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2S CPH LEC > Q1 > Flashcards

Q1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are typically characterized in the medical literature as organisms that can become pathogenic following a perturbation to their host (e.g. disease, wound, medication, prior infection, immunodeficiency, and aging). An example is Candida spp, which is normally a commensal in the vaginal canal but can transform into an infection when there is a change in immunity.

A

Opportunistic infection

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2
Q

According to its website, this American organization is the nation’s leading science-based, data-driven, service organization that protects the public’s health.

A

Center for Disease Control (CDC)

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission of the disease discussed, whose symptoms are rice-watery excretions and washer-woman hands?

A

fecal-oral route

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4
Q

These inanimate objects may serve as vehicles spreading infection through leftover infectious material.

A

Fomites / vehicles

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5
Q

Which “numbered” program by the DOH seeks to address a disease caused by an urban mosquito vector?

A

4S

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6
Q

What is the mode of transmission of the disease caused by a Vibrio species?

A

fecal-oral

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7
Q

Spell out the UN intervention model for Cholera termed WASH.

A

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene

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8
Q

The term ______ refers to raw or minimally processed meat that comes from wild animals in certain regions of the world, including Africa and other areas, and may pose a communicable disease risk.

A

Bushmeat

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9
Q

The sylvatic cycle of the organism discussed that it is transmitted through the main non-primate zoonotic organism which are ____.

A

Bats

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10
Q

“It is believed that increased ____ is the reason for the recent renewal of many infectious diseases in the United States.”

A

ease of travel / air of travel

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11
Q

______ may happen because of a breakdown in public health measures for diseases that were once under control. They can also happen when new strains of known disease-causing organisms appear.

A

Re-emergence

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12
Q

During this phase, HIV is still active, but reproduces at very low levels. You may not have any symptoms or get sick during this time: C_______ l________

A

Clinical latency

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13
Q

The concept undetectable = untransmissible is dependent on the patient’s v___ l___.

A

viral load

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14
Q

Frequent proper ______ may be one of the best protections against the flu virus.

A

Handwashing

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15
Q

A ____ is a suspension of weakened or killed microorganisms or toxins or other biological preparation, such as those consisting of antibodies used to stimulate or provide immunity.

A

vaccine

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16
Q

______ is defined as delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services.

A

Vaccine hesitancy

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17
Q

Spell out the program by the DOH that ensures treatment adherence for TB.

A

Directobserved Treatment Shortcourse

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18
Q

There is a shift in TB diagnosis in the current setting from AFB to m____ testing to better detect resistance.

A

molecular

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19
Q

Concepts in O___ H____ are important in stopping the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

A

One Health

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20
Q

P____l care is the health care you get while a woman is pregnant. It includes checkups and laboratory testing among others.

A

Pre-natal

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21
Q

Which of the following diseases is infectious but not communicable?

a.) cholera
b.) flu
c.) tetanus
d.) meningococcemia

A

c.) tetanus

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22
Q

Which of the following does not follow the Koch’s postulate?

a.) a pathogen is found in the blood of a sick animal
b.) the blood of a sick animal when inoculated to a healthy animal causes the same disease
c.) the blood of the infected animal when used as a specimen in the culture shows many different growths of organism
d.) the culture from the inoculated healthy animal shows growth over time

A

c.) the blood of the infected animal when used as a specimen in the culture shows many different growths of organism

should be pure

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23
Q

Which of the following vectors does not belong to the group, considering how they transmit disease?

a.) mosquitoes
b.) ticks
c.) sandflies
d.) houseflies

A

d.) houseflies

phoretic vs. biological

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24
Q

In the Swiss cheese model of malaria prevention and control, which of the following belong to “C”?

a.) use of DEET treated nets when sleeping during biting hours
b.) taking of chloroquine before travelling to endemic areas
c.) having a stable supply of drugs against treatment-resistant malaria
d,) having stock of rapid test kits for malaria diagnosis

A

b.) taking of chloroquine before travelling to endemic areas

25
Q

Which of the following is being promoted as a method of prevention for cholera?

a.) infected individuals must be identified and must start immediate treatment
b.) provision of antibiotics to patients to prevent further spread
c.) the use of Dukoral (attenuated strain) given orally
d.) a comprehensive alert system in the presence of outbreaks

A

c.) the use of Dukoral (attenuated strain) given orally

vaccine

26
Q

The pathogen discussed that is transmitted via ID 8 is a ____

a.) bacteria
b.) virus
c.) fungus
d.) prion

A

b. ) virus

27
Q

Which is not true of the specific organism you answered in MCQ 6? (Ebola)

a.) it is thread-shaped, hence the name of the family it belongs to
b.) it is transmitted via sweat and other body fluids
c.) it is a bioterrorism agent
d.) it should be handled in a level 2 biosafety accredited lab

A

d.) it should be handled in a level 2 biosafety accredited lab

should be level 4

28
Q

Which is not part of the symptomatology of MCQ 6? (Ebola)

a.) immunosuppression
b.) impaired antibody response
c.) DIC
d.) cachexia

A

d.) cachexia

29
Q

T/F: Majority of STI are asymptomatic.

A

T

30
Q

Which of the following sexual transmission is the usual mode of transmission of genital warts?

a.) introduced through seminal fluid
b.) shared needles
c.) from infected penile skin contact
d.) introduced from rectal fluid

A

c.) from infected penile skin contact

31
Q

Besides being sexually transmitted, HIV is also part of the pathogens that must be screened in:

a.) saliva
b.) blood bags
c.) stool
d.) chancre

A

b.) blood bags

32
Q

T/F: By RA 11196, voluntary HIV testing and counseling without parental consent may now be allowed for the 12-15 age bracket.

A

F

33
Q

T/F: HIV survives easily for hours on surfaces.

A

F

34
Q

___ is a combination of HIV drugs that can stop the virus taking hold. It can be used after the event if you’ve experienced a risk.

a.) PEP
b.) PrEP
c.) ARV Therapy
d.) Sterilizing cure

A

a.) PEP

35
Q

____ transmission is when the pathogen are carried by particles greater than >5 um in size.

a.) airborne
b.) droplet
c.) aerosol
d.) blood-borne

A

Bonus _ should be >100 (droplet)

36
Q

T/F: The influenza virus, particularly Type A, may have genetic changes include pig hosts that make it have a zoonotic facet.

A

T

37
Q

T/F: There are two types of influenza vaccine that are divided for the most common strain in the areas north and south of the equator.

A

T

38
Q

This type of TB is resistant to Isoniazid. Rifampin, a fluoroquinolone and a second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin)

a.) MDR-TB
b.) Monoline TB
c.) XDR-TB
d.) FDR-TB

A

c.) XDR-TB

39
Q

Which of the following promotes antibiotic resistance?

a.) patient adherence
b.) use of antibiotics for viral infections
c.) use of antibiotics on animals
d.) all of the above

A

d.) all of the above

40
Q

T/F: Maternal health programs address solely the needs of woman of reproductive age.

A

F

41
Q

T/F: Tetanus toxoid must be given to women 1 month before delivery and after giving birth.

A

T

42
Q

How many visits are ideal for pregnant women before the 8th month of pregnancy?

a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 3
d.) none

A

c.) 3

43
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the Philippine family planning program?

a.) responsible parenthood
b.) informed choice
c.) birth spacing
d.) the right to free choice

A

d.) the right to free choice

44
Q

Which of the following is not correctly matched?

a.) IUDs - permanent contraception
b.) Amennorhea method - natural conception
c.) Condoms - barrier artificial contraception
d.) None of the above

A

a.) IUDs - permanent contraception

45
Q

The first 1000 days days policy answers to the child health program targeting:

a.) infant and child nutrition
b.) EPI
c.) NBS
d.) dental health

A

a.) infant and child nutrition

46
Q

In line with the foregoing, the bill mandates an information dissemination drive that shall empower women to breastfeed their children whenever necessary, and dissolve the stigma against it. This bill affirms that breastfeeding in public is not an indecent exposure and supports that the workplace and other public spaces are to be mandated to provide safe, convenient and sanitary spaces for women to breastfeed their infants.

a.) RA 8976
b.) EO51
c.) RA 7600
d.) RA 9288

A

b.) EO51

47
Q

T/F: Melena, the first milk letdown of a mother, is important in supplying important antibodies to the new-born.

A

F

Colostrum

48
Q

T/F: Newborn screening is a test for inborn error of metabolism done ideally beyond the 72nd hour life.

A

F

24-72

49
Q

Which is improperly matched?

a.) CAH - electrolyte imbalance and hypertestosteronemia
b.) GAL - diabetes-like symptoms
c.) G6PD - hemolysis due to oxidative stress
d.) PKU - aminoaciduria

A

b.) GAL - diabetes like symptoms

50
Q

Which of the following is/are not true of the EPI?

a.) DPT protects from whooping cough, 3 doses every 4 weeks on the 6th week
b.) OPV given via mouth, given at 6th week prevents paralytic disease
c.) BCG is given to prevent extrapulmonary TB in the brain with 1 dose
d.) Measles vaccine is given twice to protect from a liver disease that is transmitted during delivery
e.) Hepatitis A vaccination helps prevent a chronic form of liver disease that is transmitted during delivery

A

D & E

51
Q

78% of Filipinos have problems with this part of the mouth that cause them to have to two to three times risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or other serious cardiovascular event.

a.) teeth enamel
b.) tongue
c.) tonsils
d) gums

A

d.) gums - periodontal

52
Q

BONUS: What kind of organism is the pathogen in ID 1 (Candida spp.)

A

Fungi

53
Q

BONUS: C____ ____n is the main disease-causing component of the cholera bacterium.

A

Choleratoxin

54
Q

BONUS: Spell out the RITM that deals with cholera diagnostics (NRL-BED)

A

Bacterial Enteric Diseases

55
Q

BONUS: Which behavior caused 69% of infections in Guinea Outbreak of Ebola in 2014?

A

funeral rites

56
Q

BONUS: Which enzymes is responsible for the ability of HIV to transform mRNA to DNA?

A

reverse transcriptase

57
Q

BONUS: This infection is due for elimination but has seen a rise due to your answer in ID 16.

A

Polio

58
Q

BONUS: Video Supported Treatment (VST) allows the person on TB treatment to video record and submit their medication intake, which the healthcare provider can review at a later stage. Patients are guided through a secured mobile application to record videos of themselves taking their daily medication, This is an example of d____ a____ t____ used for treatment adherence.

A

Digital adherence technology

59
Q

BONUS: n___l t_____s occurs when nonsterile instruments are used to cut the umbilical cord or when contaminated material is used to cover the umbilical stump. Deliveries carried out by people with unclean hands or on a contaminated surface are also risk factors.

A

neonatal tetanus

2S CPH LEC (9 decks)

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