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General Biology 1 > Q1: Cell Theory & Organelles > Flashcards

Q1: Cell Theory & Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

The basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.

A

Cell

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2
Q

The first to observe cork/dead tree cells under a microscope and was coined to the word cell.

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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3
Q

He was able to observe blood cells, spermatozoa, and other ‘animalcules’ like protists.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)

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4
Q

A partnership of a biologist and a physiologist who contributed on the first 2 statements in the modern Cell Theory.

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)

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5
Q

A Dutch father-son team who invented the first so-called compound microscope in the late 16th century.

A

Hans and Zacharias Janssen (1500s)

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6
Q

German botanist who concluded that plants are composed of cells and formulated the plant cell theory/

A

Matthias Schleiden

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7
Q

German zoologist who concluded that animals are composed of cells and formulated the animal cell theory.

A

Theodore Schwann

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8
Q

Coined the last statement in the Modern Cell Theory.

A

Robert Remak/Rudolf Virchow

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9
Q

German pathologist who concluded that all cells must come only from pre-existing cells.

A

Rudolf Virchow

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10
Q

Enumerate the Cell Theory

A
  1. All life are composed of one or more cells.
  2. Cell is the basic unit of life.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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11
Q

A network of interconnected membranes consisting of sacs and canals. Transport materials within the cell; provides attachment for ribosomes. It is the site of protein synthesis.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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12
Q

Membranous sac with inner partitions. Site where energy released from food molecules and transformed into usable form.

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

The mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.

A

matrix

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14
Q

a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A

Crista (plural cristae)

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14
Q

Double-membraned organelles

A

Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast

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15
Q

The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine.

A

lumen

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16
Q

A flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

A

Cisterna (plural cisternae)

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16
Q

Particles composed of protein and RNA. Site of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Types of Ribosomes

A

(1) Free & (2) Fixed Ribosomes

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18
Q

A semifluid substance representing the foundation of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

A number of microscopic bodies inside the cytoplasm called “little organs.”

A

organelles

20
Q

Non-membranous structure composed of two rod-like centrioles.

A

centrosome

21
Q

Helps distribute chromosomes to daughter cells during cell reproduction and initiates the formation of cilia.

A

centrioles

22
Q

Hair-like projections attached to basal bodies beneath cell membrane that propel fluids over cellular surface and enable certain cells to move.

A

Cilia and Flagella

23
Q

Composed primarily of histone protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

A

Nucleus

24
Q

All cells have a nucleus in the human body EXCEPT

A

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

25
Q

a membrane surrounding the nucleus of human cells

A

Nuclear envelope/membrane

26
Q

Dense, non-membranous body composed of protein and RNA. Contains materials to form ribosomes.

A

Nucleus

27
Q

Group of flattened, membranous sacs that packages protein molecules for secretion; origin of lysosomes.

A

Golgi Body/Apparatus

28
Q

Membranous sacs. Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

A

Lysosome

29
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

30
Q

Manufacturing organelles

A
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Golgi Apparatus
31
Q

Breakdown organelles

A
  • Lysosome
  • Vacuoles
  • Peroxisomes
32
Q

Energy Processing Organelles

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
33
Q

Organelles for Structural Support, Movement and Communication

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Centrioles
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cell Wall
34
Q

“receiving” side of Golgi Apparatus

A

cis face

35
Q

“shipping” side of the golgi apparatus

A

trans face

36
Q

They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

A

Thylakoid

37
Q

It refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.

A

stroma

38
Q

The stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.

A

grana

39
Q

Under natural light, the chloroplasts appear green, but under ultraviolet light, they naturally fluoresce _________.

A

red

40
Q

Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton.

A

Microtubules

Tubulin Polymers

41
Q

Two intertwined strands of actin

A

Microfilaments

Actin Filaments

42
Q

Fibrous Proteins coiled into cables.

A

Intermediate Filaments

43
Q

Three structures of the cytoskeleton

A
  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate Filaments
44
Q

Which of the following statement is NOT part of the Modern Cell Theory?
a. All life is composed of one or more cells
b. All cells are mobile
c. Cell is the basic unit of life
d. All cells come from preexisting cells

A

b. All cells are mobile

45
Q

A pesticide kills insects by disabling the ribosomes in their cells. Which of the following function would be most immediately inhibited in the insects’ cell?
a. Protein synthesis
b. DNA replication
c. Photosynthesis
d. Cell division

A

a. Protein synthesis

46
Q

Which substance fills the space between organelles?

A

cytoplasm

47
Q

Hoshi is viewing a cell under the microscope. Which of the following structure would tell her that the cell is eukaryotic?
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosomes
c. nucleus
d. DNA

A

c. nucleus

48
Q

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. chloroplasts
d. vacuole

A

c. chloroplasts

General Biology 1 (22 decks)

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