Purification [ Taharah ] Flashcards by Nihal Zaidi

Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] and Mixed [ Mudaf ] Water

RULING 13

Water is either Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] or Mixed [ Mudaf ]
Mixed [ Mudaf ] Water is either Water obtained from something such as Watermelon Juice or Rose Water
Mixed Water is also Water that has been mixed with something else [ Mud, etc ] such that it can no longer be called Water
Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water is any Water not of the above type
Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water can be of 5 Types :-

1) Kurr Water

2) Qalil Water

3) Flowing Water

4) Rainwater

5) Well Water

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Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water - Kurr Water

RULING 14

Kurr Water is an amount of Water that fills a container with Dimensions [ Length, Breadth and Depth ] totalling 36 Cubic Hand Spans [ An Average Span Is Approximately 22 centimetres ] which is equivalent to approximately 384 litres

RULING 15

If an Intrinsic Impurity [ Ayn Al Najasah ] [ Urine or Blood ] or something that has
become Impure [ Mutanajjis ] [ Impure Clothing ] comes into contact with Kurr Water, in the event that Kurr Water acquires the Smell, Colour or Taste of that Impurity, it becomes Impure
However, if The Kurr Water does not change in its Smell, Colour or Taste, it does not become Impure

RULING 16

If the Smell, Colour or Taste of Kurr Water changes by means of something that is Not Impure, it does not become Impure

RULING 17

If an Intrinsic Impurity like Blood comes into contact with Water that is more than Kurr and changes part of its Smell, Colour or Taste, in the event that the amount that has not changed is less than Kurr, all the Water becomes Impure
If the amount that has not changed is equal to Kurr or more, only the amount that has changed its Smell, Colour or Taste is Impure

RULING 18

The Water of a Fountain that is connected to Kurr Water purifies Impure Water
However, if it falls on Impure Water drop by drop, it does not Purify It unless something is held over the fountain so that before The Water begins to fall drop by drop, it connects to The Impure Water and for The Fountain Water to Purify The Impure Water, it must mix with The Impure Water

RULING 19

If an Impure Object is washed under a tap that is connected to Kurr Water, The Water that drips from The Object is Pure [ Tahir ] if it is connected to Kurr Water and has not acquired the Smell, Colour or Taste of The Impurity and does not contain an Intrinsic Impurity

RULING 20

If some part of Kurr Water Freezes and The Remaining Water does not amount to Kurr, in the event that an Impurity comes into contact with it, it becomes Impure and however much of the ice melts is also impure.

RULING 21

With regard to Water that had been equivalent to Kurr, if one doubts whether it has become less than Kurr or not, it is to be treated as Kurr Water meaning that it can still Purify an Impure Object and if an Impurity makes contact with it, it does not become Impure as long as its Smell, Colour or Taste does not change
As for Water that had been less than Kurr, if one doubts whether it has become equal to Kurr or not, it is ruled to be [ It Has The Hukm Of ] less than Kurr

RULING 22

There are 2 Ways to establish that a quantity of Water is Kurr :-

1) One is Certain [ He Has Yaqin ] or Confident [ He Has Itminan ] about it even if that is because of what someone has said

2) Two Dutiful [ Adil ] Men report it as so. If One Dutiful or Trustworthy Person or Someone Who Has Possession of The Kurr Water reports it as so but his report does not give One Confidence as to it being True, then The Water being Kurr will not be established [ Based on Obligatory Precaution - Al Ihtiyat Al Wajib ]

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Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water - Qalil Water

RULING 23

Qalil Water is Water that does not gush from The Earth and is less than Kurr

RULING 24

If Qalil Water is poured onto an Impure Object or an Impure Object comes into contact with Qalil Water, The Qalil Water becomes Impure
However, if The Qalil Water is poured over an Impure Object from above, then the amount that comes into contact with the object is Impure and the amount that does not come into contact with it is Pure

RULING 25

Qalil Water that separates from an Impure Object by itself or as a result of Pressure and Suchlike when That Object is Washed or after it has been Washed is called Waste Water [ Ghusalah ] and is Impure [ Najis ]
If before pouring Water onto the object that had become Impure there was no Intrinsic Impurity on it, The Impurity [ Najasah ] of The Waste Water is Based on Obligatory Precaution
There is no difference if that object is from among those things that becomes Pure by Washing Once [ Such As The Impure Inside of A Utensil ] or by Washing More Than Once
If the object is from among those things that must be Washed More Than Once, there is no difference if The Waste Water is from The Final Wash or Before The Final Wash

RULING 26

Qalil Water with which The Urinary Outlet or The Anus are Washed does not make anything it comes into contact with Impure provided that 5 conditions are met :-

1) It does not acquire The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Impurity

2) Another Impurity has not come into contact with it

3) Another Impurity such as Blood has not come out with The Urine or Faeces

4) Particles of Faeces do not appear in The Water

5) A more than usual amount of Impurity has not spread around The Urinary Outlet or Anus

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Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water - Flowing Water

Flowing Water is Water that :-

1) Has A Natural Source [ Such As A Spring, Stream, Subterranean Canal or Meltwater

2) Flows even if it is made to flow by some means

3) Is Continuous [ Generally Speaking ]

It is not necessary that The Water be connected to A Natural Source, therefore, if it is Naturally Disconnected from it [ Such As Water Falling From Above In The Form of Drops ], then as long as it flows on The Earth, it is considered to be Flowing Water
However, if something becomes an Obstacle to The Water connecting to The Source [ For Example, Something Becomes An Obstacle To The Water Falling or Gushing Or Disconnects It From The Source ], then the remaining Water is not ruled to be Flowing Water even if it flows on The Earth

RULING 27

In the event that an Impurity makes contact with Flowing Water even if it is less than Kurr then as long as The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Water does not change by means of The Impurity, it is Pure

RULING 28

If an Impurity makes contact with Flowing Water, the amount of Flowing Water that changes in Smell, Colour or Taste by means of The Impurity is Impure
Flowing Water that is connected to a Spring is Pure even if it is less than Kurr and if The Water that is on The Other Side of The Stream is equal to Kurr or it is connected to The Spring by means of Water that has not changed, it is Pure
Otherwise, it is Impure

RULING 29

The Water of a Spring that is Not Flowing but is such that if Water is taken from it, Water Gushes Out Again is not ruled to be Flowing Water meaning that if an Impurity comes into contact with it and The Water is less than Kurr, it becomes Impure

RULING 30

Water that is Stagnant at The Side of A Stream and is connected to Flowing Water is not ruled to be Flowing Water

RULING 31

A Spring that, for example, Gushes in Winter but does not Gush in Summer is ruled to be Flowing Water only when it Gushes

RULING 32

If The Water of a Basin in a Public Bath is less than Kurr and The Water is connected to The Water of A Tank which together with The Water of The Basin equals Kurr, in the event that The Water of The Basin comes into contact with an Impurity but its Smell, Colour or Taste does not change, The Water does not become Impure

RULING 33

With regard to Water that Pours out from Taps and Showers and Flows in The Pipes of Bathrooms and Buildings, if it is connected to a Source that is equal to or greater than Kurr, it is ruled to be Kurr

RULING 34

With regard to Water that Flows on The Earth but does not Gush from it, in the event that it is less than Kurr and an Impurity comes into contact with it, it becomes Impure
However, if The Water flows from above and an Impurity reaches its Lower Part, its Upper Part does not become Impure

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Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water - Rainwater

RULING 35

If Rain falls once on an Impure Object that does not contain an Intrinsic Impurity, The area that comes into contact with the Rain becomes Pure
However, if a person’s body or some clothing has become Impure by Urine, Rain must fall on it 2 Times for it to become Pure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
As for the Impurity inside of a Utensil, Rain must fall on it 3 Times for it to become Pure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
With Carpets, Clothing and similar things, Wringing [ Extremely Wet / Soaked ] out The Rainwater is not necessary
Of course, A few drops of Rainfall does not suffice, Rather it must be such that it can be commonly said to be raining

RULING 36

If Rain falls on an Intrinsic Impurity and The Water splashes, in the event that none of The Intrinsic Impurity is included in the Splashed Water and The Water does not acquire The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Impurity, The Water is Pure
Therefore, if Rain falls on Blood and The Water splashes, in the event that particles of Blood are present in The Water or it acquires The Smell, Colour or Taste of Blood, it is Impure

RULING 37

If there is an Intrinsic Impurity on The Roof of a Building, then as long as it keeps Raining on The Roof, Any Water that comes into contact with The Impure Object and then falls down from The Roof or Gutter is Pure
However, after it stops raining, if The Water that falls from The Roof or Gutter is known to have made contact with The Impure Object, The Water is Impure

RULING 38

Ground that is Impure becomes Pure if Rain falls on it and if Rainwater begins to flow on The Ground and while it is still Raining it comes into contact with an Impure Area under a Roof [ On Which Rain Cannot Fall Directly ], it Purifies that area as well

RULING 39

If Impure Soil is completely soaked by Rainwater, it becomes Pure on condition that it is not known whether The Water has turned into Mixed Water [ Mudaf Water ] by means of it coming into contact with The Soil

RULING 40

Whenever Rainwater collects in a place [ Even If Its Quantity Is Less Than Kurr ], in the event that an Impure Object is washed in it while it is Raining and The Water does not acquire The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Impurity, The Impure Object becomes Pure

RULING 41

If Rain falls on a Carpet that is Pure and which is spread on ground that is Impure and if while it is Raining, The Water soaks through The Carpet and comes into contact with The Ground, The Carpet does not become Impure and The Ground becomes Pure

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Unmixed [ Mutlaq ] Water - Well Water

RULING 42

With regards to Well Water that Gushes from The Ground [ Even If Its Quantity Is Less Than Kurr ], In the event that an Impurity comes into contact with it, It is Pure as long as its Colour, Smell or Taste does not change

RULING 43

If an Impurity falls into A Well and changes The Water’s Smell, Colour or Taste, In the event that The Change in The Water disappears, it becomes Pure
However, The Water becoming Pure is conditional on it Mixing with The Water that Gushes from The Well [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

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Laws Relating To Different Types Of Water

RULING 44

Mixed Water [ Mudaf Water ] does not Purify an Impure Object and Ritual Bathing [ Ghusl ] and Ablution [ Wudu ] performed with it are Invalid [ Batil ]

RULING 45

Even if its quantity Equals Kurr, Mixed Water [ Mudaf Water ] becomes Impure if A Particle of an Impurity comes into contact with it
However, In the event that it is Poured From Above onto an Impure Object, The amount that comes into contact with The Impurity is Impure and The amount that does not come into contact with it is Pure
For Example, If Rose Water is poured from A Rose Water Bottle onto an Impure Hand, The amount that makes contact with The Hand is Impure and The amount that does not make contact with The Hand is Pure

RULING 46

If Impure Mixed Water [ Mudaf Water ] is Mixed with Kurr Water or Flowing Water in a way that it can no longer be commonly called as ‘ Mixed Water [ Mudaf Water ] ‘, It becomes Pure

RULING 47

Water that was Unmixed and it is not known whether that Water has become Mixed is deemed to be Unmixed meaning that it Purifies an Impure Object and Ritual Bathing [ Ghusl ] and Ablution [ Wudu ] performed with it are Valid [ Sahih ].
Furthermore, Water that was Mixed and it is not known whether that water has become Unmixed is deemed to be Mixed meaning that it does not Purify an Impure Object and Ritual Bathing [ Ghusl ] and Ablution [ Wudu ] performed with it are Invalid [ Batil ]

RULING 48

If it is not known whether some water is Unmixed or Mixed or whether it was previously Unmixed or Mixed, Then such Water does not Purify an Impure Object and Ritual Bathing [ Ghusl ] and Ablution [ Wudu ] performed with it are Invalid [ Batil ]
In the event that an Impurity makes contact with it and The Water is less than Kurr, it becomes Impure and if it is Equal to or More than Kurr, Then it also becomes Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 49

If an Intrinsic Impurity like Blood or Urine comes into contact with Water and changes its Smell, Colour or Taste, it becomes Impure even if it is Kurr or Flowing Water
In fact, The Water also becomes Impure even if The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Water changes by means of an Impurity that is Outside It [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
For example, An Impure Carcass that is lying by The Side of The Water and changes The Water’s Smell

RULING 50

With regards to Water into which an Intrinsic Impurity like Blood or Urine has fallen and there is a change in its Smell, Colour or Taste, In the event that it is either :-

i) Connected to Kurr or Flowing Water

ii) It Rains on it

iii) Wind makes The Rain Fall on it

IV) Rainwater Flows on it from a Gutter while it is raining

In all of these cases, If The Change disappears, it becomes Pure
However, The Rainwater, Kurr Water or Flowing Water must become Mixed with it for it to be considered Pure

RULING 51

If an Impure Object is Purified in Kurr or Flowing Water, The Water that drips from The Object after The Final Wash that makes The Object Pure and after The Object has been taken out of The Water is Pure

RULING 52

Water that was Pure and it is not known whether it has become Impure or not is Pure
Water that was Impure and it is not known whether it has become Pure or not is Impure

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Laws Relating To Emptying The Bowels and The Bladder

RULING 53

It is Obligatory [ Wajib ] for one to cover his Private Parts when emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder and at other times from people who are Duty Bound [ Mukallaf ] even if they are his Maḥram like his Mother and Sister
Similarly, It is Obligatory [ Wajib ] for one to cover his Private Parts from an Insane Person and from a Child who is Mumayyiz [ Someone Who Is Able To Discern Between Right And Wrong ]
However, it is not necessary for a Husband and Wife to cover their Private Parts from each other

Mukallaf = Someone who is Religiously Obliged to Fulfill Religious Duties

Mahram = A person who you are not permitted to Marry on account of being related to them in a particular way such as being their Parent or Sibling

RULING 54

It is not necessary for one to cover his Private Parts with a Particular Object and if for example, he covers his Private Parts with his Hand, It is sufficient

RULING 55

When one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, Neither The Front of The Body [ The Stomach and Chest ] Nor The Back must face The Qibla [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

Qibla = Direction towards The Kaabah in Makkah

RULING 56

When one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, If The Front or Back of his body faces The Qibla and he turns his Private Parts away from The Qibla, It will Not Suffice
Furthermore, When one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, he must not sit in a way that his Private Parts face The Qibla Nor must he sit in a way that His Private Parts face in The Direction that is Directly Opposite The Qibla [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 57

The Recommended Precaution [ Al Ihtiyat Al Mustahabb ] is that The Front or Back of One’s Body should not Face The Qibla while Performing Istibra [ The Laws ( Ahkam ] Of Which Will Be Mentioned Later ] Nor while Purifying The Urinary Outlet and The Anus

Istibra = The Process of clearing The Male Urethra after Urinating

RULING 58

If a person is Obliged to face his Front or Back To The Qibla so that someone who is not his Mahram does not see him, Then he must sit with His Back Facing The Qibla [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 59

The Recommended Precaution [ Al Ihtiyat Al Mustahabb ] is that a child should not be made to sit in a way that His Front or Back Faces The Qibla when he is emptying His Bowels and / or Bladder

RULING 60

It is Unlawful [ Haram ] for one to empty his Bowels and / or Bladder in 4 Places :-

1) In Dead End Alleys without The Owner’s Consent. The same applies to Public Alleys and Roads in The Event that it causes Harm to Pedestrians

2) On The Property of Someone who has not given his consent for one to empty his Bowels and / or Bladder on it

3) In a place that is a Charitable Endowment [ Waqf ] for use by particular groups such as Some Schools

4) On The Graves of Believers whether it is disrespectful to them or not except if the land is Al Mubahat Al Asliyyah [ A Property That Does Not Belong To Anyone In Particular And Can Be Used By People In General ]. The same applies to any place where emptying one’s Bowel and / or Bladder causes Dishonour to one of The Sacred Things of The Religion or Faith

RULING 61 [ Ruling 61 - 68 Concerns A Matter Referred to in Islamic Law as Istinja ]

In 3 Cases, The Anus can be Purified with Water Only :-

1) Another Impurity like Blood comes out with The Faeces

2) An External Impurity comes into contact with The Anus except if Urine comes into contact with The Anus [ In The Case of Women ]

3) If The Area around The Anus has become Impure by an amount that is more than usual

In cases other than these, The Anus can be Purified :-

i) Water [ Always Preferred ]

ii) Cloth

iii) Stone

iv) Similar Items

Istinja = Purification of The Anus and The Urinary Outlet

RULING 62

The Urinary Outlet does not become Pure with anything other than Water :-

i) Washing Once is Sufficient

ii) Washing Twice is The Recommended Precaution

iii) Washing Thrice is The Best

RULING 63

If The Anus is Washed with Water, No trace of Faeces must remain on it
However, there is no problem if The Colour and Smell remain
If No Particle of Faeces remains after The First Time it is Washed, It is not necessary to Rewash it

RULING 64

The Anus can be Purified with :-

i) Stone

ii) A Clod of Earth

iii) Cloth

iv) A Similar Thing if they are Dry and Pure. There is no problem if they have a little moisture that does not Wet The Outlet

RULING 65

It Suffices if The Anus is Completely Purified once with Stone, A Clod of Earth or Cloth
However, It is better to Purify it 3 Times by using 3 Pieces and if it does not become Purified after 3 Times, One must keep trying to Purify it until it becomes Completely Purified
However, There is no problem if Traces remain that are not normally removed except by Washing

RULING 66

It is Unlawful [ Haram ] To Purify The Anus with things that must be respected such as Paper on Which The Name of Allah The Exalted and The Prophets are written
There is no problem in Purifying The Anus with a Bone or Dung

RULING 67

If a person doubts whether or not he has Purified The Anus or Urinary Outlet, It is necessary that he Purify it even if he Habitually Purifies it immediately after emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder

RULING 68

If After Performing Prayers [ Salah ], One doubts whether or not he had Purified The Anus or Urinary Outlet Before Performing Prayers, The Prayers that he performed are Valid [ Sahih ] but he must Purify The Anus or Urinary Outlet for The Next Prayer

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Clearing The Male Urethra of Urine [ Istibra ]

RULING 69

Istibra is a Recommended [ Mustahabb ] act performed by men after urinating in order to be confident that no Urine is left in The Urethra
It is performed in a number of ways one of which is as follows :-

1) After Urinating, The Anus is first Purified if it has become Impure

2) Then, The Middle Finger of The Left Hand is Slid 3 Times from The Anus up to The Scrotum

3) Then, The Thumb is placed on The Penis and The Forefinger is placed under The Penis

4) The Thumb and Forefinger are pulled 3 Times along The Penis up to The Point of Circumcision

5) Finally, The End of The Penis is pressed 3 Times

RULING 70

The Fluid that sometimes comes out of The Penis due to Sexual Arousal is called Madhi and is Pure
The Fluid that sometimes comes out of The Penis after The Ejaculation of Semen is called Wadhi and is also Pure
The Fluid that sometimes comes out of The Penis after Urinating is called Wadi and is Pure if it has not come into contact with Urine
Furthermore, in the event that a man performs Istibra after Urinating and then Fluid comes out and he doubts whether it is Urine or one of these 3 Fluids, it is Pure

RULING 71

If a man doubts whether he has performed Istibra or not and Fluid comes out of The Penis and he does not know whether it is Pure or not, It is Impure
In the event that he performed Wudu [ Ablution ], His Wudu becomes Void [ Batil ]
However, if a man doubts whether The Istibra he performed was correct or not and Fluid comes out and he is unsure whether it is Pure or not, It is Pure and it does not Invalidate his Wudu [ Ablution ] either

RULING 72

If someone who has not performed Istibra becomes confident that No Urine is left in The Urethra due to the passing of time since he Urinated and if he then sees some Fluid and doubts whether it is Pure or not, That Fluid is Pure and it does not Invalidate his Wudu [ Ablution ] either

RULING 73

If a man performs Istibra after Urinating and then performs Wudu [ Ablution ], In the event that after Wudu he sees Fluid that he knows to be either Urine or Semen, It is Obligatory [ Wajib ] that as a precaution he performs Ghusl [ Ritual Bathing ] as well as Wudu [ Ablution ]
However, if he had not performed Wudu [ Ablution ], It is sufficient for him to perform Wudu [ Ablution ] only

RULING 74

There is no Istibra for Women after Urinating
If a Woman sees Fluid and doubts whether it is Urine or not, It is Pure and it does not Invalidate her Wudu [ Ablution ] or Ghusl [ Ritual Bathing ]

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Recommended [ Mustahabb ] Acts When Emptying The Bowels And Bladder

RULING 75

When one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, It is Recommended [ Mustahabb ] that :-

1) He sits in a place where no one sees him

2) When Entering The Lavatory, Enter with The Left Foot First and When Exiting, Exit with The Right Foot First

Furthermore, When one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, It is Recommended [ Mustahabb ] for him to Cover His Head and to place the weight of his body onto his Left Leg

RULING 79

It is Recommended [ Mustahabb ] that one Urinates Before :-

1) Prayers

2) Sleeping

3) Sexual Intercourse

It is also Recommended [ Mustahabb ] that one Urinates After :-

1) Sexual Intercourse

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Disapproved [ Makruh ] Acts When Emptying The Bowels And Bladder

RULING 76

It is Disapproved [ Makruh ] for one to face The Sun or The Moon when he is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder
However, If he covers his Private Parts by some means then it is Not Disapproved [ Makruh ]
It is also Disapproved [ Makruh ] to empty one’s Bowels and / or Bladder :-

1) While facing The Wind

2) On Roads and Streets

3) In Alleyways,

4) In front of The Door of A House

5) Under Fruit Yielding Trees

Furthermore, while one is emptying his Bowels and / or Bladder, It is Disapproved [ Makruh ] to :-

1) Talk

2) Eat

3) Take A Long Time

4) Wash with The Right Hand

However, There is no problem if one is compelled to talk or if one is Remembering Allah The Exalted [ Dhikr ]

RULING 77

It is Disapproved [ Makruh ] to Urinate :-

1) While Standing

2) On Hard Ground

3) In The Nests and Dens of Animals

4) In Water particularly Stagnant Water

RULING 78

It is Disapproved [ Makruh ] to Withhold Passing Faeces and Urine
If Withholding it is in a general sense harmful for The Person then it is Unlawful [ Haram ]

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Impurities [ Najasat ]

RULING 80

10 Things are Impure [ Najasat ]

1) Urine

2) Faeces

3) Semen

4) Corpse

5) Blood

6) Dog

7) Pig

8) Disbeliever [ Kafir ]

9) Wine

10 ) The Sweat of an Excrement Eating Animal

Each of these things is also known as Intrinsic Impurity [ Ayn Al Najasah ]

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Najasat [ Impurities ] - Urine and Faeces

RULING 81

The Urine and Faeces of a Human Being and Every Animal whose Meat is Unlawful [ Haram ] to Eat and whose Blood Gushes Out [ Meaning That If Its Jugular Vein Is Cut, Blood Runs Out With A Gush ] is Impure
The Faeces of An Animal whose Meat is Unlawful [ Haram ] but whose Blood Does Not Gush Out [ Fish That Are Unlawful ( Haram ) To Eat ] as well as The Droppings of Small Animals like Mosquitoes and Flies that Do Not Have Flesh are Pure
Furthermore, The Urine of An Animal whose Meat is Unlawful [ Haram ] and whose Blood Does Not Gush Out must be ‘ Avoided ‘ as it is ruled to be Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
The Term ‘ Avoided [ Ijtinab - Avoid, Abstain, Shun, Stay Away From ] ‘ means it cannot be used for anything that is conditional on being Pure such as Eating, Drinking and Wudu

RULING 82

The Urine and Droppings of Birds whose Meat is Unlawful are Pure but it is better to avoid them [ It Is Better Not To Treat Them As Being Pure ]

RULING 83

The Urine and Faeces of An Animal that eats Excrement are Impure
The same applies to The Urine and Faeces of A Kid [ A Baby Goat ] that has Drunk The Milk of A Pig [ As Per The Details That Will Be Mentioned In The Laws Relating To Types Of Food And Drink ]
The same applies to The Urine and Faeces of An Animal with which A Human Being has had Sexual Intercourse

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Najasat [ Impurities ] - Semen

RULING 84

The Semen of A Man and Every Male Animal whose Meat is Unlawful [ Haram ] and whose Blood Gushes Out is Impure
The Fluid that comes out of A Woman following Sexual Arousal and causes her to be in A State of Ritual Impurity [ Janabah ] [ As Per The Details That Will Be Mentioned In RULING 345 ] has The Ruling of Semen
Furthermore, The Semen of An Animal whose Meat is Lawful [ Halal ] and whose Blood Gushes Out must be Avoided as it is ruled to be Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

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Najasat [ Impurities ] - Corpse

RULING 85

The Corpse of A Human Being is Impure as is The Carcass of An Animal whose Blood Gushes Out Irrespective of Whether it Died Naturally or Was Killed in a manner that is not in accordance with Islamic Law
As for Fish, As they do not have Blood that Gushes Out, They are Pure even if they Die in The Water

RULING 86

Those parts of A Corpse or A Carcass of An Animal that Do Not Contain Life [ Such as Wool, Fur, Fine Wool, Bones and Teeth ] are Pure

RULING 87

If Flesh or something else that contains Life is separated from The Body of A Human Being or An Animal whose Blood Gushes Out while it is Alive, It is Impure

RULING 88

If Small Pieces of Skin from The Lips or Other Parts of The Body are Peeled Off, In The Event that they Do Not Contain Life and are Easily Peeled Off, They are Pure

RULING 89

An Egg that comes out of The Stomach of A Dead Hen is Pure even if The Skin around it has Not Hardened
However, Its Exterior must be Washed with Water

RULING 90

If A Lamb or A Kid Dies before it starts to graze, The Rennet [ A Substance Used For The Curdling of Milk ] in its Stomach is Pure
However, In The Event that The Rennet is Not Liquid, Its Exterior that has come into contact with The Body of The Dead Animal must be Washed

RULING 91

If A Person is not certain whether Medicine, Perfume, Oil, Wax or Soap that has been Imported from A Non Islamic Country is Impure, It is Pure

RULING 92

If there is a probability that some Meat, Fat or Hide has come from An Animal that has been Killed according to Islamic Law, It is Pure
However, If it is obtained from A Disbeliever [ Kafir ] or from A Muslim who obtained it from A Disbeliever [ Kafir ] without investigating whether or not it was from An Animal that was Killed according to Islamic Law, Then The Meat or Fat is Unlawful [ Haram ] to eat but Performing Prayers with The Hide is Permitted [ Ja’iz ]
If it is obtained from A Muslim Market or A Muslim but it is not known whether or not he obtained it from A Disbeliever [ Kafir ] or there is a probability that he has investigated even though he obtained it from A Disbeliever [ Kafir ] then in all of these cases, Eating The Meat or Fat is Permitted [ Ja’iz ] on The Condition that The Muslim had Right of Disposal over it that is particular to Lawful Meat such as selling it for Eating

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Najasat [ Impurities ] - Blood

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RULING 93

The Blood of A Human Being and Every Animal whose Blood Gushes Out is Impure
Therefore, The Blood of An Animal whose Blood Does Not Gush Out such as Fish or Mosquitoes is Pure

RULING 94

If An Animal whose Meat is Lawful to Eat is Killed according to The Instructions of Islamic Law and A Sufficient Amount of The Animal’s Blood Runs Out, The Blood Remaining In It’s Body is Pure
However, The Blood That Goes Back Into The Animal’s Body As A Result of The Animal Breathing or Because Its Head Was At A High Level is Impure

RULING 95

The Recommended Precaution is That The Yolk of An Egg with A Particle of Blood should be Avoided [ It Is Better Not To Consume It ]

RULING 96

The Blood that is sometimes seen when Milking An Animal is Impure and makes The Milk Impure

RULING 97

If Blood that comes from between The Teeth Disappears by Becoming Mixed With Saliva, It is Not Necessary to Avoid Swallowing The Saliva [ It Is Not Ruled To Be Impure ]

RULING 98

If Dead Blood forms Under The Nail or Skin as A Result of A Blow and it becomes such that it can no longer be called Blood, It is Pure but if it can be called Blood and it becomes evident, It is Impure
Furthermore, In The Event that The Nail or Skin is Pierced such that The Blood is considered to be an Outer Part of The Body and if Bringing Out The Blood and Purifying The Area for The Purposes of Wudu [ Ablution ] or Ghusl [ Ritual Bathing ] would cause one Excessive Difficulty [ Mashaqqah ], Then one must Perform Tayammum [ Dry Ablution ]

RULING 99

If A Person does not know whether Some Blood Under The Skin is Dead Blood or if The Flesh has become like that As A Result of A Blow to it, It is Pure

RULING 100

If at The Time of Boiling Some Food, A Particle of Blood Falls into The Food, All The Food and The Pot become Impure
Boiling, Heating and Fire Do Not Purify It [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 101

If it is Not Known Whether Pus that is found around A Wound while it is Healing is Mixed With Blood, It is Pure

Najasat [ Impurities ] - Dogs And Pigs

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RULING 102

Dogs and Pigs are Impure even their Hairs, Bones, Paws, Nails and The Moisture from their Body

Najasat [ Impurities ] - Disbeliever [ Kafir ]

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RULING 103

A Person who Does Not Believe in Allah or His Oneness is Impure
Similarly, The following are Impure :-

1) Extremists [ Ghulat - Those Who Regard One of The Infallible Imams As Allah or Say That Allah Has Immanence ( Is Present, Infused or Indwelling ) ( Hulul - Incarnation ) In The Imams

2) Kharijites [ Khawarij ]

3) Nawasib [ Those Who Display Enmity Towards The Infallible Imams ]

4) Anyone who Rejects Prophethood or any of The Indispensable Aspects of The Religion [ Prayers ( Salah ), Fasting ( Sawm ), etc ] if it is in a way that it amounts to Refuting Prophet Muḥammad albeit in A General Manner

As For The People of The Book [ Ahl Al Kitab - Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians ], They are ruled to be Pure

RULING 104

The Entire Body of A Disbeliever who is Not Kitabi [ Not From Among The People of The Book ] is Impure including The Hair, Nails and The Moisture From The Body
As for An Apostate [ Someone Who Is No Longer A Muslim ), The Rule that applies to him is determined by his New Religious Status
Therefore, If The Apostate Person becomes :-

1) A Kitabi Disbeliever - He is Pure; and if he becomes a

2) Non Kitabi Disbeliever - He is Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 105

If The Father, Mother, Paternal Grandfather and Paternal Grandmother of A Child who is not of The Age of Legal Responsibility [ Baligh ] are Non Kitabi Disbelievers, That Child is also Impure unless he is Mumayyiz [ He Has The Ability To Differentiate Between Right And Wrong ] and Professes Islam in which case he is Pure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
If He Turns Away from His Father and Mother and Inclines Towards Muslims or if He is in The Process of Researching and Investigating, Then Ruling Him as being Impure is Problematic and Therefore, The Requisite Precautionary Action Must Be Taken [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
If either His Father, Mother, Paternal Grandfather or Paternal Grandmother is A Muslim, Then as per the details that will be mentioned in Ruling 210, The Child is Pure

RULING 106

If it is not known whether someone is A Muslim and there is no indication of him being A Muslim, He is pure
However, Other rules of being A Muslim do not apply to him [ For Example, He cannot Marry A Muslim Woman nor be buried in a Muslim Cemetery ]

RULING 107

A person who abuses any of The Infallible Imams on account of his enmity towards them is Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

Najasat [ Impurities ] - Wine

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RULING 108

Wine is Impure
Apart From wine, Other things that Intoxicate A Human Being are Not Impure

RULING 109

Alcohol whether Industrial or Medicinal in all its types is Pure unless it is known and ascertained that The Alcohol has been obtained from The Vaporisation and Distillation of Grape Wine in which case it is Impure

RULING 110

If Grape Juice Bubbles by itself [ Through Fermentation ] or by Cooking, It is Pure
However, It is Unlawful [ Haram ] to drink
Similarly, Boiled Grapes are Unlawful [ Haram ] to Consume but they are Not Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 111

Dates, Currants, Raisins and Their Juice even if they Bubble are Pure and is Lawful [ Ja’iz ] to Consume Them
However, If Date Juice, Currant Juice or Raisin Juice Bubbles and it is known that it will Intoxicate, Then it is Unlawful [ Haram ] to Consume but it is Not Impure

RULING 112

Beer [ Fuqqa ] which is made from Barley and causes A Low Level of Intoxication is Unlawful [ Haram ] to Consume
It is also Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]
However, Barley Water derived from Barley for Medicinal Purposes and does not cause any Intoxication whatsoever is Pure and Lawful [ Ja’iz ] to Consume

Najasat [ Impurities ] - Sweat of An Excrement Eating Animal

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RULING 113

The Sweat of A Camel that Habitually Eats Human Impurity is Impure as is The Sweat of Other Animals that do The Same [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 114

The Sweat of A Person who becomes Junub [ A Person In The State of Ritual Impurity ( Janabah ) ] by Unlawful Means is Pure and Prayers Performed with That Sweat are Valid [ Sahih ]

Ways of Establishing Impurity [ Najasah ]

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RULING 115

There are 3 Ways to establish The Impurity of An Object :-

1) One is Certain or is Confident by Rational Means that The Object is Impure. If one only Supposes [ Has A Zann ] that An Object is Impure, It is not necessary for him to avoid it and it is ruled to be Pure. Therefore, There is no problem in eating in Public Places, Restaurants and Guesthouses where the people who eat there are unconcerned about religious matters and who do not observe laws relating to what is Pure and what is Impure as long as one is Not Confident that the food brought to him is Impure

Someone who is in possession of An Object says it is Impure. For Example, One’s Spouse or Domestic Worker says that A Utensil or something else that they have in their possession is Impure
Two Dutiful Men say that An Object is Impure on condition that they give the reason for its Impurity. For Example, They say that The Object has come into contact with Blood or Urine. If One Dutiful Man or Another Reliable Person says something is Impure but One does not attain confidence in what he says, One must avoid that thing as it is ruled to be Impure [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 116

If on account of not knowing The Islamic Ruling, One does not know whether An Object is Impure or Pure [ For Example, He does not know whether The Droppings of A Mouse are Pure or not ], He must inquire about The Ruling
However, If despite knowing The Ruling, One doubts whether An Object is Pure or not [ For Example, He doubts whether something is Blood or he does not know whether it is The Blood of A Mosquito or The Blood of A Human Being ], Then in These Cases The Object is Pure and it is not necessary for him to Investigate or Ask About t.

RULING 117

An Impure Object about which One doubts whether it has become Pure or Not is Impure
A Pure Object about which One doubts whether it has become Impure or Not is Pure
Even if One is able to know whether The Object is really Impure or Pure, It is Not Necessary for Him to Investigate

RULING 118

If someone knows that One of Two Utensils or One of Two Items of Clothing that he uses has become Impure but does not know which one, He must avoid Both of Them as they are ruled to be Impure
However, If For Example, One does not know whether it is his own clothing that has become Impure or Clothing that he does not have any Right of Disposal Over and which is The Property of Someone Else, It is Not Necessary for him to Avoid It as it is ruled to be Pure

How A Pure [ Tahir ] Object Becomes Impure [ Najis ]

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RULING 119

If A Pure Object Touches An Impure Object and Both or One of Them is Wet such that The Wetness of One Transfers Onto The Other, The Pure Object also becomes Impure
However, It does not become Impure through Multiple Intermediaries [ The Spread of Impurity Is Limited To Two Intermediaries ]
An Example, If The Right Hand has become Impure [ Mutanajjis ] with Urine and After Drying, That Hand Touches The Left Hand with A New Wetness, This Touching causes The Left Hand to become Impure and if After Drying, The Left Hand Touches Something Else such as Some Clothing with A New Wetness, The Clothing also becomes Impure
But, If The Clothing Touches some Other Object with A New Wetness, That Other Object is Not Ruled to be Impure
Therefore, The Third Intermediary [ The Clothing in The Example Above ] is Impure but it Does Not Make Anything Impure
Furthermore, If The Wetness is So Little that it Does Not Transfer onto Another Object, The Pure Object Does Not Become Impure even if it Touches An Intrinsic Impurity

RULING 120

If A Pure Object Touches An Impure Object and One Doubts whether Both or One of Them was Wet or The Wetness was enough to spread onto The Other Object, The Pure Object is Not Considered to have Become Impure

RULING 121

If there are Two Objects and A Person does not know which One is Pure and which one is Impure and afterwards A Pure Object that is Wet touches one of Them, It is Not Necessary to Avoid It as it is ruled to be Pure except in some cases like when Both Objects were previously Impure or when A Pure Object that is Wet Touches Both Objects

RULING 122

If The Ground, Some Cloth or A Similar Thing is Wet, Only That Part of it that An Impurity Touches becomes Impure and Its Other Parts Remain Pure even if The Pure Part is Connected to The Impure Part
The Same Applies to A Cucumber, Melon, Etc

RULING 123

Whenever Syrup, Oil or A Similar Thing is of A Consistency such that when Some Quantity of it is Removed, It Does Not Leave An Empty Space [ Due To The Space Refilling ], Then even if One Part of it Becomes Impure, The Entire Quantity Becomes Impure
However, If it is such that when A Part of it is Removed, It Leaves An Empty Space [ Even If Afterwards It Becomes Filled ], Then only The Part that The Impurity Touches is Impure
Therefore, If [ In The Latter Scenario ] Mouse Droppings Fall Into It, Only The Part that The Droppings Touch is Impure and The Rest is Pure

RULING 124

If A Fly or Similar Insect Sits on An Impure Object that is Wet and Afterwards It Sits on A Pure Object that is also Wet, In The Event that One knows That Impurity Was Carried Along With The Insect, The Pure Object Becomes Impure
If One Does Not Know, The Pure Object Remains Pure

RULING 125

If A Part of The Body Perspires and That Part Becomes Impure and The Sweat goes from That Part to Another Part, Then Whichever Part The Sweat Touches Becomes Impure
If The Sweat does not go to Any Other Part, The Rest of The Body is Pure

RULING 126

If Thick Phlegm from The Nose or Throat Contains Blood, The Part Containing Blood is Impure and The Rest is Pure
Therefore, If The Phlegm Touches The Outer Mouth or Nose, The Area about which One is Certain The Impure Phlegm Touched is Impure and The Area about which One is Doubtful whether The Impure Phlegm Touched or Not is Pure

RULING 127

If A Pitcher that has A Hole in The Bottom of it is placed on Impure Earth, In The Event That Water From The Pitcher Stops Flowing, Collects Under It and Is Considered To Be One With The Pitcher’s Water, The Pitcher’s Water Becomes Impure
However, If The Pitcher’s Water Flows with Pressure, It Does Not Become Impure

RULING 128

If An Object Enters The Body and Comes Into Contact With Some Impurity, In The Event that after Coming Out, It Is Not Tainted With The Impurity, It is Pure
Therefore, If An Apparatus For Inserting Enema or The Water From it Enters The Anus or If A Needle, Knife or Similar Thing is Inserted Into The Body and After Coming Out, It Is Not Tainted With Any Impurity, It Is Not Impure
The Same Applies To Saliva or Mucus of The Nose If It Comes Into Contact With Blood While Inside The Body and Is Not Tainted With Blood After Coming Out

Laws of Impurities [ Najasat ]

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RULING 129

It is Unlawful [ Haram ] to make The Script of The Quran and Its Pages Impure In The Event that this amounts to Disrespect and if they Become Impure, One must Wash them Immediately
In fact, It is Unlawful [ Haram ] to make them Impure even if it does not amount to Disrespect and Washing them would be Obligatory [ Wajib ] [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 130

If The Cover of The Quran Becomes Impure, In The Event that this is Disrespectful to The Quran, One must Wash it

RULING 131

Placing The Quran on An Intrinsic Impurity such as Blood or A Corpse [ Even If The Intrinsic Impurity Is Dry ] is Unlawful [ Haram ] In The Event that it is Disrespectful to The Quran

RULING 132

Writing The Quran with Impure Ink even One Letter of it has the ruling of making it Impure
If it is Written in this way, One must Wash it off with Water or something else to the extent that the Impure Ink Substance is Removed

RULING 133

Selling The Quran to A Disbeliever is Not A Valid Transaction
Giving The Quran to A Disbeliever is Unlawful if it amounts to Disrespect or Insult to The Quran or places it At Risk of Being Disrespected
However, There is No Problem if Giving [ Or Selling ] The Quran to A Disbeliever is for Guiding Him and it would not amount to Disrespect or Insult to The Quran [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]

RULING 134

If A Page of The Quran or An Object that is Necessary To Respect Such As Paper on Which Is Written The Name of :-

1) Allah The Exalted

2) Prophet Muḥammad

3) One of The Infallibles or An Epithet [ Laqab - Nickname or A Description of Someone ] or Kunyah [ Abu ( Father of ), Umm ( Mother of ) ] of These Great Personalities

If any of The Above Objects Falls into A Lavatory, It is Obligatory [ Wajib ] to Take It Out and Wash It even if it Costs Money to do so
If it is Not Possible to take it out, The Lavatory must Not Be Used by those who know about The Fallen Paper until they are Certain The Page has Decomposed
Telling others about this is Not Obligatory [ Wajib ]
Furthermore, If A Turbah of Imam Al Husayn falls into A Lavatory and it is Not Possible to take it out, The Lavatory must not be used until one is Certain The Turbah has completely Dissolved
Kunyah = An Appellation [ Identifying Name or Title ] given to Someone as The Father or Mother of Someone

Turbah = A piece of Earth / Clay on which one places his Forehead when Prostrating

RULING 135

It is Unlawful [ Haram ] to Eat or Drink something that has Become Impure and The Same applies to Feeding That Thing to Someone
However, It is Permitted To Feed That Thing to A Child or An Insane Person
Furthermore, If A Child or An Insane Person eats Impure Food Himself or Makes Food Impure with His Impure Hand and Eats It, It is Not Necessary to Prevent Him from Doing So

RULING 136

There is No Problem in Selling or Lending An Impure Thing that can be Made Pure
However, It is Necessary to Tell The Other Party about The Thing Being Impure on 2 Conditions :-

The Other Party is At Risk of Opposing A Legal Responsibility [ For Example, He Will Use The Impure Thing In His Food or Drink or It Will Invalidate The Wudu ( Ablution ) or Ghusl ( Ritual Cleansing ) With Which He Will Perform An Obligatory Prayer ]. However, If this is Not The Case, It is Not Necessary to Inform Him [ For Example, It is Not Necessary to Inform Him about Impure Clothing with which He Performs Prayers because Wearing Pure Clothing is Not An Absolute Condition ( Al Shart Al Waqi’i ) for The Prayer to be Valid ( Sahih ) ]

2) One Deems it Probable that The Other Party will Heed what he says. Therefore, If One knows that what He says will have No Effect, It is Not Necessary to Tell Him

Al Shart Al Waqi’i = An Absolute Condition is One that Must be fulfilled for An Action to be Valid [ Sahih ] Irrespective of The Performer’s State of Knowledge with regard to That Condition. For Example, Performing Ruku’ [ Bowing ] in Prayers is An Absolute Condition for The Prayer to be Valid because even if A Person Omits It Unknowingly and Realises This Afterwards, His Prayer is Void and He Must Repeat It. However, Wearing Pure Clothing in Prayers is not An Absolute Condition because if One Performs Prayers with Impure Clothing and Realises This Afterwards, His prayer is deemed to be Valid [ Sahih ]

RULING 137

If A Person sees Someone Eating or Drinking Something Impure or Performing Prayers with Impure Clothing, It is Not Necessary to tell him

RULING 138

If A Place in Someone’s House or if Someone’s Carpet is Impure and One sees that The Wet Body, Dress or Another Object of People who are entering his house Touches The Impure Object, In The Event that it was He Who Was Responsible for this State of Affairs, He Must tell them provided that The Two Conditions Mentioned in Ruling 136 are Fulfilled

RULING 139

If The Owner of A House Finds Out during A Meal that The Food is Impure, He must tell The Guests about it provided that The Second Condition mentioned in Ruling 136 is Fulfilled
However, If One of The Guests finds out, It is Not Necessary for him to tell The Others about it
Furthermore, In The Event that his dealings with The Other Guests are such that if They Became Impure he would also Become Impure and this would result in him doing something that was Contrary To An Obligatory Religious Ruling, He must tell them

RULING 140

If A Borrowed Object Becomes Impure, The Person Who Borrowed The Object Must Inform The Owner about this provided that The Two Conditions Mentioned in Ruling 136 are Fulfilled

RULING 141

If A Child says An Object is Impure or he has Washed Something with Water, His Word is Not to be Accepted
However, If A Child who is Mumayyiz [ Able To Differentiate Between Right And Wrong ] and Understands well what Purity and Impurity are says he has Washed Something with Water then In The Event that The Object is at His Disposal or One Attains Confidence in what he says, His Word is to be Accepted
The same applies if He Says An Object is Impure

Things That Purify An Impure Object [ Mutahhirat ]

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RULING 142

There are 12 Things make an Impure Object Pure
These are known as Mutahhirat :-

1) Water

2) Earth

3) The Sun

4) Transformation [ Istihalah ]

5) Change [ Inqilab ]

6) Transfer [ Intiqal ]

7) Islam

8) Subsequence [ Taba’iyyah ]

9) Removal of The Intrinsic Impurity

10) Istibra of An Excrement Eating Animal

1) Absence of A Muslim

12) Draining of Blood From A Slaughtered Animal

The Rules about These Things will be mentioned in detail in The Forthcoming Rulings [ Masa’il ]

Mutahhirat - Water

RULING 143 - Water makes an Impure Object Pure provided that 4 Conditions are met :- 1) The Water must be Unmixed [ Mutlaq ]. Therefore, Mixed [ Mudaf ] Water such as Rosewater and Willow Essence does not make an Impure Object Pure 2) The Water must be Pure 3) When an Impure Object is Washed, The Water must not turn into Mixed [ Mudaf ] Water before The Object has become Pure and in cases where only one Wash is required, The Water must not attain The Smell, Colour or Taste of The Impurity. However, In other cases, There is no problem if The Water changes [ For Example, If A Person Washes An Object With Kurr Water or Qalil Water And It Is Necessary To Wash That Object Twice, Then Even If In The First Wash The Water Changes Its Colour, Smell or Taste Because of The Impurity, If In The Second Wash He Purifies The Object With Water That Does Not Change, The Object Becomes Pure ]. 4) After Washing an Impure Object, Small Particles of The Intrinsic Impurity must not remain on The Object. Purifying an Impure Object with Qalil Water [ Water That Is Less Than Kurr Water ] has other conditions which will be mentioned later RULING 144 - The Impure Inside of A Utensil must be Washed 3 Times with Qalil Water - Similarly, It must be washed 3 Times with Kurr Water, Flowing or Rainwater [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - A Utensil that A Dog has Licked or Drank Water / Liquid out of must first be Scrubbed with Pure Soil then that Soil must be discarded and The Utensil Washed 2 Times with Qalil Water, Kurr Water or Flowing Water - If A Dog's Saliva falls into A Utensil or Its Sweat , Urine or Excrement touches the inside of it or A Wet Part of a Dog's Body touches the inside of A Utensil, Then, The Utensil must first be Scrubbed with Pure Soil then that Soil must be discarded and The Utensil Washed 3 Times with Water [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - If A Dog licks something other than A Utensil such as A Person's Hand, The Rule for Utensils does not apply and Scrubbing it with Soil is not necessary - Instead, Washing it Once is sufficient RULING 145 - If The Mouth of A Utensil that A Dog has licked is Narrow, Soil must be Poured into it and The Utensil must be Shaken Vigorously so that The Soil reaches all parts of it - After that, It must be Washed in the manner mentioned above RULING 146 - The Inside of A Utensil that A Pig has licked or drank some liquid out of or in which A Field Mouse has Died must be Washed 7 Times with Qalil Water, Kurr Water or Flowing Water and it is not necessary to Scrub it with Soil RULING 147 - A Utensil that has become Impure with Wine must be Washed 3 Times even with Kurr Water, Flowing Water of Suchlike - The Recommended Precaution is to Wash it 7 Times RULING 148 - If A Pitcher made from Impure Clay or A Pitcher which Impure Water has Permeated is placed in Kurr Water or Flowing Water, Wherever The Water reaches becomes Pure - If A Persons wants its inside to be Pure as well, It must stay in Kurr Water or Flowing Water for such a length of time that The Water Permeates all of it - Furthermore, If A Utensil has some Liquid that precents Water from reaching its inside, It must be Dried and then placed in Kurr Water or Flowing Water RULING 149 - An Impure Utensil can be Washed with Qalil Water in 2 Ways :- 1) By Filling it 3 Times with Water and Emptying it out each time 2) By Pouring some Water in it 3 Times and each time Swirling The Water around in a manner that reaches all The Impure Parts and then emptying it out RULING 150 - If a large container like a Cauldron or Barrel becomes Impure, In The Event that it is Filled and Emptied 3 Times, It becomes Pure - The same applies if Water is Poured into it from above 3 Times in a manner that it reaches all its Sides and Each Time The Water that collects at The Bottom is Emptied Out - The Recommended Precaution is that on The 2nd and 3rd Time, The Container that is used to empty out The Water should be Washed with Water RULING 151 - If some Impure Metal, Plastic or Suchlike is Melted and in The Melting Process, The Inside of it also becomes Impure, Then In The Event that it is Washed with Water after it has Solidified, Its Exterior becomes Pure RULING 152 - A Tanur [ Fire Heated Oven For Baking Bread ], A Pool of Water and Suchlike do not have The Rule of Utensils and therefore becomes Pure by Washing it 1 Time -If A Tanur or Pool of Water do not have Holes or Outlets through which Water can Drain and Water collects at The Bottom, Then In The Event that One wants to Purify The Area with Qalil Water, He must take out The Water with a Sponge, Container or Suchlike RULING 153 - If an Impure Object is Immersed Once in Kurr Water or Flowing Water such that The Water reaches all its Impure Areas, It becomes Pure - In The Case of A Rug, Clothing or A Similar Thing, It is not necessary to Squeeze or Wring it or Stamp on it - Furthermore, In case A Person's Body or Clothing becomes Impure with Urine, Then it is necessary to Wash it 2 Times with Kurr Water and The Like [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - However, If Flowing Water is used, It becomes Pure by Washing it 1 Time RULING 154 - If A Person wants to Wash with Qalil Water an Object that has become Impure with Urine, In The Event that Water is Poured over it 1 Time and separates from it and Urine does not remain on The Object, It becomes Pure - However, With Clothing and A Person's Body, Water must be Poured over it 2 Times for it to become Pure - As for Washing Clothing, Rugs and Similar Things with Qalil Water, One Must Wring Them until the Remaining Water comes out [ The Meaning of The Remaining Water Is Water That Usually Drips Out By Itself or By Wringing At The Time of Washing And After Washing ] RULING 155 - If an Object becomes Impure with The Urine of A Breastfeeding Boy / Girl who has not started Weaning, In The Event that some Water [ However Little It May Be ] is Poured over it 1 Time so that it reaches The Whole of The Impure Area, It becomes Pure - However, The Recommended Precaution is that Water should be Poured over it a Second Time - In The Case of Clothing, Rugs and Similar Things, Wringing is Not Necessary RULING 156 - If an Object becomes Impure by Something other than Urine, In the event that The Impurity is removed and Qalil Water is Poured Over it 1 Time and Separates from it, It becomes Pure - However, Clothing and Similar Things must be Wrung so that The Remaining Water comes out RULING 157 - If A Hasir [ A Mat That Is Made By Plaiting or Weaving Straw, Weed or Similar Materials of Plant Origin ] that has been Woven with Thread becomes Impure and is Immersed in Kurr Water or Flowing Water, It becomes Pure after The Intrinsic Impurity has been Removed - However, If A Person wants to Wash it with Qalil Water, It must be Squeezed in whatever way possible even by Stamping on it so that The Remaining Water separates from it RULING 158 - If The Exterior of Wheat, Rice and Suchlike becomes Impure and it is Immersed in Kurr Water or Flowing Water, It becomes Pure - It is also possible to Purify it with Qalil Water - If their Interior becomes Impure, In The Event that Kurr Water of Flowing Water reaches The Interior, It becomes Pure RULING 159 - If The Exterior of Soap becomes Impure, It is possible to Purify It - However, Ifi its Interior becomes Impure, It is not possible to Purify it - If A Person doubts whether Impure Water has reached The Soap's Interior or not, It is Pure RULING 160 - If The Exterior of Rice, Meat and Suchlike becomes Impure, In The Event that it is placed in a Pure Bowl or something similar and Water is Poured over it 1 Time and Emptied, It becomes Pure - If it is placed in an Impure Utensil, This Procedure must be carried out 3 Times for The Utensil to become Pure - If A Person wants to place A Cloth or Something Similar that needs to be Squeezed in A Utensil and Wash it Water, He must Squeeze The Object each time Water is Poured over it and Tilt The Utensil so that The Remaining Water that has gathered Pours out RULING 161 - If Impure Clothing that has been Dyed with Indigo or Something Similar is Immersed in Kurr Water or Flowing Water, It becomes Pure if The Water reaches all parts of it before The Water becomes Mixed with The Colour of The Clothing - If it is Washed with Qalil Water, In The Event that at the time of Wringing, The Mixed Water does not come out, It becomes Pure RULING 162 - If Clothing is Washed with Kurr Water or Flowing Water and afterwards, Some Sludge, For Example is found on it, In The Event that One does not deem it probable for it to have prevented The Water from reaching The Clothing, The Clothing is Pure RULING 163 - If after washing Clothing or something similar, Some Mud or Soap is seen on it, in the event that one does not deem it probable for it to have prevented the water from reaching the clothing, the clothing is Pure - However, If Impure Water reaches the inside of the Mud or Soap, the outside of the Mud or Soap is Pure and the Inside is Impure RULING 164 - An Impure Object does not become Pure until the Intrinsic Impurity is removed from it - There is no problem, However, If the Smell or Colour of The Impurity remains on it - For Example, If Clothing that has become Impure with Blood is washed with Water and The Blood Substance is removed but the Colour of The Blood remains, the Clothing is Pure and even if The Colour of The Blood could be removed by using a Cleaning Product, It is not necessary to do so RULING 165 - If Impurity on The Body is removed by Immersion in Kurr or Flowing Water, The Body becomes Pure except if it has become Impure with Urine in which case it does not become Pure by washing it once with Kurr Water [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - However, It is not necessary for one to come out of The Water and then go back in, Rather, It will suffice if the person wipes The Impure Part Underwater with his hand such that The Water separates from that part and then goes over it once again RULING 166 - With regard to Impure Bits of Food that have remained in between The Teeth, If Water [ Albeit Qalil Water ] is Gargled and it reaches all The Bits of Impure Food, They become Pure RULING 167 - If The Hair on one’s Head and Face become Impure and is washed with Qalil Water, In Case there is not a lot of hair, It is not necessary to apply pressure to take out The Remaining Water because a regular amount of Water will come out of its own accord RULING 168 - If an area of The Body or Clothing is washed with Qalil Water, Both The Impure Area and The Area around it where Water usually reaches during washing become Pure - Therefore, It is not necessary to wash those adjoining areas separately - The same applies if a Pure Object is placed by the side of an Impure Object and Water is poured over both of them - For Example, To wash one Impure Finger with Water, If Water is poured on all The Fingers and Impure Water as well as Pure Water reaches all of them, Then by The Impure Finger becoming Pure, All The Fingers become Pure RULING 169 - Meat or Fat that has become Impure is washed with Water like any other object - The same applies if The Body, Clothing or a Utensil has a Little Fat on it that does not prevent water from reaching it RULING 170 - If a Utensil or a Body is Impure and afterwards it becomes Greasy such that Water is prevented from reaching it, In the event that one wishes to wash The Utensil or The Body with Water, He must first remove The Grease so that Water can reach it RULING 171 - Tap Water that is connected to Kurr Water is ruled to be Kurr Water RULING 172 - If a person washes an object with Water and he becomes certain that it has become Pure, But afterwards he doubts whether he removed The Intrinsic Impurity from it or not, He must rewash it with Water until he is Certain or Confident that The Intrinsic Impurity has been removed - However, If he suffers from Obsessive Doubting [ Waswas ], He must not Heed his Doubt RULING 173 - If Ground that absorbs Water [ Such as Ground on which there is Sand or Pebbles ] becomes Impure, It can be Purified with Qalil Water RULING 174 - If Ground paved with Stone or Brick or Hard Ground that does not absorb Water becomes Impure, It can be Purified with Qalil Water - However, One must pour Water over it to the extent that it flows - If The Water poured over it does not disappear down holes in The Ground but instead Gathers Somewhere, Then to Purify that place, The Gathered Water must be removed with a Cloth or a Utensil RULING 175 - If The Exterior of Rock Salt and suchlike becomes Impure, It can be Purified with Qalil Water RULING 176 - If Impure Melted Sugar is turned into Sugar Cubes and placed in Kurr or Flowing Water, It does not become Pure

Mutahhirat - Earth

RULING 177 - Earth Purifies The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe on 4 Conditions :- 1) The Earth is Pure 2) The Earth is Dry. However, There is no problem if there is Some Wetness or Moisture on The Earth that does not spread 3) The Impurity has Spread onto The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe from Impure Earth [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] 4) An Intrinsic Impurity [ Such as Blood and Urine ] or An Object that has Become Impure [ Such as Mud that has Become Impure and is on The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe ] is removed by Walking or Rubbing The Foot on Earth and in The Event That The Intrinsic Impurity had previously been removed, Then, The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe does not become Pure by Walking or Rubbing The Foot on Earth [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ]. Furthermore, The Earth must be of Soil, Stone, Brick or Something Similar. Therefore, Walking on a Rug, Hasir and Grass does not Purify The Impure Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe RULING 178 - The Impure Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe does not become Pure by Walking on Asphalt or Ground Paved with Wood [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - Similarly, It does not become Pure by Rubbing it against or drawing it along a wall RULING 179 - In order to Purify The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe, It is better to Walk a Distance of 15 Cubits [ Dhiras ] [ 15 Cubits Is Approximately 7 Metres ] or More, Even if The Impurity is removed by Walking Less Than 15 Cubits or by Rubbing The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe on Earth RULING 180 - It is Not Necessary for the Impure Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe to be Wet - It becomes Pure by Walking even if it is Dry RULING 181 - After The Impure Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe has become Pure by Walking, The Area on The Sides of The Sole that usually becomes Dirty with Mud also becomes Pure RULING 182 - If The Palms or Knees of Someone who moves around on His Hands and Knees Become Impure, They do not Become Pure as a result of him moving around on them [ Based on Obligatory Precaution ] - The Same applies to The Bottom of A Walking Stick, The Bottom of An Artificial Leg, The Shoe of A Quadruped Animal, The Wheel of A Motorcycle or Car and Similar Things RULING 183 - After Walking, There is no problem if The Smell, Colour or Small Particles of Impurity That Cannot Be Seen remain on The Sole of One’s Foot or Shoe - However, One should Walk to The Extent that this is also removed [ Recommended Precaution ] RULING 184 - The Inside of a Shoe does not become Pure by Walking - Furthermore, The Soles of Socks do not become Pure as a result of Walking unless The Sole is made of Leather and Suchlike and Walking on them on Earth is considered Normal

Purification [ Taharah ] Flashcards

(26 cards)