Py 14

Question 1

Five Common Myths/Stereotypes about Mental Illness

Answer 1

People with psychological disorders act in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people.
(2)Mental disorders are a sign of personal weakness.
(3)Mentally ill people are often dangerous and unpredictable.
(4)A person who has been mentally ill never fully recovers.
(5)Most mentally ill individuals can work at only low-level jobs.

Question 2

looks at the combined influence of genetics and stressful events on the development of psychological disorders.

Answer 2

Diathesis-Stress model

Question 3

Unconscious conflicts and motives underlying abnormal behavior

Answer 3

Psychanalytic model

Question 4

Learning experiences that shape the development of abnormal behavior

Answer 4

Behavioral model

Question 5

Roadblocks to self-awareness and self-acceptance – encountering obstacles on the road to personal growth

Answer 5

Humanistic model

Question 6

Faulty thinking (irrational or distorted thinking) underlying abnormal behavior

Answer 6

Cognitive model

Question 7

says that a behavior may be considered abnormal if it occurs rarely or infrequently in relation to the behaviors of the general population

Answer 7

Statistical frequency approach

Question 8

behavior is considered abnormal if it deviates or interferes greatly from accepted social standards, values, or norms-perhaps behavior is unusual

Answer 8

Social Deviance

Question 9

a behavior is psychologically damaging or abnormal if it interferes with the individual’s ability to function in one’s personal life or in society

Answer 9

Maladaptive behavior approach

Question 10

50% of all lifetime mental disorders begin by age

Answer 10

14

Question 11

75% begin develop mental disorders by age

Answer 11

24

Question 12

what % of mental disorders begin because of alcohol and drug use

Answer 12

24%

Question 13

About 60% of people with a lifetime mental disorder …. any professional treatment.

Answer 13

do not ask for nor receive

Question 14

outdated term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems; less severe disruptions than psychosis

Answer 14

Neurosis

Question 15

serious mental disorders characterized by extreme mental disruption and defective or lost contact with reality

Answer 15

Psychosis

Question 16

legal term applied when people cannot be held responsible for their actions, or are judged incompetent to manage their own affairs, because of mental illness

Answer 16

Insanity

Question 17

the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient

Answer 17

Comorbidity

Question 18

contribute to the development of mental disorders. These are unlearned or inherited tendencies that influence how a person thinks, behaves, and feels

Answer 18

Genetic factors

Question 19

such as having an overactive brain structure that contributes to the development of a mental disorder by causing a person to see the world in a biased or distorted way and to see threats when none really exist.

Answer 19

Neurological factors,

Question 20

can contribute to abnormal behavior.

Answer 20

Imbalances in Neurotransmitters

Question 21

is the most common of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, affecting an estimated 1 in 250 births. As many as 1.5 million Americans today are believed to have some form of

Answer 21

Autism

Question 22

The most consistent finding regarding the etiology of autism is that children with autism have more

Answer 22

neurons in the prefrontal cortex than non-autistic children.

Question 23

are marked by disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity. Results from avoidance of painful memories or situations.
•Need to escape from anxiety

Answer 23

Dissociative disorders

Question 24

Multiple personalities emerge within the same individual

Answer 24

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 25

Memory loss that cannot be explained as the result of head trauma or other physical cause

Answer 25

Dissociative amnesia

Question 26

Downcast mood, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, changes in sleep patterns or appetite, loss of motivation, loss of pleasure in pleasant activities

Answer 26

Major depression

Question 27

Periods of shifting moods between mania and depression, perhaps with intervening periods of normal mood

Answer 27

Bipolar disorder

Question 28

More women are diagnosed with depression around the world than are men. Why might this be?

Answer 28

Making inaccurate attributions, or explanations of the causes of events that happen, can lead to depression. People who tend to explain disappointments and failures by making attributions that are internal, global, and stable

Question 29

and are predisposing themselves to depression when they face such negative events. Example: A global statement could be “this is going to effect my whole life” and a stable statement could be “It’s never going to change”.

Answer 29

Depressive Attributional style

Question 30

which is a loss of pleasure in pleasant activities that interferes with the ability to function or maintain interest in life.

Answer 30

anhedonia

Question 31

unreasonable elation or euphoria, often with hyperactivity or energy, pressured speech, flight of ideas, poor

Answer 31

mania

Question 32

Structural brain changes •Neurotransmitter imbalances- namely with Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine •Genetics

Answer 32

Biological Factors

Question 33

Learned helplessness Attribution style Cognitive distortions

Answer 33

Psychosocial Factors

Question 34

feeling helpless to control the outcomes in life when repeated efforts prove futile, can lead to giving up and becoming depressed

Answer 34

Learned helplessness

Question 35

making internal attributions about your failures-self blaming Pessimism

Answer 35

Attribution style

Question 36

is seen by some as a way to escape the pain of major depression. Those who attempt to commit or actually do commit suicide are not insane but feel helpless in their attempts to feel better.

Answer 36

Suicide

Question 37

Cognitive, Emotional & Environmental factors that contribute to the development of mental disorders include:

Answer 37

•Deficits in Cognitive Processing, such as having unusual thoughts and beliefs •Deficits in Processing Emotional Stimuli, such as underreacting or overreacting to emotional situations •Environmental Challenges, such as dealing with stressful situations

Question 38

Viewing events in black or white terms, as either all good or all bad

Answer 38

All-or-nothing thinking

Question 39

Tendency to blame or criticize yourself for disappointments or setbacks while ignoring external circumstances

Answer 39

Misplaced blame

Question 40

Tendency to think that one disappointment will inevitably lead to another

Answer 40

Misfortune telling

Question 41

Focusing your attention only on the negative aspects of your experiences

Answer 41

Negative focusing

Question 42

Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory by trivializing or denying your accomplishments; minimizing your strengths or assets

Answer 42

Dismissing the positives

Question 43

Drawing a conclusion that is not supported by the facts at hand

Answer 43

Jumping to conclusions

Question 44

Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws (making mountains out of molehills)

Answer 44

Catastrophizing

Question 45

Reasoning based on your emotions rather than on a clear-headed evaluation of the available evidence

Answer 45

Emotion-based reasoning

Question 46

Placing unrealistic demands on yourself that you should or must accomplish certain tasks or reach certain goals

Answer 46

Shouldisms

Question 47

Attaching negative labels to yourself or others as a way of explaining your own or others’ behavior

Answer 47

Name-calling

Question 48

Assuming that you are the cause of other people’s problems

Answer 48

Mistaken responsibility

Question 49

Fear and avoidance of public places This generally develops secondarily to panic disorder, as the person attempts to avoid situations in which attacks have occurred or in which help might be unavailable in the event of an attack.

Answer 49

Agoraphobia

Question 50

Repeated panic attacks accompanied by persistent concern about future attacks Panic attacks have strong physiological symptoms; beginning attacks occur without warning; this disorder may be accompanied by agoraphobia.

Answer 50

Panic disorder

Question 51

Persistent, excessive levels of anxiety and worry Anxiety has a free-floating quality in that it is not tied to particular objects or situations.

Answer 51

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 52

Fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation Avoidance of the phobic object or situation is negatively reinforced by relief from anxiety.

Answer 52

Specific phobia

Question 53

Fear and avoidance of social situations or performance situations This involves underlying fear of rejection, humiliation, or embarrassment in social situations.

Answer 53

Social anxiety disorder

Question 54

Recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions A repetitive cycle may ensue in which obsessive thoughts engender anxiety that, in turn, is partially relieved (negatively reinforced) by

Answer 54

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 55

The most common diagnosed mental disorder among adults in the United States today is

Answer 55

Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Question 56

Anxiety is experienced by most everyone at different times and is not a mental disorder unless its

Answer 56

chronic intensity disrupts your life.

Question 57

Research shows the ….. can become overactive and make individuals with Anxiety disorders overly responsive to threatening cues.

Answer 57

Amygdala

Question 58

Psychological symptoms of GAD

Answer 58

being irritable, having difficulty concentrating, and being unable to control one’s worry, which is out of proportion to the actual event

Question 59

Possible contributors to Anxiety Disorders

Answer 59

Our fast-paced lives, increased mobility, and decreased job security and family support are believed to be important factors in the increase in Anxiety Disorders over the past few years.

Question 60

Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, incoherent or loosely connected speech, inappropriate emotions or lack of emotional expression, social withdrawal, and apathy An interaction of a genetic predisposition and life stress; underlying brain abnormalities

Answer 60

Schizophrenia

Question 61

overactivity of dopamine neurons may contribute to some forms of schizophrenia •Brain abnormalities – Larger cerebral ventricles •Genetics- Many young people who have a genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia should avoid using hallucinogens, namely Marijuana, because use can awaken this disorder.

Answer 61

Dopamine hypothesis

Question 62

•Critical and hostile families with communication problems •An abusive family environment •Life Stresses

Answer 62

Psychosocial effects of Schizophrenia

Question 63

A pattern of antisocial and irresponsible behavior; callous treatment of others; lack of remorse for wrongdoing Lacks empathy for others and may take advantage of people or fail to meet their commitments

Answer 63

Antisocial personality disorder

Question 64

Unstable moods and stormy relationships with others; unstable self-image; lack of impulse control May engage in self-destructive behaviors, such as cutting themselves

Answer 64

Borderline personality disorder

Question 65

include extremely rigid patterns of behavior and having inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning.

Answer 65

Personality Disorders

Question 66

Personality Disorders Treatment involves long term

Answer 66

Psychotherapy

Question 67

Severe instability of mood, emotion and self-concept, along with impulsive and self-destructive behavior •Sees the world in black & white/at times this thinking style can contribute to suicidal thoughts •Relationship and self-image problems •People with borderline personality disorder tend to be impulsive, to have stormy relationships, and to have an unstable self-image. The

Answer 67

Borderline Personality Disorder

Question 68

(sometimes called psychopaths or sociopaths) tend to show a lack of regard for the rights of others. They also tend to disregard rules and behave in ways that satisfy their own needs to the detriment of those around them. Displays egocentrism

Answer 68

Antisocial Personality disorder