Q1 Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
Directional Term meaning Top (3)
A
Superior, Cranial, Cephalic
2
Q
Term of Direction that means “bottom” (2)?
A
Inferior, Caudal
3
Q
Anatomical Directional Term which means Front/Back
A
Anterior - Posterior
4
Q
Anatomical Term for toward or away from Midline of Body
A
Medial - Lateral
5
Q
Anatomical terms used when identifying points on the body in relation to each other
Towards Center/Closer or away from center
A
Proximal - Distal
6
Q
Terms used in relation to the inside or outside of the body (5)
A
Internal / Deep / Profundus - External / Superficial
7
Q
Towards the Lungs
A
Ventral
8
Q
Back side or “fin”
A
Dorsal
9
Q
Means “Tail”
A
Caudal
10
Q
Means “nose” or “beak”
A
Rostral
11
Q
Foot and hand terms of direction
A
Plantar/Volar (foot) / Palmer/Volar (hand) - Dorsum
12
Q
Region of Body in reference to the Gastrocnemeus
A
Sural
13
Q
Region of body for the Head
A
Cephalic or Sephlad
14
Q
Region of body for the anterior area of the elbow
A
Antecubital
15
Q
Region of the body in reference to the posterior area of the elbow
A
Cubital
16
Q
Region of the body that references the anterior lower leg
A
Crural
17
Q
Region of the Body that references the posterior of the knee
A
Popliteal
18
Q
Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions (2)
A
Frontal / Coronal
19
Q
Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions (2)
A
Transverse / horizontal
20
Q
Plane that divides the body vertically into the right and left sides (3)
A
Sagittal / Midsagittal / parasagittal
21
Q
Plane that passes through the body at an angle
A
Oblique
22
Q
What term refers to movement perpendicular to surrounding plane
A
Axes
23
Q
Axis that deals with flexion and extension
A
Frontal / Coronal
24
Q
Which axis runs perpendicular through the transverse plane
A
Longitudinal or Vertical Axis
25
Which Axis runs perpendicular through the sagital plane?
Transverse Axis
26
Which Axis runs perpendicular through the Frontal or Coronal Plane
Sagital Axis
27
Body is lying face up
Supine Position
28
Body is lying face down
Prone
29
View situated toward the head and further from feet, the upper part of a structure
Superior View
30
View situated near to the feet, lower part of a structure
Inferior View
31
List the three types of functional joints from least movement to most movement.
Synarthosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
32
Name the three types of structural joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
33
Term for Fibrous Joints
Synarthrosis
34
Four types of Synarthrosis Joints, and where would you find them?
Syndesmosis - space between bones
Suture - Bones close together
Gomphosis - (nail/peg) Teeth
Schindylesis - Nasal septum
35
List the 5 types of Suture joints
Serrate (sagittal suture) ex: Parietal bones
Denticular (tooth-like) Ex: occipital
Squamosal (overlap) ex: Temporal
Limbus (serrated and overlap) ex: Frontal bones
Plane (apposition of rough surfaces) ex: zygomatic/Maxilla
36
2 types of Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis (Hyaline cartilage) - Synarthrosis class that are temporary joints later replaced by bone. Ex: epiphyseal plates
Symphysis (fibrocartilaginous) - amphiarthosis class that persists throughout life. Ex: intervertebral disc
37
List the 7 Synovial Joints
Gliding/Plane joints - flat or slightly concave/convex TRANSLOCATION
Ginglymus (hinge) - Flexion/Extension (UNIAXIAL)
Pivot (Trochoid) - Pulley (UNIAXIAL)
Condyloid - Flexion/extension, some rotation (BIAXIAL)
Ellipsoid - Flexion/extension, abduction/addiction, circumduction, NO rotation (BIAXIAL)
Sellar/Saddle - concave/convex, Greater ROM than ellipsoid (thumb) (BIAXIAL)
Spheroid (ball & Socket) - Flexion/extension, abduction/addiction/ circumduction, rotation (MULTIAXIAL)
38
Patient has pain on their hip, has trouble sleeping on right side. What is the cause?
Bursa
39
What is snapping hip Syndrome?
Tendon of Illiosoaz hits the bursa on the soaz - creates a snapping sound. Will want to check ROM.
40
What types of joints are found on the Ribs and Scapula?
Physiological/Functional joint
41
Name the movement of the thumb
Flexion
Extension
Opposition (touching the little finger)
Adduction (backwards to line with palm)
Abduction (forward)
42
Ankle moves laterally
Eversion
43
Ankle moves medially
Inversion
44
Jaw moving side to side is an example of what movement
Deviation
45
Movement that describes a surface of a cone
Circumduction
46
Moves forearm by turning the palm of your hand anteriorly
Supination
47
Moves forearm by turning palm of hand posteriorly
Pronation
48
List the 7 elevated bony landmarks (apophysis)
Line
Crest
Tubercle
tuberosity
Malleolus
Trochanter
Spine/Spinous
49
Depression that means: Small Pit
Fovea
50
Large depression or ‘Basin”
Fossa
51
Depression which is shaped like a groove
Sulcus
52
Indentation at edge of bone
Notch
53
Hole through the bone
Foraman
54
“Hole with length”
Canal or Meatus
55
Three terms that are synonymous for “Opening”
Orifice
Os
Ostium
56
Narrow cleft on a bone
Fissure
57
Large hole near a bone (2)
Aperture/Hiatus
58
Name the four types of articular surfaces
Capitulum (head/Caput)
Condyle
Trochlea
Facet
59
What is the forming and dissolving of air bubbles (sound you hear during a subluxation)
Tribonucleation
60
Name the 3 types of muscle
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
61
4 features of Cardiac Muscle Fiber
Striated
Branched
Involuntary
Uninuclear
62
4 Features of Skeletal muscle Fiber
Striated
Fiber
Voluntary
Multinucleated
63
4 features of Smooth Muscle Fiber
Non-Striated
Fusiform
Involuntary
Uninuclear
64
From Interior/Deep to exterior/superficial, List the structure of skeletal muscles (6)
Sarcomere (Muscle Fiber/cell)
Endomysium
Perimysium (Bundles groups of fibers to form a Fasicle)
Epimysium
Deep (investing) Fascia
Superficial Fascia
65
Part of skeletal muscle structure that surrounds individual fibers and allows passage of vessels and nerves
Endomysium
66
Bundles groups of 12 or more fibers together to form a fascicle
Perimysium
67
Part of skeletal structure: Muscle fascia that holds fascicles together
Epimysium
68
Part of Skeletal muscle that is superficial to Epimysium with dense connective tissue around vessels, muscles, bones, cartiledge… contains myofibroblasts
Deep (investing) fascia
69
Part of skeletal muscle structure that contains fat
Superficial Fascia
70
Attaches to periosteum
Tendon
71
“Flat sheet” that attaches to the periosteum, bone and Fascia
Aponeurosis
72
Point at which muscle attaches to another muscle
Raphe
73
Muscle shape of Biceps Brachii
Fusiform
74
Muscle shape of the rectus abdominis
Parallel
75
Muscle shape of the pectoralis Major
Convergent
76
Shape of the muscle of palmer interosseous
Unipennate
77
Muscle shape of the rectus femoris
Bipennate
78
Muscle shape of the Deltoid
Multipennate
79
Muscle shape of the orbicularis oculi
Circular/Sphincteral
80
The 7 shapes/architectures of Muscles
Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Circular/Spincteral
81
Fixed, proximal attachment point of muscle
Origin
82
Mobile, distal attachment point of a muscle
Insertion
83
Term that refers to the movement of the insertion point closer to the origin point.
Action
84
How many bones are in the skeletal System?
206
85
How many and what bones are found in the Axial Skeleton
80 Bones
Skull, hyoid, veribrae, coccyx, Ribs, sternum
86
number of bones in Appendicular skeleton
126
87
What is “Spongy Bone” Called? (2)
Trabecular Bone, Cancellous Bone
88
Components of the long bone
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Metaphysis
89
What is the epiphysis?
Distal ends of long bones (Tib/fib, femur)
90
What is the diaphysis?
Shaft of the bone
91
What is Metaphysis?
-Epipheseal Growth Plate
-Just Anterior to Epiphysis
92
Example of a gliding joint
Vertebral column
93
Example of a hinge joint
Knee
94
Example of a pivot joint
Radioulnar
95
Example of a condyloid joint
Metacarpal phalageal
96
Example of an ellipsoid joint
Radiocarpals
97
Example of a sellar/saddle?
Thumb
98
Types of Suture Joints
Serrate, Dentricular, Squamosal, Limbus, Plane’
“Sure Does Smell Like Pie”
99
Characteristics/Location of a Serrate joint
-Like a serrated knife, Parietal
100
Characteristics/Location of a Dentricular joint
-Tooth-Like, Parietal-Occipital
101
Characteristics/Location of a squamasal joint
Two flat, temporal-parietal
102
Characteristics/Location of a Limbus Joint
-serrated/over, parietal-frontal
103
Characteristics/Location of a Plane Joint
Apposition of rough surfaces, maxilla-zygomatic
104
Types of Fibrous Joints
Syndesmosis, Suture, Gomphosis, Schindylesis
105
Examples of Syndesmosis Joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
106
Examples of Gomphosis Joint
Tooth
107
Examples of Schindylesis Joint
Vomer-Sphenoid (Nasal Septum)
108
The biceps brachii is an example of which muscle structure?
Fusiform
109
Palmar interosseus is an example of which type of muscle structure?
Unipennate
110
The deltoid is an example of which type of muscle structure?
Multipennate
111
Orbicularis oculi is an example of which muscle structure? (2)
Sphinctoral or Circular
112
Rectus femoris is an example of which muscle structure?
Bipennate
113
Pectoralis major is an example of which muscle structure?
Convergent
114
Rectus abdominis is an example of what type of muscle structure?
Parallel
115
Example of a Synarthrosis joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
116
Example of a fibrous joint
Parietal, frontal bones
117
Example of a gliding joint
Vertebral column
118
Example of a hinge joint
Knee
119
Example of a pivot joint
Radioulnar
120
Example of a condyloid joint
Metacarpal phalangeal
121
Example of an ellipsoid joint
Radiocarpals
122
Examples of sellar/saddler joints
Thumb
123
Examples of a spheroid joint
Glenohumeral
124
Characteristics of Gliding/Plane Joints
Surfaces that are mostly flat but can be slightly concave or convex
125
Characteristics of a hinge joint
Mostly concerned with flexion/extension
126
Characteristics of a pivot joint
“Pulley like”, focussed on movement around the longitudinal axis
127
Characteristics of a condyloid joint
Convex and concave surfaces, Allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and some rotation
128
Characteristics of an ellipsoid joint
Similar to a condyloid joint, does allow for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, Circumduction but NO rotation
129
Characteristics of a sellar/saddle joint
Concave/convex saddle, but more ROM than ellipsoid
130
Characteristics of a Spheroid (Ball and Socket Joint)
*Allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, Circumduction and rotation
131
The Shoulder is _______________ to the elbow. The thumb is _____________ to digit 3.
Proximal
Lateral
132
Describing regions of the body, the posterior knee is the ______________ region.
Popliteal
133
A _______________ plane through the nose, spinous processes of vertebrae, and public symphysis would divide the body into left and right portions.
Sagittal
134
While stepping onto ones tip toes, the ankle joint undergoes what action?
Plantar Flexion
135
Straightening the elbow, or _____________ (joint action) results in rotation AROUND which axis? _______________
Extension
Frontal/Transverse axis
136
The radiocarpal joint is classified as which type of synovial joint? ______________?
Biaxial Elipsoid joint
137
During plantar flexion, the calf muscles contract resulting in the immobile attachment (on femur or tibia), also called the ___________ staying stationary while the mobile attachment, or the ____________ gets closer to the fixed attachment
Origin, Insertion
138
The glenohumeral joint is classified as which type of functional joint?
Diarthrosis
139
The glenohumeral joint is classified as which type of synovial joint?
Multiaxial spheroid Joint
140
Spreading the toes apart then bringing them back together are examples of which actions? (2) __________________
Abduction and Adduction
141
Another term for external rotation? ______________
Lateral Rotation
142
During a flight-flight-or freeze (sympathetic) response, these cells within the deep fascia (of the epimysium) contact and act for of like compression pants or sleeves thus increasing the contractile efficiency of muscle contraction.
Myofibroblasts
143
A small pit, like the one on the proximal femur that is an attachment point of a ligament involved in maintaining the connection between the femur and the acetabulum _____________.
Fovea
144
A small, knuckle-like articulate surface _____________.
Condyle
145
A smooth, flat articulate surface ______________.
Facet
146
The medial, weight bearing bone of the leg.
Tibia
147
The number of bones in the left ankle, foot, toes…
26
148
Think about extending your knee. That whole muscle is surrounded by an outermost connective tissue called __1__ . Those quadriceps muscles are bundled into fascicles that around surrounded by __2__. Each one of those muscle fibers is surrounded by a layer of __3__
1. Epimysium, 2. Perimysium, 3. Endomysium
149
A synarthrosis joint with considerable space between the bones that allows for very little movement and often unioned by an interosseous membrane. __________________
Syndesmosis
150
The names of the 3 bones that fuse to form the os coxa: __1__ (type all 3 names in this one blank) 1/1
Ilium, ischium, pubis
151
Bones like the patella that form within a tendon or ligament are called __1__ bones 1/1
Sesamoid
152
The vomer articulates with the sphenoid bone via a ridged groove fibrous joint. Name that type of Fibrous joint.
Schindylesis
153
In long bones, elongation occurs here:
Epiphysial Plate / Metaphysis
154
Long bones elongate at the epiphyseal plate within the __1__ of a bone where cartilage is ossified into bone in a process called __2__. The ends of long bones are __3__ and the shaft of a long bone is called the __4__
Metaphysis, ossification, epiphysis, diaphysis
155
A ginglymus joint would be found in which of the following locations?
- glenohumeral articulation
- Tibiotalar articulation
- Distal tibiofibular articulation
- Femoroacetabular articulation.
Tibiotalar articulation
156
The outermost portion of bone made of tightly packed, closely oriented osteons is called __1__ bone. Spongy bone (I hate that term), is also called __2__ bone with branches called ___3___ leaving a lumen that can be filled
with red or yellow ___4
Cortical/Compact, Cancellous, Trabercula, Bone Marrow
157
Fibrocartilagenous structure that partly divides a joint cavity.
Meniscus
158
A uniaxial joint that allows for rotation around a longitudinal axis __1__
Pivot
159
Uniaxial joint that allows for rotation around a longitudinal axix _________________
Pivot/Trochoid
160
The hyaline cartilage structure that increases the depth of the socket of a ball and socket joint is called a __1__
Labrum
161
Flat bones like the ribs, sternum, skull bones and sesamoid bones, like the ___________ in the knee are formed via ________.
Patella
Intramembraneous ossification
162
A "complex" joint would be found in which of the following locations?
A: glenohumeral articulation B: tibiotalar articulation C: femorotibial articulation D: humeroulnar articulation
C. Femorotibial articulation
163
Articular cartilage is what type of cartilage, exactly? __1__ The joint cavity is filled with ___2____ fluid.
Hyaline, Synovial
164
A patient presents to your clinic with splintering headaches and difficulty breathing through the nose following a
bar fight two weeks prior. She reports getting punched in the face and points to the bridge of her nose. The nasal septum is made up primarily of the vomer and ethmoid bones. The vomer articulates with the sphenoid bone via a ridged groove fibrous joint. Name that type of fibrous joint __1__
Schindylesis
165
A Synarthrosis (fibrous) joint with considerable space between the bones that allows for very little movement and often unloned by an interosseus membrane
Syndesmosis
166
The number of bones (in both) lower extremities __1__ The number of tarsals in each foot __2__
62, 7
167
the lateral, nonweight-bearing bone of the leg __1_
Fibula
168
A grooved bony surface, meaning pulley __1__
Trochlea
169
A small pit, like the one in the head of the femur __1__
Fovea
170
Large, blunt apophysis on the proximal femur that is an attachment point of muscles involved in running __1__
Trochanter
171
Another term for internal rotation
Medial rotation
172
Periosteum in anchored o the bone matrix via these fibrous protiens:
Sharpe’s fibers
173
Name the three bones that fuse to form the acetabulum:
Pubis, ischium, Ilium
174
The whole muscle is surrounded by an outermost tissue called:
Epimysium
175
A patient present with ankle and shoulder pain after trying to reach something high and out of reach on a shelf. The tibiofibular joint is classified as which type of synovial joint? ____1____which type of functional joint? (i.e. "syn-", "di-", "amphi-")__2__ the glenohumeral joint is classified as which type of synovial joint?__3_
Hinge, Diarthrosis, Ball & Socket
176
Those hamstring muscles are bundled into fascicles that are surrounded by___________. Each one of those muscle fibers is surrounded by a layer of ______________.
Perimysium
Endoymysium
177
Bending the knee or ___1___ (< this a joint) of the knee, results in rotation AROUND which axis? ___2__
Flexion, Transverse
178
A ___1___ plane through the L2 vertebrae would divide the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse
179
Describing the regions of the body, the posterior leg is the ____1____ region
Sural
180
The wrist is ____1____ to the elbow. The elbow is ____2____ to the wrist.
Distal, Proximal
181
During a flight or fight or freeze response, these cells within the deep fascia secrete proteins that contract and act sort of like compression pants or sleeves thus increasing the contractile efficiency of muscle contraction.
Myofibroblasts
