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2S CPH LEC > U4: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH > Flashcards

U4: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

Included in the biomedical foundation of public health

A

Maternal and Child Health

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2
Q

Maternal and Child Health includes?

A

the mother and child

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3
Q

When does MCH start?

A

conception and perinatally

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4
Q

T/F: Triple burden of disease involves maternal and child health.

A

True

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5
Q

T/F: Social problems and inequities that happen in women is also a part of MCH.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: Proper child spacing for women is part of MCH.

A

True

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7
Q

This refers to the loss of healthcare during pregnancy, including no prenatal check-ups and loss of nutrition in mothers due to the bone formation in babies.

A

proper child spacing for women

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7
Q

Key nutrient: used for proper cell division

A

Folic Acid

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8
Q

Key nutrients needed in pregnancy

A
  1. Folic Acid
  2. Iron Supplementations
  3. Vitamin B12
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9
Q

This refers to the effects of maternal stress to the genetics of the child.

A

Epigenetics

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10
Q

They are people involved in the delivery and care

A

Primary Health Workers (Midwives and nurses)

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11
Q

Essential Healthcare Programs

A

● Family Health Program
● Prevention and Control of NCDs and CDs
● Environmental Health and Sanitation
● Vaccinations, immunizations, etc.

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12
Q

Works with local public health departments, organizations, and other providers to assure quality health services

A

WHO Philippines

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13
Q

Measures of the responsiveness of the public health system to women and their families

A
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • General Fertility Rate
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14
Q

Primary Areas of Work Focus

lessen the risk of maternal deaths

A

Increasing health birth outcomes

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15
Q

Primary Areas of Work Focus

Newborn screening, children with special healthcare needs, observed from birth to 21 years old

A

Promoting and assuring comprehensive primary
care for children

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16
Q

Primary Areas of Work Focus

Promoting health lifestyles among school-age
youth of?

A

ages 6-21

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17
Q

Primary Areas of Work Focus

Promoting access to?

A

safe, health child care

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18
Q

Primary Areas of Work Focus

Caring for mothers from ____ until?

A

pre-conception until post-conception

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19
Q

40% of maternal mortality is related to?

A

labor, delivery, puerperium

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20
Q

Predisposing factors of MCH Programs

A
  • Hard deliveries
  • Preeclampsia
  • Lack of access to health service
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
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21
Q

Hypertension during normal delivery

A

Preeclampsia

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22
Q

Pregnant woman can avail the free prenatal services at their respective health center

A

Antenatal Registration

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23
Q

Ante

A

before

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24
Q

Prenatal services

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Multivitamins
  • Necessary nutrients from milk
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25
Q

Used to prevent ultrastructural and brain defects

A

Lipids, DHA and others

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26
Q

Vit B9 or Folic Acid

A

Necessary nutrients from milk

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27
Q

Series of 2 doses of tetanus toxoid must be
received by a pregnant woman

A

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

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28
Q

How many doses of tetanus toxoid must be received by a pregnant woman?

A

2 doses

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29
Q

When is tetanus toxoid vaccine given?

A
  • 1 month before delivery
  • 3 booster shots after child birth
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30
Q

How many booster shots of tetanus toxoid should be given after child birth?

A

3 booster shots

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31
Q

Micronutrient Supplementation

A

Vitamin A and Iron supplements

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32
Q

Prevents anemia and Vitamin A deficiency

A

Vitamin A and Iron supplements

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33
Q

Women who are diagnosed as under high risk pregnancy

A

Treatment of Diseases and Other Conditions

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34
Q

Prevention of Preeclampsia

A

monitoring of blood pressure during delivery

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35
Q

Frequency of Prenatal Visits

First Visit

A

before 4 months or during the 1st trimester

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36
Q

Frequency of Prenatal Visits

Second Visit

A

during the 2nd trimester

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37
Q

Frequency of Prenatal Visits

Third Visit

A

during the 3rd trimester

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38
Q

Frequency of Prenatal Visits

Every 2 weeks

A

8 months until post-conception

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39
Q

TT1

Minimum Age Interval

A

as early as possible during pregnancy

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40
Q

TT1

Percent Protected

A

80%

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41
Q

TT2

Minimum Age Interval

A

At least 4 weeks later

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42
Q

TT2

Percent Protected

A

80%

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43
Q

TT2

Duration of Protection

A

3 years

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44
Q

TT3

Minimum Age Interval

A

At least 6 months later

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45
Q

TT3

Percent Protected

A

90%

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46
Q

TT3

Duration of Protection

A

5 years

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47
Q

TT4

Minimum Age Interval

A

At least 1 year later

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48
Q

TT4

Percent Protected

A

99%

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49
Q

TT4

Duration of Protection

A

10 years

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50
Q

TT5

Minimum Age Interval

A

At least 1 year later

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51
Q

TT5

Percent Protected

A

99%

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52
Q

TT5

Duration of Protection

A

lifetime

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53
Q

Protects against tetanus for mothers and prevents neonatal tetanus in their newborn infants

A

Tetanus Toxoid

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54
Q

Paralytic toxin of Clostridium tetani
(anaerobic bacterium)

A

Tetanus

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55
Q

A national mandated priority public health program to attain the country’s national health development

A

Family Planning Program

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56
Q

A health intervention program and an important tool for the improvement of the health and welfare of mothers, children and
other members of the family.

A

Family Planning Program

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57
Q

Provides information and services for the couples of reproductive age to plan their family according to their beliefs and circumstances
through legally and medically acceptable family planning

A

Family Planning Program

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58
Q

T/F: There is no correlation in no. of children and disease present in the children

A

False

no time of recovery for women

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59
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Each family has the right and duty to determine the
desired number of children they might have and when they might have them.

A

Responsible Parenthood

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60
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Beyond responsible parenthood is?

A

Responsible Parenting

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61
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

The proper upbringing and education of children so that they grow up to be upright, productive and civic-minded citizens.

A

Responsible Parenthood

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62
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

The 1987 Constitution states that the government protects the sanctity of life.

A

Respect for Life

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63
Q

T/F: Abortion is not a family planning method.

A

True

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64
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Refers to the interval between pregnancies

A

Birth Spacing

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65
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Ideal birth spacing

A

3 years

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66
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Enables women to recover their health, improves women’s potential to be more productive

A

Birth Spacing

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67
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Upholding and ensuring the rights of couples to determine the number and spacing of their children

A

Informed Choice

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68
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Reminding couples that planning size of their families have a direct bearing on the quality of their children

A

informed Choice

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69
Q

Family Planning Program

Total Fertility Rate

A

3.5 children/women

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70
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Goal

A

To provide universal access to family planning information and services

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71
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Objective

A

To help couples and individuals achieve their desired family size within the context of responsible parenthood

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72
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Health centers offer?

A

Birth Control Pills (BCPs), Barrier methods

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73
Q

Principles in Family Planning Program

Hospitals offer?

A

Tubal ligation, Vasectomy

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74
Q

Types of Family Planning

Natural

A
  • Standard days method
  • Lactational Amenorrhea Method
  • Basal Body Temperature
  • Billings Ovulation/Cervical Mucus Method
  • Symptothermal
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75
Q

Types of FP: Natural

To check when a woman is ovulating

A

Standard days method

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76
Q

Types of FP: Natural

Not 100% effective, Supposed to be after giving birth, during the
breastfeeding portion, post-nataly

A

Lactational Amenorrhea Method

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77
Q

Types of FP: Natural

To check when the woman will ovulate

A

Basal Body Temperature

78
Q

Types of FP: Natural

Women check the thickness of their cervical mucus

A

Billings Ovulation/Cervical Mucus Method

79
Q

Types of Family Planning

Artificial

A
  • Condom
  • Injectables
  • Oral Contraceptive Pills
  • Intrauterine Device (IUD)
80
Q

Types of FP: Artificial

Device that prevents the egg from reaching the fallopian tube

A

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

81
Q

Types of FP: Artificial

Contraceptives

A

Condom, Injectables, Oral Contraceptive Pills

82
Q

Types of Family Planning

Permanent

A
  • Vasectomy
  • Bilateral Tubal Ligation
83
Q

Types of FP: Permanent

Cuts supply of sperm to semen, takes 3 days to be healed after doing post-surgical procedure

A

Vasectomy

84
Q

T/F: Individuals who underwent vasectomy should follow 7 days of artificial method to ensure that there is no sperm or fertilization that will take place.

A

False

1 month

85
Q

Types of FP: Permanent

“Tubes tied” or “Ligate”, surgical procedure that creates permanent contraception, or sterilization

A

Bilateral Tubal Ligations

86
Q

Vulnerable age
groups for common childhood diseases

A

Newborns, infants, children

87
Q

Common Childhood Diseases

A

Measles and Chickenpox

88
Q

Child Health Programs

A
  • Infant and Young Child Feeding
  • Newborn Screening (NBS)
  • Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
  • Management of Childhood Illnesses
  • Micronutrient Supplementation
  • Dental Health
  • Early Child Development
  • Child Health Injuries
89
Q

Goal of Child Health Program

A

Reduce morbidity and mortality rates for children 0-9 years, High replacement rate

90
Q

Measure of good public health methods

A

Replacement rate

91
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

affects schooling and literacy

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

92
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Important for thyroid hormone synthesis

A

Iodine

93
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Overactivity of thyroid

A

Graves Diseases

94
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

All salt should be iodized when selling to the market

A

Asin law

95
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Important factor that can prevent infant and childhood morbidity and mortality, done during the 1st half year of life

A

Breastfeeding

96
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Passed from mom to infant through breastfeeding

A

natural immunity

97
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

first milk that comes from the mother

A

Colostrum

98
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Exclusive breastfeeding

A

Up to 2 months

99
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Skin contact with the mom and baby

A

Rooming In

100
Q

Infant and Young Child Feeding

may cause diarrhea due to different composition

A

cow’s milk

101
Q

T/F: Some times cow’s milk is used in rooming in.

A

True

102
Q

T/F: Malnutrition leads
to generational diabetes according to Dutch Hunger Studies.

A

True

103
Q

Breastfeeding

Giving only breast milk to infants, recommended for up to 6 months

A

Exclusive Breastfeeding

104
Q

Breastfeeding

Benefits for Infant

A
  • A complete food for thebinfants
  • Strengthen immune system thus preventing infections
  • Increases IQ points for exclusively breastfed children
105
Q

Breastfeeding

Benefits for Mothers

A
  • Reduces excessive blood loss after birth due to
    prolactin
  • Natural method of delaying pregnancies
  • Reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancers due to hormonal changes
106
Q

Products covered by this law consists of breast milk substitute (e.g. infant formula, other milk products, bottle fed complementary foods)

A

Milk Code (EO 51)

107
Q

Requires both public and private institution to promote rooming-in, it encourages and supports
the practice of breastfeeding

A

Rooming-In Breastfeeding Act of 1992 (RA 7600)

108
Q

An act establishing the Philippine food
fortification program and for other purpose, Can be seen in pancit canton with the sun logo (sangkap pinoy)

A

Food Fortification Law (RA 8976)

109
Q

Vital in the promotion of
optimal health and to compensate for the loss of
nutrients during processing and storage of food.

A

Food Fortification Law

110
Q

Food Fortification Law

The law requires mandatory food fortification of?

A

staple foods

111
Q

Food Fortification Law

Staple foods under the mandatory food fortification

A

Rice, flour, edible oil, sugar

112
Q

Food Fortification Law

Voluntary Fortification

A

Processed food and food
products (Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine)

113
Q

T/F: White rice have no B vitamins, only carbohydrates.

A

True

114
Q

Addition of one or more
essential nutrients to food, whether or not it is
normally contained in the food, for the purpose of
preventing or correcting a demonstrated deficiency
of one or more nutrients in the population or specific population groups

A

Fortification

115
Q

Public health program
aimed at the early identification of infants who are affected by certain genetic/metabolic/infectious conditions

A

Newborn Screening Act of 2004 (RA 9288)

116
Q

Newborn Screening

Loss of enzyme called which is necessary for
glycolysis to happen

A

G6PD

117
Q

Newborn Screening

When is it ideally done?

A

48th-72nd hour but may also be done after 24 hours from birth

118
Q

Newborn Screening

The filter card is sent to?

A

Newborn Screening Center (NSC)

119
Q

T/F: The NBS detects early genetics, not genetic consequences.

A

False

opposite

120
Q

Newborn Screening

Early genetics

A

Amniocentesis and paracentesis

121
Q

Newborn Screening

Results from the lack or absence of thyroid
hormone which is essential for the physical and
mental development of a child

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism

122
Q

Newborn Screening

Is an endocrine disorder that causes severe salt
loss, dehydration, and abnormally high levels of
male sex hormones in both boys and girls

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

123
Q

Newborn Screening

Babies with CAH may die within?

A

7-14 days

124
Q

Newborn Screening

Is a condition in which babies are unable to process galactose, the sugar present in milk

A

Galactosemia (GAL)

125
Q

Newborn Screening

What does accumulation of excessive galactose cause?

A

liver damage, brain damage, cataracts, mental retardation

126
Q

T/F: In GAL, they cannot have lactose as galactose is a component of this.

A

True

127
Q

Newborn Screening

Is a rare condition in which the baby cannot properly use one of the building blocks of
Phenylalanine

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

128
Q

Newborn Screening

What does accumulation of excessive phenylalanine cause?

A

brain damage

129
Q

Newborn Screening

Is a condition where the body lacks the enzyme
called G6PD

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

130
Q

Newborn Screening

Signs and Symptoms of G6PD Deficiency

A

Hemolytic anemia

131
Q

T/F: In G6PD, the RBC will lyse if you introduce something that does not promote oxidative stress.

A

False

promotes oxidative stress

132
Q

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened

CH

A

Severe Mental Retardation

133
Q

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened

CAH

A

Death

134
Q

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened

GAL

A

Death or Cataracts

135
Q

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened

PKU

A

Severe Mental Retardation

136
Q

Newborn Screening: Effect if Not Screened

G6PD Deficiency

A

Severe anemia, Kernicterus

137
Q

Launched in July 1976 by the DOH in
cooperation with WHO and UNICEF

A

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

138
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Objective

A

To reduce the morbidity
and mortality among infants and children (amongst vaccine preventable diseases) caused by the seven
childhood diseases

139
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

dose of BCG

A

1

140
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

BCG stands for?

A

bacille Calmette-Guerin

141
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

doses of OPV

A

3

142
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

OPV stands for?

A

Oral Polio Vaccine

143
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

doses of DPT

A

3

144
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

DPT stands for?

A

Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus

145
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

doses of HB?

A

3

146
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

HB stands for?

A

Hepatitis B

147
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

doses of Measles vaccine

A

1

148
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

All vaccines should be given when?

A

before child’s 1st birthday

149
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Side effect of BCG

A

Keloidal scars

150
Q

T/F: Hepatitis vaccines are usually twinrix (A and B)

A

True

151
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

MMRV stands for?

A

Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella

152
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Rubeola or red rash

A

Measles

153
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

German measles or tigdas

A

Rubella

154
Q

signed by President Benigno Aquino III in July 26, 2010

A

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011 (RA 10152)

155
Q

This program includes basic immunization for
children under 5 including other types determined by the Secretary of Health

A

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011 (RA 10152)

156
Q

Four major strategies of Mandatory Immunization Act

A
  1. Sustaining high routine
    FIC coverage of at least
    90%
  2. Sustaining polio free country for global
    certification
  3. Eliminating measles by 2008
  4. Eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008
157
Q

Process by which vaccines are introduced into the body before injection sets in.

A

Immunization

158
Q

T/F: It is safe and immunologically effective to administer all EPI vaccines on the same day at different sites of the body.

A

True

159
Q

T/F: Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea and vomiting are not contraindicated to vaccination.

A

True

160
Q

Contraindicated to a child
who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days
of the previous dose.

A

DPT 2 and DPT 3

161
Q

This must not be given to individuals who are
immunosuppressed due to malignant disease,
therapy with immunosuppressive agents or
irradiation.

A

Live vaccines (BCG)

162
Q

T/F: Repeat BCG vaccination if the child does develop a scar (keloid) after the first injection.

A

False

does not develop

163
Q

___ immunization shall be given to all school entrants both in private and public schools regardless of the presence or absence of keloidal scar.

A

BCG

164
Q

BCG

Minimum age at 1st dose

A

Birth or anytime after birth

165
Q

BCG

Reason

A

It protects infants from TB meningitis and TB infections

166
Q

DPT

Minimum age at 1st dose

A

6 weeks

167
Q

DPT

Minimum interval between doses

A

4 weeks

168
Q

DPT

Reason

A

It reduces the chance of pertussis

169
Q

OPV

Minimum age at 1st dose

A

6 weeks after birth

170
Q

OPV

Minimum interval between doses

A

4 weeks

171
Q

OPV

Reason

A

Protection against Polio
Disease

172
Q

Hepa B

Minimum age at 1st dose

A

At birth

173
Q

Hepa B

Minimum interval (1st to 2nd dose)

A

6 weeks interval

174
Q

Hepa B

Minimum interval (2nd to 3rd dose)

A

8 weeks interval

175
Q

Vaccines that are most sensitive to heat

A
  • OPV (Live attenuated)
  • Measles (Freeze Dried)
176
Q

Storage temperature for vaccines most sensitive to heat

A

-15 to -25C at the freezer

177
Q

Vaccines that are least sensitive to heat

A
  • DPT/Hep B
  • BCG (freeze dried)
  • Tetanus Toxoid
178
Q

Storage temperature for vaccines least sensitive to heat

A

2 to 8 C in the refrigerator

179
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

BCG

A

0.05ml, Intradermal, Right Deltoid Region

180
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

DPT

A

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Upper outer portion of thigh

181
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

OPV

A

2 drops, Oral, Mouth

182
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

Measles

A

0.5ml, Subcutaeneous, Outer part of the arm

183
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

Hepa B

A

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Upper outer portion of thigh

184
Q

Dose, Route and Site of Administration

Tetanus toxoid

A

0.5ml, Intramuscular, Deltoid Region

185
Q

Common nutritional deficiencies

A

Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine

186
Q

Nutrition Program

Goal

A

To improve the quality of life of Filipinos through better nutrition, improved health and increased productivity

187
Q

Nutrition Program

Programs and projects

A
  • Micronutrient supplementation
  • Food fortification
  • Nurition Information
  • Communication and Education
  • Home, School and Community Food Production
  • Food Assistance.
188
Q

One of the interventions to address the health
and nutritional needs of infants and children and
improve their growth and survival.

A

Micronutrient Supplementation

189
Q

Twice-a-year distribution of Vitamin A capsules
through the “Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy” (ASAP)

A

Micronutrient Supplementation

190
Q

Approach adopted to provide micronutrient
supplements to 6-71 months old preschoolers on a nationwide scale.

A

Garantisadong Pambata or Child Health Week

191
Q

T/F: Quarterly weighing of children is being done and is in line with surveillance.

A

True

192
Q

Goal of Dental Health

A

Attainment of improved quality of life through promotion of oral health and quality oral health
care.

193
Q

Dental Health Objectives

A
  1. The prevalence of dental caries is reduced
  2. The prevalence of periodontal (gums) disease is reduced
  3. Dental caries experience is reduced
  4. The proportion of Orally Fit Children (OFC) 12-71
    months old is increased

2S CPH LEC (9 decks)

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