Python

Question 1

Algorithms

Answer 1

sequences of instructions, created to operate within the models, manipulate and present information

Question 2

Hardware

Answer 2

physical components (e.g., memory chip, keyboard, networking cable, smartphone)

Question 3

Software

Answer 3

nonphysical components (e.g., operating system, network protocols, programming language tools, APIs)

Question 4

Central processing unit (CPU)

Answer 4

core hardware component where computation occurs, fetches program instructions and data, executes instructions on data

Question 5

Main memory (RAM)

Answer 5

stores program instructions and data during execution

Question 6

Bus

Answer 6

Set of wirings that carry instructions and data between the CPU and main memory, connects CPU and main memory to other components

Question 7

Computer systems

Answer 7

single computer or collection of computers connected to network

Question 8

Operating system (OS)

Answer 8

Software component that acts as intermediary between hardware and application programs

Question 9

Computer network

Answer 9

system of computers that can communicate with each other

Question 10

Internetwork

Answer 10

connection of several networks (Internet)

Question 11

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

Answer 11

include editor, language translator, automated tools, debugger

Question 12

Application programming interface (API)

Answer 12

library consisting description of instructions

Question 13

Computational thinking

Answer 13

processes/tasks understood/described as computational processes

Question 14

Abstraction

Answer 14

extracting relevant aspects of problem

Question 15

Model

Answer 15

result of abstraction that represents all relevant aspects of problem

Question 16

Assignment statements

Answer 16

sets current value of variable

Question 17

Conditional control structure

Answer 17

executes only if something happens

Question 18

Iteration control structure

Answer 18

repeating process set number of times

Question 19

Hard drive

Answer 19

Stores files, retains data even when computer is powered off, larger capacity than main memory

Question 20

Iteration

Answer 20

repeating a process

Question 21

Integer/int

Answer 21

values without decimal point

Question 21

Floating point/float

Answer 21

values with decimal and fractional parts

Question 22

string

Answer 22

sequence of characters including blanks, punctation, symbols

Question 23

Indexing operator

Answer 23

access individual characters of string

Question 24

Index

Answer 24

character's position in string with respect to first character

Question 25

** (xy = x**y)

Answer 25

exponentiator operator

Question 26

a//b

Answer 26

integer quotient when integer a divided by integer b

Question 27

a%b

Answer 27

remainder when integer a divided by integer b

Question 28

abs()

Answer 28

absolute value of number

Question 29

min() & max()

Answer 29

min and max of input values

Question 30

==

Answer 30

check equality

Question 31

<=

Answer 31

less than or equal to

Question 32

>=

Answer 32

greater than or equal to

Question 33

!=

Answer 33

not equal to

Question 34

x in s

Answer 34

True if string x is substring of string s, false otherwise

Question 35

x not in s

Answer 35

False if string x is substring of string s, true otherwise

Question 36

s + t

Answer 36

Concatenation of string s and t

Question 37

s * n

Answer 37

Concatenation of n copies of s

Question 38

s[i]

Answer 38

Character of string s at index i

Question 39

len(s)

Answer 39

Length of string s

Question 40

Indexing operator []

Answer 40

access individual characters of string

Question 41

Index

Answer 41

character’s position in string with respect to first character

Question 42

List

Answer 42

sequence of objects of any type

Question 43

Mutable

Answer 43

content of list can be changed

Question 44

Tuples

Answer 44

immutable lists

Question 45

append ()

Answer 45

add to lists

Question 46

Lst.count(item)

Answer 46

Returns number of occurences of item in lst

Question 47

Lst.index(item)

Answer 47

Returns index of first occurrence of item in lst

Question 48

Lst.insert(index, item)

Answer 48

Inserts items into list just before index

Question 49

Lst.pop()

Answer 49

Removes last item from lst

Question 50

Lst.remove(item)

Answer 50

Removes first occurrence of item from list

Question 51

Lst.reverse()

Answer 51

Reverses order of items in list

Question 52

Lst.sort()

Answer 52

Sorts list

Question 53

Methods

Answer 53

functions that cannot be called on their own (append)

Question 54

Objects

Answer 54

collection of data (variables) and methods (functions)

Question 55

Type

Answer 55

indicates what kinds of values object can hold and what kind of operation can be performed on object (int, float, bool, str, list)

Question 56

Class

Answer 56

types whose values are stored in objects

Question 57

Constructor

Answer 57

explicitly instantiate integer object (int())

Question 58

Program

Answer 58

sequence of multiple python statements

Question 59

Module

Answer 59

file containing python code

Question 60

User defined Python modules

Answer 60

files we create and save

Question 61

Escape sequence

Answer 61

sequence of characters starting with \ that defines special character and interpreted by print function

Question 62

Precision

Answer 62

decimal number that specifies how many digits should be displayed before and after decimal point

Question 63

File

Answer 63

sequence of bytes stored on secondary memory device (drive)

Question 64

Text files

Answer 64

sequence of characters encoded using some encoding

Question 65

Binary file

Answer 65

executable application because sequence of bytes without encoding

Question 66

File system

Answer 66

component of computer system that organizes files and provides ways to create, access, modify files

Question 67

Root directory

Answer 67

folder on top of hierarchy

Question 68

Pathname

Answer 68

useful for locating file efficiently

Question 69

Absolute pathname

Answer 69

sequence of folders, starting from root directory

Question 70

Current working directory

Answer 70

folder containing module

Question 71

Relative pathname

Answer 71

sequence of directories to get to file

Question 72

Parent folder

Answer 72

folder containing current working directory

Question 73

Mode

Answer 73

string that specifies how we will interact with opened file

Question 74

File object

Answer 74

object of Input or Output Stream type that supports methods to read/write characters

Question 75

Syntax errors

Answer 75

errors that are due to incorrect format of statement

Question 76

Nested loop

Answer 76

loop statement is contained inside another loop statement

Question 77

2-d lists

Answer 77

list of list elements, with each list element corresponding to row

Question 78

Sequence loop pattern

Answer 78

loop is used to generate sequence of numbers until condition is satisfied

Question 79

Flag

Answer 79

arbitrary value that is chosen to indicate end of input

Question 80

Dictionary

Answer 80

user defined indexes

Question 81

Set

Answer 81

store unordered collection of items, no duplicates

Question 82

ASCII

Answer 82

standard encoding for English characters