U4: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Flashcards by maki 🐈‍⬛

Included in the biomedical foundation of public health

Maternal and Child Health

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Maternal and Child Health includes?

the mother and child

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When does MCH start?

conception and perinatally

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T/F: Triple burden of disease involves maternal and child health.

True

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T/F: Social problems and inequities that happen in women is also a part of MCH.

True

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T/F: Proper child spacing for women is part of MCH.

True

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This refers to the loss of healthcare during pregnancy, including no prenatal check-ups and loss of nutrition in mothers due to the bone formation in babies.

proper child spacing for women

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Key nutrient: used for proper cell division

Folic Acid

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Key nutrients needed in pregnancy

Folic Acid
Iron Supplementations
Vitamin B12

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This refers to the effects of maternal stress to the genetics of the child.

Epigenetics

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They are people involved in the delivery and care

Primary Health Workers (Midwives and nurses)

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Essential Healthcare Programs

● Family Health Program
● Prevention and Control of NCDs and CDs
● Environmental Health and Sanitation
● Vaccinations, immunizations, etc.

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Works with local public health departments, organizations, and other providers to assure quality health services

WHO Philippines

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Measures of the responsiveness of the public health system to women and their families

Crude Birth Rate
General Fertility Rate

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Primary Areas of Work Focus

lessen the risk of maternal deaths

Increasing health birth outcomes

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Primary Areas of Work Focus

Newborn screening, children with special healthcare needs, observed from birth to 21 years old

Promoting and assuring comprehensive primary
care for children

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Primary Areas of Work Focus

Promoting health lifestyles among school-age
youth of?

ages 6-21

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Primary Areas of Work Focus

Promoting access to?

safe, health child care

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Primary Areas of Work Focus

Caring for mothers from ____ until?

pre-conception until post-conception

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40% of maternal mortality is related to?

labor, delivery, puerperium

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Predisposing factors of MCH Programs

Hard deliveries
Preeclampsia
Lack of access to health service
Postpartum hemorrhage

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Hypertension during normal delivery

Preeclampsia

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Pregnant woman can avail the free prenatal services at their respective health center

Antenatal Registration

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Ante

before

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Prenatal services

- Blood pressure - Multivitamins - Necessary nutrients from milk

Used to prevent ultrastructural and brain defects

Lipids, DHA and others

Vit B9 or Folic Acid

Necessary nutrients from milk

Series of 2 doses of tetanus toxoid must be received by a pregnant woman

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

How many doses of tetanus toxoid must be received by a pregnant woman?

2 doses

When is tetanus toxoid vaccine given?

- 1 month before delivery - 3 booster shots after child birth

How many booster shots of tetanus toxoid should be given after child birth?

3 booster shots

Micronutrient Supplementation

Vitamin A and Iron supplements

Prevents anemia and Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A and Iron supplements

Women who are diagnosed as under high risk pregnancy

Treatment of Diseases and Other Conditions

Prevention of Preeclampsia

monitoring of blood pressure during delivery

Frequency of Prenatal Visits First Visit

before 4 months or during the 1st trimester

Frequency of Prenatal Visits Second Visit

during the 2nd trimester

Frequency of Prenatal Visits Third Visit

during the 3rd trimester

Frequency of Prenatal Visits Every 2 weeks

8 months until post-conception

TT1 Minimum Age Interval

as early as possible during pregnancy

TT1 Percent Protected

80%

TT2 Minimum Age Interval

At least 4 weeks later

TT2 Percent Protected

80%

TT2 Duration of Protection

3 years

TT3 Minimum Age Interval

At least 6 months later

TT3 Percent Protected

90%

TT3 Duration of Protection

5 years

TT4 Minimum Age Interval

At least 1 year later

TT4 Percent Protected

99%

TT4 Duration of Protection

10 years

TT5 Minimum Age Interval

At least 1 year later

TT5 Percent Protected

99%

TT5 Duration of Protection

lifetime

Protects against tetanus for mothers and prevents neonatal tetanus in their newborn infants

Tetanus Toxoid

Paralytic toxin of Clostridium tetani (anaerobic bacterium)

Tetanus

A national mandated priority public health program to attain the country's national health development

Family Planning Program

A health intervention program and an important tool for the improvement of the health and welfare of mothers, children and other members of the family.

Family Planning Program

Provides information and services for the couples of reproductive age to plan their family according to their beliefs and circumstances through legally and medically acceptable family planning

Family Planning Program

T/F: There is no correlation in no. of children and disease present in the children

False no time of recovery for women

Principles in Family Planning Program Each family has the right and duty to determine the desired number of children they might have and when they might have them.

Responsible Parenthood

Principles in Family Planning Program Beyond responsible parenthood is?

Responsible Parenting

Principles in Family Planning Program The proper upbringing and education of children so that they grow up to be upright, productive and civic-minded citizens.

Responsible Parenthood

Principles in Family Planning Program The 1987 Constitution states that the government protects the sanctity of life.

Respect for Life

T/F: Abortion is not a family planning method.

True

Principles in Family Planning Program Refers to the interval between pregnancies

Birth Spacing

Principles in Family Planning Program Ideal birth spacing

3 years

Principles in Family Planning Program Enables women to recover their health, improves women's potential to be more productive

Birth Spacing

Principles in Family Planning Program Upholding and ensuring the rights of couples to determine the number and spacing of their children

Informed Choice

Principles in Family Planning Program Reminding couples that planning size of their families have a direct bearing on the quality of their children

informed Choice

Family Planning Program Total Fertility Rate

3.5 children/women

Principles in Family Planning Program Goal

To provide universal access to family planning information and services

Principles in Family Planning Program Objective

To help couples and individuals achieve their desired family size within the context of responsible parenthood

Principles in Family Planning Program Health centers offer?

Birth Control Pills (BCPs), Barrier methods

Principles in Family Planning Program Hospitals offer?

Tubal ligation, Vasectomy

Types of Family Planning Natural

- Standard days method - Lactational Amenorrhea Method - Basal Body Temperature - Billings Ovulation/Cervical Mucus Method - Symptothermal

Types of FP: Natural To check when a woman is ovulating

Standard days method

Types of FP: Natural Not 100% effective, Supposed to be after giving birth, during the breastfeeding portion, post-nataly

Lactational Amenorrhea Method

Types of FP: Natural To check when the woman will ovulate

Basal Body Temperature

Types of FP: Natural Women check the thickness of their cervical mucus

Billings Ovulation/Cervical Mucus Method

Types of Family Planning Artificial

- Condom - Injectables - Oral Contraceptive Pills - Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Types of FP: Artificial Device that prevents the egg from reaching the fallopian tube

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Types of FP: Artificial Contraceptives

Condom, Injectables, Oral Contraceptive Pills

Types of Family Planning Permanent

- Vasectomy - Bilateral Tubal Ligation

Types of FP: Permanent Cuts supply of sperm to semen, takes 3 days to be healed after doing post-surgical procedure

Vasectomy

T/F: Individuals who underwent vasectomy should follow 7 days of artificial method to ensure that there is no sperm or fertilization that will take place.

False 1 month

Types of FP: Permanent "Tubes tied" or "Ligate", surgical procedure that creates permanent contraception, or sterilization

Bilateral Tubal Ligations

Vulnerable age groups for common childhood diseases

Newborns, infants, children

Common Childhood Diseases

Measles and Chickenpox

Child Health Programs

- Infant and Young Child Feeding - Newborn Screening (NBS) - Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) - Management of Childhood Illnesses - Micronutrient Supplementation - Dental Health - Early Child Development - Child Health Injuries

Goal of Child Health Program

Reduce morbidity and mortality rates for children 0-9 years, High replacement rate

Measure of good public health methods

Replacement rate

Infant and Young Child Feeding affects schooling and literacy

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Infant and Young Child Feeding Important for thyroid hormone synthesis

Iodine

Infant and Young Child Feeding Overactivity of thyroid

Graves Diseases

Infant and Young Child Feeding All salt should be iodized when selling to the market

Asin law

Infant and Young Child Feeding Important factor that can prevent infant and childhood morbidity and mortality, done during the 1st half year of life

Breastfeeding

Infant and Young Child Feeding Passed from mom to infant through breastfeeding

natural immunity

Infant and Young Child Feeding first milk that comes from the mother

Colostrum

Infant and Young Child Feeding Exclusive breastfeeding

Up to 2 months

Infant and Young Child Feeding Skin contact with the mom and baby

Rooming In

Infant and Young Child Feeding may cause diarrhea due to different composition

cow's milk

T/F: Some times cow's milk is used in rooming in.

True

T/F: Malnutrition leads to generational diabetes according to Dutch Hunger Studies.

True

Breastfeeding Giving only breast milk to infants, recommended for up to 6 months

Exclusive Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding Benefits for Infant

- A complete food for thebinfants - Strengthen immune system thus preventing infections - Increases IQ points for exclusively breastfed children

Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers

- Reduces excessive blood loss after birth due to prolactin - Natural method of delaying pregnancies - Reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancers due to hormonal changes

Products covered by this law consists of breast milk substitute (e.g. infant formula, other milk products, bottle fed complementary foods)

Milk Code (EO 51)

Requires both public and private institution to promote rooming-in, it encourages and supports the practice of breastfeeding

Rooming-In Breastfeeding Act of 1992 (RA 7600)

An act establishing the Philippine food fortification program and for other purpose, Can be seen in pancit canton with the sun logo (sangkap pinoy)

Food Fortification Law (RA 8976)

Vital in the promotion of optimal health and to compensate for the loss of nutrients during processing and storage of food.

Food Fortification Law

Food Fortification Law The law requires mandatory food fortification of?

staple foods

Food Fortification Law Staple foods under the mandatory food fortification

Rice, flour, edible oil, sugar

Food Fortification Law Voluntary Fortification

Processed food and food products (Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine)

T/F: White rice have no B vitamins, only carbohydrates.

True

Addition of one or more essential nutrients to food, whether or not it is normally contained in the food, for the purpose of preventing or correcting a demonstrated deficiency of one or more nutrients in the population or specific population groups

Fortification

Public health program aimed at the early identification of infants who are affected by certain genetic/metabolic/infectious conditions

Newborn Screening Act of 2004 (RA 9288)

Newborn Screening Loss of enzyme called which is necessary for glycolysis to happen

G6PD

Newborn Screening When is it ideally done?

48th-72nd hour but may also be done after 24 hours from birth

Newborn Screening The filter card is sent to?

Newborn Screening Center (NSC)

T/F: The NBS detects early genetics, not genetic consequences.

False opposite

Newborn Screening Early genetics

Amniocentesis and paracentesis

Newborn Screening Results from the lack or absence of thyroid hormone which is essential for the physical and mental development of a child

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Newborn Screening Is an endocrine disorder that causes severe salt loss, dehydration, and abnormally high levels of male sex hormones in both boys and girls

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Newborn Screening Babies with CAH may die within?

7-14 days

Newborn Screening Is a condition in which babies are unable to process galactose, the sugar present in milk

Galactosemia (GAL)

Newborn Screening What does accumulation of excessive galactose cause?

liver damage, brain damage, cataracts, mental retardation

T/F: In GAL, they cannot have lactose as galactose is a component of this.

True

Newborn Screening Is a rare condition in which the baby cannot properly use one of the building blocks of Phenylalanine

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Newborn Screening What does accumulation of excessive phenylalanine cause?

brain damage

Newborn Screening Is a condition where the body lacks the enzyme called G6PD

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

Newborn Screening Signs and Symptoms of G6PD Deficiency

Hemolytic anemia

T/F: In G6PD, the RBC will lyse if you introduce something that does not promote oxidative stress.

False promotes oxidative stress

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened CH

Severe Mental Retardation

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened CAH

Death

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened GAL

Death or Cataracts

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened PKU

Severe Mental Retardation

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened G6PD Deficiency

Severe anemia, Kernicterus

Launched in July 1976 by the DOH in cooperation with WHO and UNICEF

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Objective

To reduce the morbidity and mortality among infants and children (amongst vaccine preventable diseases) caused by the seven childhood diseases

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) dose of BCG

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) BCG stands for?

bacille Calmette-Guerin

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) doses of OPV

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) OPV stands for?

Oral Polio Vaccine

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) doses of DPT

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) DPT stands for?

Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) doses of HB?

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) HB stands for?

Hepatitis B

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) doses of Measles vaccine

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) All vaccines should be given when?

before child's 1st birthday

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Side effect of BCG

Keloidal scars

T/F: Hepatitis vaccines are usually twinrix (A and B)

True

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) MMRV stands for?

Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Rubeola or red rash

Measles

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) German measles or tigdas

Rubella

signed by President Benigno Aquino III in July 26, 2010

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011 (RA 10152)

This program includes basic immunization for children under 5 including other types determined by the Secretary of Health

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011 (RA 10152)

Four major strategies of Mandatory Immunization Act

1. Sustaining high routine FIC coverage of at least 90% 2. Sustaining polio free country for global certification 3. Eliminating measles by 2008 4. Eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008

Process by which vaccines are introduced into the body before injection sets in.

Immunization

T/F: It is safe and immunologically effective to administer all EPI vaccines on the same day at different sites of the body.

True

T/F: Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea and vomiting are not contraindicated to vaccination.

True

Contraindicated to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose.

DPT 2 and DPT 3

This must not be given to individuals who are immunosuppressed due to malignant disease, therapy with immunosuppressive agents or irradiation.

Live vaccines (BCG)

T/F: Repeat BCG vaccination if the child does develop a scar (keloid) after the first injection.

False does not develop

___ immunization shall be given to all school entrants both in private and public schools regardless of the presence or absence of keloidal scar.

BCG

BCG Minimum age at 1st dose

Birth or anytime after birth

BCG Reason

It protects infants from TB meningitis and TB infections

DPT Minimum age at 1st dose

6 weeks

DPT Minimum interval between doses

4 weeks

DPT Reason

It reduces the chance of pertussis

OPV Minimum age at 1st dose

6 weeks after birth

OPV Minimum interval between doses

4 weeks

OPV Reason

Protection against Polio Disease

Hepa B Minimum age at 1st dose

At birth

Hepa B Minimum interval (1st to 2nd dose)

6 weeks interval

Hepa B Minimum interval (2nd to 3rd dose)

8 weeks interval

Vaccines that are most sensitive to heat

- OPV (Live attenuated) - Measles (Freeze Dried)

Storage temperature for vaccines most sensitive to heat

-15 to -25C at the freezer

Vaccines that are least sensitive to heat

- DPT/Hep B - BCG (freeze dried) - Tetanus Toxoid

Storage temperature for vaccines least sensitive to heat

2 to 8 C in the refrigerator

Dose, Route and Site of Administration BCG

0.05ml, Intradermal, Right Deltoid Region

Dose, Route and Site of Administration DPT

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Upper outer portion of thigh

Dose, Route and Site of Administration OPV

2 drops, Oral, Mouth

Dose, Route and Site of Administration Measles

0.5ml, Subcutaeneous, Outer part of the arm

Dose, Route and Site of Administration Hepa B

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Upper outer portion of thigh

Dose, Route and Site of Administration Tetanus toxoid

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Deltoid Region

Common nutritional deficiencies

Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine

Nutrition Program Goal

To improve the quality of life of Filipinos through better nutrition, improved health and increased productivity

Nutrition Program Programs and projects

- Micronutrient supplementation - Food fortification - Nurition Information - Communication and Education - Home, School and Community Food Production - Food Assistance.

One of the interventions to address the health and nutritional needs of infants and children and improve their growth and survival.

Micronutrient Supplementation

Twice-a-year distribution of Vitamin A capsules through the "Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy" (ASAP)

Micronutrient Supplementation

Approach adopted to provide micronutrient supplements to 6-71 months old preschoolers on a nationwide scale.

Garantisadong Pambata or Child Health Week

T/F: Quarterly weighing of children is being done and is in line with surveillance.

True

Goal of Dental Health

Attainment of improved quality of life through promotion of oral health and quality oral health care.

Dental Health Objectives

1. The prevalence of dental caries is reduced 2. The prevalence of periodontal (gums) disease is reduced 3. Dental caries experience is reduced 4. The proportion of Orally Fit Children (OFC) 12-71 months old is increased

U4: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Flashcards

(194 cards)