mixtures of two immiscible liquids where one is dispersed in the other
Common examples include oil and water mixtures.
What is the purpose of separating mixtures?
To isolate individual components for further study or use
Different techniques are used depending on the properties of the substances.
What is decanting?
A separation technique where liquid is poured off from solid sediment
It is often used for separating mixtures of liquids and solids.
What is filtration?
A separation process that uses a filter to remove solid particles from a liquid
It is commonly used in water treatment.
What is sieving?
A technique used to separate particles based on size
It involves passing a mixture through a sieve.
What is flotation?
A separation technique where lighter materials float to the surface
It is often used in mining and recycling.
What is evaporation?
The process of converting a liquid into vapor
It is used to separate a solvent from a solution.
What is distillation?
A separation technique that involves heating a liquid to create vapor and then cooling it to collect the liquid
It is used to purify liquids or separate mixtures.
What is magnetic separation?
A process that uses magnets to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones
It is commonly used in recycling.
What is centrifugation?
A separation technique that uses centrifugal force to separate components of different densities
It is often used in laboratories for separating blood components.
What is crystallisation?
A process where a solid forms from a solution as it cools or evaporates
It is used to purify substances.
