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Renal II Exam 1 > Puthoff Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Puthoff Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What phase of ATI shows hypokalemia?

A

Recovery

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2
Q

Ischemic necrosis causes what kind of damage and where?

A

Patchy

PCT, PST, TAL

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3
Q

Defect of thin basement membrane disease due to a mutation in what?

A

Alpha3 or alpha4 type 4 collagen

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4
Q

What is being describe with these classic features?

Fever
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neurologic symptoms 
Renal failure (50% of Pts)
A

TTP

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5
Q

How long does the initiation phase of ATI last?

What symptom?

A

36 hours

Oliguria

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6
Q

Papillary necrosis is caused by what?

A

DM
Analgesic nephropathy
Obstruction

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7
Q

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is characterized by what?

A

Azotemia
Inability to concentrate the urine
Polyuria

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8
Q

What is associated with non-epidemic, non-diarrheal, inherited mutations of proteins that regulate complement?

A

Atypical HUS

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9
Q

End stage diabetic nephrosclerosis can produce what?

A

Diffuse granular pitted surface

Marked thinning of renal cortex

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10
Q

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is often associated with what?

A

Proteus

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11
Q

What is the following morphology describing?

Diffuse capillary BM thickening
Diffuse Mesangial sclerosis
Nodular glomerulosclerosis

A

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

What is associated with bloody diarrhea due to E. coli and is an epidemic snydrome?

A

Typical HUS

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13
Q

What injury causes PCT cells to swell and show vacuolization?

A

Ethylene glycol

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14
Q

Atypical HUS mostly seen in whom?

A

Pregnant
Immunosuppressed
Malignant HTN

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15
Q

Where are the most mitochondria (highest energy requirements) located in the tubules?

A

PCT

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16
Q

Papillary necrosis with pale gray necrosis limited to the papilla is caused by what?

A

DM

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17
Q

Most patients are ______ for the defective gene in thin basement membrane disease

A

Heterozygous

Autosomal inheritance

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18
Q

What anatomic defects predispose to pyelonephritis?

A

VUR

Intrarenal reflux

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19
Q

Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis is characterized by what morphologically?

A

Increase in cellularity
Enlarged glomerulus
Decrease in urinary space

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20
Q

What is described by the following morphology?

Hyaline arteriosclerosis, cortical adherence, compressed lumen?

A

Benign nephrosclerosis

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21
Q

50% of children with UTI have what?

A

VUR

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22
Q

What disease shows “wire loops” on light microscopy and subendothelial dense deposits on EM?

A

Lupus nephritis

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23
Q

What is associated with defects in ADAMTS13?

What involvement is most prominent?

Most common in whom?

A

TTP

Neurologic

Females under 40

24
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of renal artery stenosis?

Occurs most often in whom?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Young women

25
Another name for diabetic glomerulosclerosis?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease
26
What causes embolization of plaques from the aorta or renal artery after AA surgery, aortography or intra-aortic cannulization?
Atheroembolic renal disease
27
What is Seen in interlobular arteries containing cholesterol crystals which appear as rhomboid clefts?
Atheroembolic renal disease
28
What causes acute tubular injury?
Ischemia | Toxic injury
29
What causes renal artery stenosis and HTN in an ischemic kidney?
Increased production of Renin
30
What causes vasoconstriction within the tubules?
RAS Endothelin Decreased NO Decreased PGI2
31
What is characterized by hematuria and hyposthenuria with patchy papillary necrosis?
Sickle cell nephropathy
32
What are predisposing conditions to pyelonephritis?
Diabetes | Pregnancy
33
What phase of ATI shows hyperkalemia?
Maintenance
34
What is the most common etiology of large vessel disease? What vessels?
atherosclerosis Renal artery and abdominal aorta
35
Clinical features of thin basement membrane disease? Prognosis?
Asymptomatic hematuria Excellent
36
What are the only 2 things that cause damage to the calyces?
Chronic pyelonephritis | Analgesic nephropathy
37
Toxic necrosis causes what kind of damage and where?
Continuous PCT, PST Patchy in TAL
38
Coagulative necrosis of both glomeruli and tubules caused by obstetric emergencies, septic shock, surgery complications, is what condition?
Diffuse cortical necrosis
39
Some people with analgesic nephropathy may develop what?
Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis
40
What is the most common cause of benign familial hematuria?
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
41
What disease is described by the morphology of acute inflammation in tubules, cortical surface with yellow-gray areas of pus and abscess but spares the glomerulus?
Acute pyelonephritis
42
Inheritance pattern of Alport? Defect in what?
X-linked Type 4 collagen
43
What disease has hematuria, chronic renal failure, nerve deafness, lens dislocation, posterior cataracts?
Alport
44
What is a bacterial infection of the kidney parenchyma?
Acute pyelonephritis
45
What are the most common causes of UTI?
E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
46
Pyelonephritis most often occurs how?
95% arise via ascending infection from bladder
47
What people may develop renal failure from benign nephrosclerosis?
Africans HTN DM
48
What disease has an EM that shows irregular thickening of the BM and appears "moth-eaten"?
Alport syndrome
49
The following morphology describes what? Fibrinoid necrosis, "onion-skinning", hyperplastic arteriolitis, "flea-bitten" appearance of renal hemorrhages?
Malignant nephrosclerosis
50
Papillary necrosis that is red-brown necrotic papilla sloughed into the calyx is caused by what?
Analgesic nephropathy
51
What results in polar scarring of the kidney?
VUR with chronic pyelonephritis
52
"Rosary sign" associated with what?
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery
53
What can sometimes cause acute pyelonephritis?
Polyoma virus
54
What disease is seen where blunting of the calyces occurs?
Chronic pyelonephritis
55
What vessel is majorly effected in malignant nephrosclerosis?
Afferent arteriole

Renal II Exam 1 (6 decks)

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