Q1: Diseases and Disorders in Cell Cycle

Question 1

The normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.

Answer 1

disjunction

Question 2

The abnormal separation of chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II.

Answer 2

nondisjunction

Question 3

Types of structural abnormalities in chromosomes

Answer 3

• duplication (addition)
• deletion (subtraction)
• inversion
• translocation

Question 4

An abnormality that removes a chromosomal segment.

Answer 4

deletion

Question 5

An abnormality that repeats a segment.

Answer 5

duplication

addition

Question 5

An abnormality that reverses a segment within a chromosome.

Answer 5

inversion

Question 6

An abnormality that moves a segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.

Answer 6

translocation

Question 7

The most common types of translocation where nonhomologous chromosomes exchange fragments.

Answer 7

reciprocal translocation

Question 8

A types of translocation where a chromosome transfers a fragment but receives none in return.

Answer 8

nonreciprocal translocation

Question 9

A picture of the chromosomes from the human cell arranged in pairs by size.

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a karyotype.

Answer 10

autosomes

Question 11

The last pair of chromosomes in a karyotype.

Answer 11

sex chromosomes

Question 12

The sex chromosomes of males.

Answer 12

XY

Question 13

The sex chromosomes of females.

Answer 13

XX

Question 14

Mechanisms for controlling progress through the cell cycle

Answer 14

• checkpoints
• length of telomeres
• chemical signals

Question 15

A cell with an imbalance of chromosomes.

Answer 15

aneuploid

Question 16

A condition of having an extra or missing chromosomes.

Answer 16

aneuploidy

Question 17

The presence of an extra chromosome, a third instead of a pair.

Answer 17

trisomy

Question 18

The absence of one of the chromosomes.

Answer 18

monosomy

Question 19

These are missing pieces of chromosomes and/or genetic material. Some may be small and difficult to be detected.

Answer 19

deletions

Question 20

Pieces of chromosomes
break off and reattach to another chromosome.

Answer 20

translocation

Question 21

A one-to-one switch during translocation where all of the genetic material is present (but in the wrong place).

Answer 21

balanced translocation

Question 22

A one-to-one switch during translocation where not all of the genetic material is present and in the wrong place.

Answer 22

unbalanced translocation

Question 23

Also known as Trisomy 21

Answer 23

Down syndrome

Question 24

Other term for Down Syndrome

Answer 24

Trisomy 21

Question 25

A disorder where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.

Answer 25

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 26

A rare genetic abnormality in which a male receives an extra Y chromosome from his father.

Answer 26

Jacob’s syndrome

Question 27

A condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.

Answer 27

Turner syndrome

Question 28

A chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing.

Answer 28

Cri du Chat

Question 29

Also known as Trisomy 18

Answer 29

Edward syndrome

Question 30

Also known as Trisomy 13

Answer 30

Patau syndrome

Question 31

Other term for Patau syndrome

Answer 31

Trisomy 13