Purification

Question 1

What is filtration?

Answer 1

A method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Involves using filter paper in a funnel to allow liquid (filtrate) to pass while retaining solid (residue)

Question 2

What happens during the filtration process?

Answer 2

The mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel, allowing liquid particles to pass through the paper while solid particles remain behind

The liquid collected is called the filtrate, and the solid left is called the residue.

Question 3

What is evaporation?

Answer 3

A method used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Involves heating a solution in an evaporation basin to leave solid crystals behind.

Question 4

What occurs during evaporation?

Answer 4

Water evaporates, leaving solid particles to form in the basin

This process continues until all the water has evaporated.

Question 5

What is distillation?

Answer 5

A method used for separating the solvent from a solution

Example: Separating water from a salt solution due to differing boiling points.

Question 6

How does distillation work?

Answer 6

Salt water is heated, causing water to evaporate; vapour rises, passes into a condenser, cools, and condenses into liquid

The salt remains in the round bottom flask.

Question 7

What is chromatography?

Answer 7

A method for separating dissolved substances from one another

Commonly used for coloured dissolved substances, such as inks or plant dyes.

Question 8

Describe the process of paper chromatography.

Answer 8

A pencil line is drawn on paper, spots of ink are placed on the line, and the paper is lowered into a solvent

The solvent travels up, separating different coloured substances.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: In filtration, the __________ is the liquid that passes through the filter paper.

Answer 9

filtrate

The solid left on the filter paper is referred to as the residue.

Question 10

True or False: During evaporation, the liquid is completely removed, leaving only solid crystals.

Answer 10

True

This is the main goal of the evaporation process.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: In distillation, the __________ is left behind in the round bottom flask.

Answer 11

salt

The process allows for the collection of pure solvent in the distillation apparatus.