PX Random Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
The consultant’s involvement is planned out during _______, and billing is first reviewed and approved in _______ design.
Which interior design service is specific to the contract administration phase of a project?
A
Programming
Schematic
Review Shop drawings - the vendor’s
2
Q
The 3-part technical sections in the CSI MasterFormat specs refer to?
A
General, products, and execution
3
Q
What are the three phases of the design process?
A
the analysis phase (Pre-design/Programming)
the synthesis phase (Schematic Design)
the implementation phase
-The three areas of the implementation phase of a project include: the construction drawings, written specifications
4
Q
What is one of the most important reports used by an interior design firm to monitor project progress, revenue and expenses and can be used to take corrective action for finances?
A
project progress report.
5
Q
What are the three areas of the implementation phase of a project?
What are these three components referred to as?
A
the construction drawings, written specifications
contract documents
6
Q
An all-air system
A
can be subdivided into as many individually controlled areas as needed.
7
Q
When an addendum is issued, it is sent to all bidders no later than ________ days before receipt of bids to give all bidders ample opportunity to study the document and modify their proposals accordingly.
A
4 days
8
Q
Project Notebook vs Project Manual?
A
Do not confuse the project NOTEBOOK (Project Management) with the PROJECT MANUAL (Construction Specifications).
-PROJECT NOTEBOOK - For design team/PM (PM will typ. have). Punch list (substantial completion), submittals and shop drawings (they receive these from GCs and consultants), budget, fees, General reference (names/contacts), programming, job communication (forms (submittals/addenda, etc.), meetings notes, etc.). It does have contracts, for reference, to make sure they are upheld.
For filing purposes!
-PROJECT MANUAL - For contractors and vendors, anything that they would need to know! Bid requirements, contracts, bonds (they have to pay/adhere to - GC gives to owner), Insurance documents, General Conditions, specs (this is basically a spec book), NO DRAWINGS.
Typ. for larger projects.
The interior designer does not keep a copy of the bonds as they are not the interior designer’s responsibility.
9
Q
What is a Bulletin?
A
A bulletin is used to formally issue changes to the construction documents, including drawings and specifications, after the construction contract has been issued. Revisions issued via a bulletin may have a cost impact and become change orders.
This is similar to an addendum, which is a change before the contract is awarded.
A bulletin may include what is referred to as an ASI — Architect’s Supplemental Instruction.
A bulletin directs the contractor to provide pricing for the proposed changes. The contractor proceeds if the client accepts the pricing. Changes to drawings issued in a bulletin are clouded and noted with a number (within a Delta symbol) and date.
A typical bulletin includes:
Letter of transmittal listing all items sent with the bulletin
REVISED drawings sheets, not the entire drawing set
REVISED specifications sheets, not the entire spec book
Sheet-by-sheet narrative of the changes
10
Q
The requirements for how bidders should propose a substitution is found in the
A
For bidding, the procedure a contractor must follow to propose a substitution is in the instructions to bidders.
After the contract is awarded, the specification requirements can be found in the General Requirements.
There is no such document as “bidding procedures”.
11
Q
An allowance is for?
What is a contingency?
A
An allotment for bids when you cannot determine the actual cost of a product.
Part of a project’s budget put aside to cover any unforeseen costs, risks, events, or changes in scope that may affect the project’s cost over the course of it’s life.
This money is on reserve and is not allocated to any specific area of work.
12
Q
Substantial Completion vs Certificate of Occupancy?
A
Substantial Completion - ISSUED BY THE DESIGNER
-The date certified by the architect or interior designer when the contracted work is sufficiently complete, in accordance with the contract documents, so that the owner may occupy it for the intended use.
-Upon issuing a certificate of substantial completion, the final application for payment is processed. The designer will review the last payment application from the GC and issue the final certificate for payment. Warranties and utility and maintenance responsibilities shift at this point.
Certificate of Occupancy - ISSUED BY AHJ/ local building office
- Issued after substantial completion. The contractor gives this to the owner with the warranties, drawings, extra material, etc.
13
Q
Who has the authority to stop construction?
Who has the authority to reject work that does not conform to contract documents?
A
Only the owner.
The interior designer.
14
Q
Claims and change orders.
A
-A construction claim is simply a demand for something due. The most common residential construction claims are filed for delay, payment disputes, unforeseen site conditions and damages.
-During a construction project, a “Claim” typically refers to a formal request by one party (usually the contractor or the owner) for compensation or other relief due to change in circumstances that arose during the work or after the parties entered into a contract.
-A change or modification made after the contract is awarded should be documented with a change order. Once accepted and signed by the appropriate parties, change orders become a part of the contract documents. A change order (CO) requires the signatures of the owner, the architect/designer, and the contractor.
-Interior designers should not allow any changes without a written change order issued to all necessary parties.
15
Q
Packing list vs Bill of Lading?
A
Packing List -Item descriptions and quantities in a shipment that is attached to one of the items shipped- given to the truck driver at the factory.
Bill of Lading -Lists the contents of a shipment from a manufacturer or vendor.
-The two should be compared once the product is delivered to make sure that they match.
16
Q
Who is responsible for providing any lab tests, inspections, and reports required by the contract documents?
When additional testing is required?
A
The owner.
The contractor.
17
Q
Parameter method vs Detailed quality takeoff?
A
Using the totaled unit pricing per material type (when you have a general idea of product and what things cost)
Utilized for a more exact budget (when actual products have been selected)
18
Q
Maximum allowable slope for an accessible ramp?
For an accessible ramp, what is the maximum rise allowed between landings?
A
1:12
30”
19
Q
What two situations require the construction of a fire barrier?
A
-Separation of different occupancies
-An enclosure where there are vertical exits
20
Q
The usage classification assigned to a building or an interior space determines?
A
The various types of fire hazards and the life-safety characteristics of various uses.
21
Q
Two main factors in determining if a space requires two exits rather than just one?
A
Occupancy and it’s occupant load.
22
Q
What is another term for a Sales Agreement (furniture) between ID and client?
A
A proposal (contract) - remember this is between ID and client!
Not the same as a PO!
23
Q
Which occupancy group is the most restrictive?
A
Assembly, because it contains large groups of people
24
Q
IAQ is dependent upon?
A
Limiting pollution sources and on proper ventilation.
25
Allowable building area is determined by?
Occupancy type and building construction type.
26
What is an Aged Accounts receivable report?
Shows the status of all invoices for all projects, whether they have or have not been paid and the “age” of each invoice - that is the amount of time that passed between invoice date and payment date.
27
What is the AIA Contract Document B254-2019?
The standard form of Architect’s Services for Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment.
This contract document positions the Interior Designer or Architect to procure FF&E under a contract separate from design services. It is a scope of services document. Makes the ID the agent of the owner.
28
What is a demand or assertion by the contractor or owner seeking payment of money, an extension of time, an adjustment or interpretation or the contract terms, or other relief from terms of the contract?
A claim
29
Two basic accounting methods?
Cash and Accrual accounting
30
GC vs an CM
-A General Contractor is the firm that builds the project and is responsible for structural work. A project manager leads the GC and is supported by a field superintendent. The general contractor chooses the companies that bid on and execute the project.
The subcontractors are the companies or individuals who do the actual work on the job site. The most common subs are the framers, masons, electricians, plumbers, painters. They work for the general contractor, although they are not employees.
-A Construction Manager - Acts as the agent of the owner advising the ID on material selection, cost and constructability.
The client may hire a construction manager (CM) to oversee the construction process. The construction manager works with the project manager and the general contractor.
31
Pre and Post design vs Programming?
PRE-DESIGN
Preliminary research of client and user needs and goals, project scope and schedule, and interior concept development; zoning and site analyses; selection of project team.
POST-DESIGN -
PROGRAMMING
The process of gathering and analyzing information about the client’s and user’s needs relative to a given project. It involves organization, structure, and goals; functional, behavioral, and cultural needs; budget; existing conditions; codes; and external considerations.
Per the NCIDQ, Pre-Design and programming are essential the same.
32
What is procurement?
The process of acquiring materials, equipment, or services needed to complete a project.
33
What is another name for a floor plan?
A construction plan - typically referred to during residential projects.
34
All fixtures with _______ must be on a? All other fixtures must be located within _______ of a plumbing trench?
Drain
10’
35
Sprinklers are part of fire suppression systems. Where are they required?
All buildings over 75’H per IBC
36
What are Transmittals?
What are transmittal letters?
Transmittals accompany all correspondence between the designer, consultants, contractors, and others involved with a project.
A transmittal letter should be attached to shop drawings, letters, prints, and any change in work orders, plans, and samples. The designer should use a transmittal for anything needing a comment, approval, or request.
Usually, it has two parts: the original goes with the material sent, and a copy is placed in the job file. The fill‐in‐the‐blank format makes it easy to use; it tells the receiver what is being sent for what purpose. It also includes instructions to the receiver for resubmittal or required follow-up action.
37
CSI Specification Divisions
CSI Specification Divisions
Getting Extra Creative Makes Me Want To Observe Fancy Spaces Except For
Super Crazy Highrise Elevators
•Getting = General Requirements - 01
• Extra = Existing Conditions - 02
• Creative = Concrete - 03
• Makes = Masonry - 04
• Me = Metal - 05
• Want = Wood, Plastics, Composites - 06
• TO = Thermal and Moisture Protection - 07
• Observe = Openings - 08
• Fancy = Finishes - 09
• Spaces = Specialties -10
• Except = Equipment - 11
• For = Furnishings - 12
• Super = Special Construction -13
• Crazy = Conveying Equipment -14
• Highrise= Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning - 23
Elevators = Electrical - 26
38
IBC chapters
CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE
CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE
CHAPTER 5 GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS
CHAPTER 6 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES
CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES
CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS
CHAPTER 11 ACCESSIBILITY
CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 30 ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS
39
The amount of time and what is produced in each design phase are listed in the _______. This helps the PM determine fees and lets the client know what to expect as final deliverables.
Proposal
40
As part of project planning, it is important to keep a _______ of deliverables required. The _______ is the list of items given to the client at each milestone per the schedule.
Work plan.
41
What is equivalent facilitation?
The use of designs, products or technologies as alternatives to those prescribed, resulting in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability.
42
When procuring new furniture for a client, what are the steps that the designer should take to protect their own interests?
-Obtain credit application (need to know the client can pay)
-Signed sales agreement
-Approved purchase order
43
Where should turning circles be located in a building?
At the entrance/exit and at all changes in direction to demonstrate accessibility (all doors).
-At areas located within the accessible path of travel
-In a space that implies that all areas are to be used by all employees
44
What are specific restrictions for smoke detectors in residential settings?
-Should not be installed within a specific distance from cooling appliances
-Must be at least 3 feet away from the door of bathrooms with a tub or shower
Kitchens and bathrooms (not half baths)
45
Where are exit signs required?
Exit and exit access doors shall be marked by an approved sign readily visible from any direction of egress travel, where the path of egress is not immediately visible to occupants.
Exit signs should go over doors, corridors, and at changes in direction. In general, use wall-mounted exit signs over doors. Use ceiling mounted in corridors or where it would interfere with other wall-hung items, in this case, art.
Not just from directions of travel, located at major entrances as well.
Find your exit first! All signs should point there.
46
On demolition plans, _______ are used to show walls to be removed and openings to create. _______ are used to show walls and spaces to be filled in.
Dashed lines.
Solid/poched walls.
47
Occupancy sensors/automatic shut off lighting should not be located where?
Within corridors or parts of circulation where automatic shutoff would endanger the safety or security DURING EGRESS.
48
What are the following ANSI/BIFMA standards for?
X5.1
X5.3
X5.4
X5.5
X5.6
X5.9
X5.1 Office Chairs
X5.3 Vertical Files
X5.4 Lounge Seating
X5.5 Desk Products
X5.6 Panel Systems
X5.9 Storage Units: freestanding, mobile, and wall-mounted
49
Where is acoustical separation the most important?
Separating quiet spaces from noisy.
Think bedroom and dining room or office a living room with a tv.
50
What is a written report?
A summary of program and analysis
51
Are bidding documents part of Contract Documents?
No
52
What AIA form is used for Instructions to Bidders?
AIA A701
The Instructions to Bidders should contain information about substitutions. It should specify how and when they'll be considered and the process for reviewing submissions.
The bidder must submit the substitution at least 10 days before the bid opening.
53
When are panic bars required?
It is important that any building occupied by a large number of people be fitted with the panic bars. These include exits to large residential apartments, schools, large office complexes, cinema halls, shopping centers, banks, large health facilities etc.
54
Remember that for fire rated partitions, they require fire rated assemblies. What is included in a fire rated door assembly?
1) self or automatic closing (Closers)
2) latching
3) UL labeled according to NFPA 80, on the door
55
Access panels for AHU should not be located?
In an area conflicting with other items on the RCP or where the ductwork connects with the unit. It should fit within a ceiling tile.
56
Walls and partitions within 2 feet of service sinks, urinals, and water closets in public toilet and bathing rooms must have smooth, hard, nonabsorbent surfaces to a height of not less than _______ above the floor.
4 feet.
This limits the spread of germs and allows easy cleaning. Ceramic tile is often used to meet these requirements. Some jurisdictions also allow epoxy paint.
Exception: This section does not apply to the following buildings and spaces:
1. Dwelling units and sleeping units.
57
In buildings other than dwelling units, the outlets in kitchens, restrooms and other are required to be?
GFI
Ie. break room fridge needs a GFI compared to a residential fridge, that can use a standard duplex outlet.
58
Place one smoke detector in each _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, per the Exhibit, Life Safety Requirements, Fire Protection Systems:
Smoke and heat detector coverage in occupancy group B.
Room, corridor, area separated by partitions, storage areas, and spaces above suspended ceilings.
A smoke detector can serve one group of open offices by locating it such that it covers both the corridor and office areas.
59
Slopes are changes greater than?
Ramps are changes greater than?
1:2 to 1:12
1:20
Changes in landings cannot be more than 30”. Greater than 6” needs handrails.
60
Water fountain spout height?
36”.
61
What is an Organizational design concept vs a Circulation pattern?
Organizational design concepts - Linear, grid
Circulation pattern - Dumbbell, doughnut, radial
62
What is a Parti diagram?
A napkin drawing (quick sketch) or mood board that shows the design concept/theme.
63
What is AIA A201?
General requirements for the ID, owner, and contractor during a project.
For the ID: review shop drawings, site visits durning construction, helps make recommendations and assist the owner.
For the owner: evidence they can pay, provide access to site
For the contractor: responsible for safety, construction methods, etc.
64
Information that is unique to each project can be included in one of 4 areas:
-Bidding requirement, if related to bidding
-Owner-Contractor/Vendor agreement if related to contractual matters
-Supplementary conditions if it modifies General conditions
-Division 01 of the specifications in Project Manual
65
A crucial topic discussed during a pre-construction meeting is the _______ between the contractor and the owner.
Payment procedures
66
During the contract administration phase the interior designer is responsible for verifying?
-Reviewing shop drawings.
-Conduct punch list with contractor and client.
-Verify correction of punch list items.
Punch list items DO NOT TAKE place in Project Close-out.
67
A change order is technically issued by?
Technically a change order is issued by the owner because the owner has the agreement with the contractor, it is prepared by the interior designer, and must be signed by the owner, architect/interior designer, and contractor.
The designer prepares after the owner issues the change.
All changes are documented in writing, no matter whether they involve additions, deletions, or any other revisions.
68
Instruction to Bidders vs General Conditions?
-For bidding, the procedure a contractor must follow to propose a substitution is in the instructions to bidders. It is part of BIDDING DOCUMENTS.
-Basic rules and procedures involved in the bidding process are documented in the General Conditions. These general conditions set forth the legal responsibilities, procedures, rights and duties of each party to the standard contract.
General conditions apply to the construction and/or the FF&E portions of a project, and includes a section on indemnification. It is part of the CONTRACT.
69
When do warranties typically commence?
Substantial completion is when the work is sufficiently complete per the contract documents so that the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended purpose.
The substantial date of completion is important because it has legal implications. For example, in many states, the statute of limitations for errors possibly caused by the interior designer begins with the date of substantial completion.
Warranties usually commence (go into effect) on the date of substantial completion.
70
Who is responsible for making sure the project design complies with all applicable codes and regulations?
-The interior of a building must be designed in conjunction with the codes, standards, and federal regulations required in that jurisdiction - the designers responsibility.
-Although the contractor typically submits the construction documents (don’t get this confused), along with the application for a permit.
-All research of these regulations must be thorough and properly recorded in the project drawings and specifications.
It is the code official’s job to review the project drawings and verify their code compliance.
71
In addition to meeting the requirements of the ADA, what other accessibility requirements should the interior designer be most concerned with when doing design development for a commercial project?
Scoping provisions of the local building code.
-ADA and A117.1 are not the same!
-Scoping provisions tell the designer how much of something is required. Although there are scoping provisions in the ADA, local codes may be more stringent, the interior designer must conform to the most restrictive requirements.
-ANSI A117.1 MAY OR MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE IN A GIVEN JURISDICTION. If it has been adopted by the local building code, it is important to review to see if the requirements are more restrictive than those of the ADA. The latest edition of A117.1 leaves scoping up to local jurisdiction.
-ADAAG is the ADA Accessibility Guidelines and is part of the ADA.
72
The primary focus for water conservation in the home should be?
The use of fresh water supplies by toilets should be the primary focus for water conservation in the home.
73
Thresholds at doorways cannot exceed?
1/2".
74
The following rooms and spaces shall not be classified as Assembly occupancies?
Three things to consider.
AN ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY IS NOT THE SAME AS AN ACCESSORY OCCUPANCY.
1. A room or space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of fewer than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
2. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is less than 750 square feet (70 m2) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
-An accessory occupancy is a space or room that is ancillary to the main occupancy but does not exceed 10% of the floor area of the main occupancy. It can exit through the main room.
75
In many cases, the codes will allow any assembly-type use with an occupant load _______ to be considered as the same occupancy type that it serves.
Less than 50.
-So a training room with a load of less than 50 in a business occupancy, is also classified as a business.
-If the training room served 50 or more occupants it would have to be reclassified as an Assembly Occupancy. This would change its load factor from 150 gross to 15 net which would increase the occupant load of the space.
76
The common path of egress travel distance cannot exceed:
Assume a sprinklered building, business occupancy, spaces with 1 exit or exit access doorway.
A “B” occupancy with a sprinkler system has a maximum common path of egress travel of 100′.
Without sprinklers, it is 75’ if the occupant load is over 30 persons. Equal to 30 persons or less is still 100’.
IBC 2018, Table 1006.2.1 SPACES WITH ONE EXIT OR EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY
77
Door hand is determined by standing on the _______ of the building or the side from which security is desired.
Exterior. (Think of the side where you insert a key or card). From there determine where the hinges are.
If hinges are on left and the door swings in, it is left handed. If hinges are on the left and the door swings to you it is a left hand reverse door.
In a corridor leading to a room or series of rooms, the door hand is viewed from the corridor side. Handing for a closet or storage door is viewed from the room side.
This nomenclature (right or left swing) helps the designer work with the hardware suppliers in determining the specific hardware that must be supplied for a specific door's directional swing.
Exit doors always swing out.
78
How do shop drawings work?
These come from consultants, to the contractor to give to the designer. The designer returns these to GC after review/approval/revisions.
The interior designer's review of the shop drawings is only for conformance to the general design intent of the job.
The general contractor is responsible for coordinating the job, checking dimensions, and in general, building the job according to the contract documents.
79
During construction observation definite lines of communication among the parties are established by the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction.
During this time, the owner and contractor must communicate through the _______, unless otherwise provided in the Owner-Designer Agreement and the General Conditions.
Communication between the contractor and consultants should be through the _______.
Communications between the interior designer and the subcontractors and material suppliers should be through the _______.
Project manager would NOT communicate with directly with?
Interior designer.
Interior designer.
Contractor.
Subcontractors (much like the designer, as a PM can be a designer).
80
Design Phases?
Programming/Pre-Design
Schematic Design
Design Development
Construction Documentation
Bidding or Negotiation
Contract Administration
Project Close out and Follow Up
81
Types of insurance to be aware of for IDs?
-Personal liability (errors and omissions/malpractice -saying the ID was negligent in their work) - Used if action by the ID causes damage or harm. Mistakes, incorrect specs, Work errors and oversights, Undelivered services, Incomplete work, Missed deadlines, Budget overruns, Breach of contract, Accusations of negligence
-General liability - Protects against claims (from GC, workers, owner) of property damage, liability, injury from designer or someone hired by designer
-Product liability - Injury caused by products
-Property insurance - Protects the building or content (if leasing)
-Personal injury - Charges of slander, libel, defamation, misrepresentation, other torts (civil litigations)
-Automobile - Protects against injury involving company vehicles
-Worker’s compensation - Injury to workers (mandatory)
82
What is incidental space? Think circulation.
Interior walls and building columns.
-Also important net area, circulation, useable area, gross area
Same name, but NOT THE SAME as Incidental and Accessory use spaces. These are actual rooms.
83
What is the official usage classification term assigned to a building or interior space that differentiates various types of fire hazards, and the life safety characteristics of various uses?
Occupancy classification - not group or type.
84
Electrical receptacles within how many inches (mm) of a water source must be GFI?
72” = 6’.
85
What is the maximum height above the finished floor for the standard urinal rim?
24”
Accessible is 17” (13 1/2”D).
86
Minimum egress stairway and corridor widths.
48" between the handrails. The minimum width shall not be less than 44" (sprinklered).
Minimums for corridor width is 44” or 36” (49 ppl or less).
87
What are STC, CAC, NRC, and SAC.
STC sound transmission class describes how well a wall assembly reduces airborne sound passage between one side to the other.
CAC ceiling attenuation class refers to ceiling tiles ability to reduce sound transmission from one room to another when the rooms share the same plenum space.
NRC noise reduction coefficient measures the ability of a wall or ceiling to absorb airborne sound, not about the transfer through the assembly. It rates the noise level of the interior space, not the sound transfer.
SAC (CA) coefficient of absorption is used to evaluate the sound absorption efficiency of materials.
88
What type of approach is needed for drinking fountains?
A forward approach. There is no side approach.
89
The designer transfers all warranties and manuals for all goods within a project to the client when?
The designer is the seller of the goods.
The seller of the goods is the one who transfers the warranties and manuals to the client, so a designer would do this when the designer is also the seller.
If the design firm uses an external procurement agency to purchase the goods, they would be responsible for issuing the warranties. If they are using an external dealer or vendor to purchase the goods, that would then fall into the dealer’s responsibility.
If the interior designer is also the vendor who sold the goods to the client (a.k.a. the seller), they should be prepared to transfer the warranties and instructions and provide appropriate training.
90
Acoustical barriers should _______ to the noise.
Block the line of sight.
They follow the idea of if you can see it, you can hear it. Keep in mind this includes both the horizontal and vertical planes.
In general, the greater the distance sound must travel around the barrier, the less you’ll hear of that sound. Panels can use an inner septum or a masonite or metal sheet barrier to reflect sound; however, height is a more important factor (think of slab-to-slab partitions).
Effective barriers typically extend well past the point where the line of sight is interrupted. The attenuation from barriers relates to the distance between the path sound travels between source and receiver and the actual distance between source and receiver.
Acoustical panels help to absorb ambient sound and block sound transmission between workstations. A hollow inner core between outer panel materials is covered with one to two inches of fiberglass as a sound absorber.
91
While both Suitability and building codes are important for a design, what takes precedence?
Sustainable practices and products must not overshadow the safety of the building occupants.
For example, water conservation cannot hinder the effectiveness of fire sprinklers.
92
What would you typically find in a project progress report for an interior design project?
A project progress report shows the hours and labor costs for each phase of a project, as well as any direct costs (like consultant costs) and reimbursable expenses.
93
What is more binding, specs or CDs?
The courts have held in many past cases that information in the specifications takes precedence over other documents in the case of conflicts. This provision is often written into contracts.
It's important to coordinate drawings and specifications so that conflicts and discrepancies are prevented and discrepancies do not hold up work on the job.
94
What is resiliency?
Resiliency is the ability of an organization, a place, or a family to weather a catastrophic event—climate, social unrest, and the crisis in affordable housing, for instance—and to come back better than it was before.
A resilient system is one designed to evolve and adapt to changing conditions over time.
Interior components that will endure years upon years of use.
The most resilient doors are those that employ a “kit of parts” approach so that when damage does occur, only the damaged piece needs to be replaced and not the entire door.
95
What are Rentable area, gross area, useable, and net area?
The rentable area is the product of the tenant’s occupancy area and a load factor to account for the shared portions of the building.
Gross area
Useable area
Net area or the net assignable area is based on the actual space that a client needs to perform a function.
96
What are two of the most common steel structural systems?
Two of the most common steel structural systems are beam-and-girder system and the open-web steel joist system.
97
On an unplanned and unannounced site visit you notice that a standard toilet has been installed in an ADA restroom. What is your next course of action?
-Send a letter to the general contractor asking them to replace the toilet, and copy the owner.
According to the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, the interior designer has the authority to both inspect and reject work that does not conform to contract documents, regardless of the status of completion.
It is the contractor's responsibility to pay for and correct any errors. Because of this, all correspondence must be in writing, and the owner should be notified.
98
Any design project, no matter what size or complexity, involves managing 3 factors:
cost
time
quality
The project manager balances these three elements for the entire project.
99
At the end of a project after construction is complete, who is responsible for submitting the Certificate of Occupancy (CO) to the owner?
For projects where construction work has been performed, the property owner must receive the certificate of occupancy before any interior movable furniture can be delivered or installed. This certificate applies to the structure and is obtained from the local building department after an inspection. Issuance of the certificate means that the building or space has been inspected, meets codes, and is approved for occupancy.
The contractor typically pays for and applies for building permit prior to construction beginning, and the Certificate of Occupancy is handed over at the end of a project from the AHJ directly to the party who originally applied for building permit.
100
After each site visit, the designer submits a _______ to the owner.
Written field report.
Field Reports or Site Observation Reports reflect the construction status at the time of the site visit.
Site observation reports should be dated, sequentially numbered, and distributed to designated parties. All observers should use the same reporting format.
Copies of the field reports are sent to the owner to keep them informed of the work’s progress and to the contractor. Nonconforming work should be noted in the report and tracked until it has been resolved. Depending on the contract used, the design firm may be authorized to reject nonconforming work.
101
What is A201–2017?
General Conditions of the Contract for Construction.
102
Who is responsible for submittals?
After the contract is awarded, the contractor is responsible for submittals per the contract documents.
These include shop drawings, samples, and product data.
Submittals may be prepared by the contractor but are most often prepared by the subcontractors, vendors, and material suppliers.
Vendors may also have to provide other types of submittals. Vendors may submit test results or certificates required for code compliance. Common submittals include updates about construction or delivery schedules.
Note that shop drawings and submittals are generally not considered part of the contract documents.
103
Sufficient time must be allocated for the submittal process. To accomplish this, the contractor prepares a _______.
Submittal schedule.
The submittal schedule must coordinate with the project construction schedule. Preparation should be a cooperative effort by the contractor with the designer.
104
Which documents outline procedures and time line for processing submittals?
-General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
-Division 01 of the specifications
-Project construction schedule
105
_______ originates with the contractor by notifying the interior designer in writing. Along with this, the contractor submits a list of items to be fixed or completed before final payment called _______.
This is one of the last items to be done in _______ phase.
Project closeout.
Punch List.
Contract Admin.
106
What is used to help the Interior Designer to determine substantial completion?
A punch list during project close out.
107
Once the punch list is completed and officially released, a _______ can be issued. Upon issuing this, the final application for payment is processed (submitted after final completion). The designer will review the ________ from the GC and issue the final _______.
Certificate of substantial completion.
Last payment application.
Certificate for payment (when all work is done).
-For Certificate of Substantial Completion, warranties and utility and maintenance responsibilities shift at this point.
108
The most common payment schedule method for large projects is some form of _______ and ________. Meaning payments are made at specific points throughout the project.
Progress payment and billing schedule.
109
What design phased is Project close-out included in?
Contract Admin.
110
What are:
ASHRAE 62.1
BIFMA
FloorScore
Green Label Plus
Greenguard
ASHRAE 90.1
EnergyStar
-Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. This sets minimum ventilation requirements by occupancy category. See the definitions section and know how to read the chart.
-Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association. Sustainable and low-emitting business furniture.
-Low emitting resilient flooring.
-Low emitting carpeting products for home and business.
-Low emitting products including building materials and furnishings.
-Standard geared to energy efficiency in commercial buildings.
-Energy-efficient certification for appliances, homes, and commercial buildings.
111
How does an ID help with energy conservation?
These include building commissioning, reducing electricity use, using efficient mechanical systems and plumbing.
112
The Room Corner Test or NFPA 265/UL 1715 typical addresses what fabric situation?
Specifically when napped, tufted, or looped textiles are used as “wallcoverings” on walls and ceilings.
113
Pro forma credit is when?
The designer must pay the supplier in advance.
Prepayment is usually for designers who haven't established a long-standing credit line or history with a vendor.
114
What is AIA Document B152?
The scope of services that the Interior Designer will perform. It also lists many other services NOT included in a standard contract.
This list can serve as a template for additional services the client may be interested in having the firm perform.
Additional services should be billed hourly with the rate schedule identified.
115
Bidding documents are part of the project manual but not the legal contract documents. Bidding documents include:
Invitation to Bid
Instructions to bidders or A701–2018 Instructions to Bidders
Bid forms
Bid security information
Requirements for a performance bond, if required.
Requirements for a labor and material payment bond, if required.
116
These are the most commonly used agreements for Interiors:
A series
B series
-Agreements between the Owner and Contractor or Vendor. These are typically used for large projects with a fixed payment amount. These include three basic categories of information: schedule, cost, and the scope of the work.
-Agreements between the Owner and Architect or Designer. Most projects use this agreement because it outlines basic, supplemental, or additional services. Basic services include the scope of work and schedule, cost for the scope of work, and all fees.
117
AIA Contract Documents are organized into ________ and _______.
Families and Series.
Series describes how the document is used and between which parties, while Families describe the types of projects.
AIA Contract Documents are grouped into nine families by project type or delivery method:
Conventional (A201 / Design-bid-build)
Construction Manager as Adviser (CMa)
Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)
Design‐Build
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
Interiors
International
Program Management
Small Projects
Digital Practice
Contract Administration and Project Management
AIA Contract Documents are divided into six alphanumeric series by document use or purpose:
A Series: Owner/Contractor agreements
B Series: Owner/Architect agreements
C Series: Other agreements
D Series: Miscellaneous documents
E Series: Exhibits
G Series: Contract Administration and Project Management Forms
118
Smoke detectors are typically required in _______ for commercial projects. They are required in ________ for residential projects.
Every room.
All sleeping areas/outside sleeping areas.
119
All occupied spaces within _______ of an exterior window would benefit from daylight sensors.
15 ft.
120
What are areas where lights are required to incorporate either a manual control or a light-reduction control function?
These areas are not provided with occupancy sensor controls, so should b provided with time-switch controls instead.
Think egress hallways.
121
How is common path of travel measured?
Common path of travel is measured from the START of the Travel Distance to the BEGINNING of the divergence of two travel paths.
122
Minimum clearances for a space, such as accessible space, should include:
Turning radius’s, door clear widths, and pull clearances.
123
USB outlets don’t require AFCI unless paired with what type of outlet?
Unless paired with an outlet of normal voltage/amperage, such as a single or duplex.
124
If you are not told what type of USB charger is required for a project, what is the best solution?
It is then best to use a combination of USB A and C.
125
Spacing required for outlets is 12’ or 6’. What determines these distances?
Outlets can’t be spaced farther than 12’ apart, this distance can wrap around doors.
Outlets at a minimum must be 6’ apart, this is included in breaks in the wall, such as a door opening. The distance from a door opening must be 6’ on either side.
126
The EPA dictates that flow rates for water closets must not be more than?
1.6 gallons per flush (gpf).
127
Which areas of a space require an exhaust fan?
Rooms with bathtubs, showers, spas, and similar fixtures must have mechanical ventilation.
128
When selecting a partition, what takes precedence when looking at the requirements for both space and the partition?
Whether or not the wall is rated. Fire rating is selected above acoustical properties.
129
What is the maximum height of an accessible stair riser?
7” maximum.
130
A ramp must have a minimum clear width of?
Landings at least as wide as?
36”.
As the widest ramp leading to them.
-Landing lengths must be a minimum of 60".
-Ramps with rises greater than 6 in or lengths greater than 72 in must have handrails mounted on both sides with the top of the handrail mounted at 34 in to 38 in above the ramp surface.
-A 1:10 slope is permitted if the maximum rise does not exceed 6".
131
What is the difference between an Aisle and a Corridor?
An exit access aisle is similar to an exit access corridor in that it is a passageway required to reach an exit. The difference is that a corridor is enclosed by full-height walls, whereas an aisle is a pathway created by furniture or equipment.
132
Where are 240V outlets needed in a space?
Dishwasher
Range
Washer
Dryer
Hot Water Heater
Air Handler Unit
These appliances typically or may require 240V, as they have heating elements that require more power/voltage.
If an appliance is gas-powered, it will usually require 120V for the pilot light.
133
What is the minimum aisle width for level aisles having seating on both sides?
Seating rows with 14 or fewer seats require a minimum clear aisle accessway of _______ inches.
42”.
12”.
134
Define Customer-facing spaces, Employee workspace, and Shared spaces.
-Customer-facing spaces are designed specifically for interacting with guests.
-Employee workspace would include individual offices as well as shared workstations.
-Shared space would include areas used/and shared by more than one employee at the same time.
135
What is the desired amount of space between the bottom of the table and the top of the seat?
1’.
136
Jamb vs head
A jamb is
The top part of the frame for a door or window is the head.
137
Designers should be familiar with 3 types of water usage:
Potable water is drinking water that is fit for human consumption.
Blackwater contains human waste, such as from a toilet.
Gray water is untreated household wastewater that does not contain human/toilet waste. According to Chapter 2 in the International Plumbing Code (IPC), gray water may come from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers, and laundry trays. To determine which type applies to the kitchen sink and dishwasher drainage, consult with the AHJ for the project.
138
Convenience outlets should be located where for lavatories in a residential space?
Should be located for each lavatory.
Locating on the N/S is best for both accessibility and to allow for any type of mirror treatment, either full wall or individually framed/hung mirrors.
139
What type of studs are used for a typical 1 hour fire rated wall for a commercial space?
2 1/2″ steel studs at 24″ on center with 5/8″ drywall.
In most cases, a 1-hour commercial partition uses 5/8″ (16 mm) drywall/gypsum with steel studs installed 24″ (610 mm) on center. This partition type is typically used to separate an exit corridor from adjacent spaces and when the building code requires a 1-hour separation.
140
Occupant sensor controls shall be installed to control lights in the following space types:
Classrooms/lecture/training rooms.
Conference/meeting/multipurpose rooms.
Copy/print rooms.
Lounges/breakrooms.
Enclosed offices.
Open plan office areas.
Restrooms.
Storage Rooms.
Locker rooms
Other spaces 300 square feet (28 m²) or less that are enclosed by floor-to-ceiling height partitions.
Warehouse storage areas.
141
Indirect lighting is also typically hung approximately _______ below a finished ceiling to allow for the lighting to reflect.
2′-0″.
142
4”D wall scones must be hung at?
Any height, since it is 4”D max, it doesn’t have to be mounted above 80”.
143
When could a partition be taken to 4” above the ceiling?
When it does not require acoustic privacy, but 4″ above the ceiling gives a nicer finish at the ceiling seam and is used for private offices when economy is not a concern.
Keep in mind that there is really no additional cost for taking the wall above the ceiling, as a 12′-0″ sheet of drywall must be used when the finished ceiling height is over 8′-0″.
144
Where should outlets be located for countertops?
At least one per wall/island side, and at least one on either side of a sink or other break in a countertop, such as a stove.
