Purposes of informal language

Question 1

Encouraging Intimacy

Answer 1

a sense of closeness and connection between people

Question 2

Encouraging solidarity

Answer 2

a feeling of unity between individuals, based on shared experiences, views, values or aims

Question 3

Encouraging equality

Answer 3

a sense that people involved in a particular exchange have equal status and are deserving of respect

Question 4

Linguistic innovation

Answer 4

Manipulation of language features to create something new.

Question 5

Promoting social harmony

Answer 5

avoids conflict, is respectful of others feelings and promotes shared understanding.
expressing agreement, appreciation or mutual interest with the core purpose of fostering a sense of unity and cooperation between speech act participants.

Question 6

Negotiating social taboos

Answer 6

navigating topics that are often considered sensitive or controversial, or that are typically avoided in social contexts.

Question 7

Building rapport

Answer 7

forging a positive, close-knit relationship in which those involved can understand each others feelings and ideas.

Question 8

Positive Politeness

Answer 8

language strategies that reflect how another person is valued and seen positively by others. Eg, compliments, nicknames

Question 9

Negative Politeness

Answer 9

language strategies that respect another individual’s ability to act as they like and reduce any constraints on their freedom. Eg, “can you close the door”

Question 10

Positive Face needs

Answer 10

being valued and respected

Question 11

Negative Face needs

Answer 11

having agency and freedom

Question 12

threats to positive face needs

Answer 12

Disapproval
Criticism
Complaints
Accusations
Disagreements
Also discussion of things like: violent emotions, taboo topics, bad news etc

Question 13

threats to negative face needs

Answer 13

Orders
Requests
Suggestions
Threats
Warnings
Interruptions

Question 14

In-group membership