Q1 Abx Flashcards
(77 cards)
HNPEK stands for?
They are Gram ____ organizms
Hemophilis
Nysteria
Proteus
E-coli
Klebsiela
Gram NEGATIVE
VRE stands for?
Gram _____ organisms
Vanc resistant Enterococus
Gram POSITIVE
Antibiotic selection is made based on what 4 categories?
Infection site (and therefore likely organism)
Antibiotic characteristics
Patient characteristics
Treatment guidelines
What type of organisms are usually found in the oral site?
Gram-POS bacteria (usually streptococcus) and candida
What type of organisms are usually found on the skin and introduced through vascular access?
GPos and Gneg usually staphylococcus and candida
what type of organism is typically found in the intra-abdominal site
Gram NEG (usuallly Enterobacteriacae
And Gram POS usually Enterococcus
Candida
What type of bacteria is found in the urinary site typically introduced through catheters?
Gram Neg Psuedomonas and Enterobacteriacase
Gram POS E-coli
Candida
What organisms are found in respiratory tract (ventilator associated)
Gram neg pseudomonas, acinetobacter, enterobacteriacae
Gram pos staphylococcus
Fungi - candida and aspergillus.
2 main categories of abx based on excretion
Hydrophilic (Beta-lactate, aminoglycosides, Vanc, Daptomycin, Polymyxins)
Lipophilic (Quinolones, Macrolides, Rifampin, Linezolid, Tetracycline)
Characteristics of hydrophilic abx
Small Vd -> less tissue penetration
Most renally eliminated
Not active against atypical pathogens because of low intracellular concentration
Poor-moderate bioavailability
Characteristics of lipophilic abx
Large Vd -> better tissue penetration
Hepatically metabolized
Many DDIs
High Intracellular concentration so effective against atypical pathogens
Excellent bioavailability (IV:PO ratio is or close to 1:1)
Even though quinolones are lipophilic, they still require ______
Renal dose adjustments
If the term CYP (“sip”) is used in relation with a medication, what does this mean?
It is an enzyme in the liver that helps to clear/eliminate medications.
5 main classes of antibiotics based on __________
How they affect the target cell.
Cell-Wall Inhibitors
Folic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
DNA/RNA inhibitors
Cell Membrane Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Beta-Lactams, Monobactams and Vanc are _______ kind of abx
Cell wall inhibitors
Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Clindamycin, Linezolid are all _______
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Polymixins, Daptomycin, Telvancin and Oritavancin are all _______
Cell Membrane inhibitors
Quinolones (-floxacin), Metronidazole, Tinidazole and Rifampin are all ______
DNA/RNA inhibitors
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim and dapsone are all _________
Folic Acid Synthesis inhibitors.
Penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems are ________ abx
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
How do BLs work?
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to Penicillin binding Proteins (PBPs)
GPos aerobe organisms
MRSA, MSSA, S Pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans group, Enterococcus (not VRE)
MMSSE
GNeg aerobe organisms
HNPEK, CAPES, pseudomonas
Anaerobic organisms
Gram pos (mouth flora)
Gram negative (bactericides fragilis)
