Q1 quiz 1 Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
Religous belief that the universe was ffrom a supernatural act of divine creation
A
Theory of Creation
2
Q
Who are originally created the Big-Bang Theory
A
Alexander Friedman and Georges Lamaitre
3
Q
13.7B years ago there was nothing. Suddenly, due to a random fluctuation in an empty void, there was a great explosion.
A
Big Bang Theory
4
Q
a tiny compact point where all the matter and energy in the universe are crammed into.
A
Singularity
5
Q
In order, what are the events in bigbang theory?
A
Singularity Era
Inflation Era
Formation of Basic Elements
Formation of the Universe
Radiation Era
Matter Dominance
Birth of Stars and Galaxies
6
Q
Singularity Era is also known as ?
A
planck era
7
Q
it is the earliest known period of the universe
A
singularity era
8
Q
what era was when all matter was condensed into a single point of infinite density and heat
A
singularity era
9
Q
in inflation era, how big did the universe expanded?
A
10^35 meters in width
10
Q
when protons and neutrons combined what is made?
A
hydgrogen nuclei
11
Q
when pairs of hydrogen nuclei combine, what is made? and what do you call this process
A
helium nuclei, neosynthesis
12
Q
this era possessed gravity, strong and weak nuclear forces and electro magnetic forces
A
formation of the universe
13
Q
most of the energies was formed in this era
A
radiation era
14
Q
in radiation era, what was formed?
A
cosmic microwave background
15
Q
what era did lithium atoms began to form
A
matter dominance
16
Q
how do you make atoms on the matter dominance era?
A
hydrogen and helium nuclei
17
Q
dopple shift towards the end of spectrum, due to light waves being stretched
A
red shifting
18
Q
what theory states that the universe doesn’t change in its appearance and it is homologous
Universe was and will always the same the whole time
A
steady state theory
19
Q
it is an extension to the big bang theory, it proposed three solutions
A
inflation theory
20
Q
energy of empty space which causes expansion to accelerate
A
dark energy
21
Q
this energy cannot be seen
A
dark matter
22
Q
who made the vortex theory
A
rene descartes
23
Q
theory that states that Sun is the center, swirl of vortex carries the planet around like leaves in the whirlpool
A
vortex theory
24
Q
who made the collision theory
A
georges louis leclerc comte de buffon
25
A theory that states that A comet strike the sun had broken off debris that became the planets of the solar system
collision theory
26
who made the nebular theory
immanuel kant
27
A theory that states that The gravitational forces in a slowly rotating nebula would gradually flatten it and create within it several denser clouds of gas which would separately compact themselves into distinct spheres, The Sun and the planets
nebular theory
28
the belief that the sun was the center of the solar system and earth revolves around the sun
heliocentrism
29
who was the original thinker of heliocentrism
aristarchus
30
belief that Earth is at the middle while planets and sun revolve around it
This was the belief during the ancient times
geocentrism
31
what are the terrestrial planets
mercury
venus
earth
mars
32
what are the jovian planets
jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune
33
the distance of solar nebula from protostar
frost line
34
as protostar increases, temperature decreases
T OR F
TRUE
35
smallest, fastest, closest, half cold half hot
mercury
36
greek god representation of mercury
messenger; hermes
37
why is venus the hottest planet
high amount of carbon dioxide and atmosphere contains sulfuric acid
38
greek representation of venus
goddess of beauty; aphrodite
39
distance between the earth and the moon
astronomical unit
40
two moons of mars
phobos and deimos
41
why is mars red
high amount of iron in soil
42
greek god representation of mars
god of war; ares
43
galilean moons
ganymede, europa, callisto, io
44
what does the huge red spots on jupiter mean
huge storms
45
saturn is mostly made up of?
hydrogen and helium
46
what contributes to the blue color of uranus
methane
47
first planet located through mathematical calculations
neptune
48
celestial bodies that orbit around the sun
dwarf planets
49
dwarf planets are also called
satellites
50
where are asteroid belts found
between gaseous and terrestrial planets
51
what kind of asteroid belt is found after neptune at the end
kuiper bely
52
a vast cloud of icy planetesimals surrounding the sun beyond pluto, distant edges of Kuiper
oorts cloud
53
icy body that releases gassess as it orbits the sun
comets
54
● Streak of light seen when a meteoroid heats up
in the atmosphere
● Enters in the atmosphere, burning already
meteors
55
piece of dust in space
meteoroid
56
meteor fragment that reached the ground
meteorite
57
three requirments of being a planet
1 - orbits around sun
2 - self gravity
3 - dominates neighborhood
58
branch of geology that deals with the origin, composition, structure, and classification of rocks
paleontology
59
study of rock layers and layering
stratigraphy
60
The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous process
uniformitarianism
61
two types of fundametal techniques
relative dating and absolute dating
62
This is in chronological order but without knowing their actual age
relative dating
63
what type of rocks does relative dating work the best
sedimentary rocks
64
Science that examines sedimentary rocks and follows principles to determine the sequence of geologic event (chronologic)
stratigraphy
65
Uses fossils to establish relative ages of rock and correlate successions of sedimentary rocks within between depositional basins
biostratigraphy
66
An interval of geologic strat characterized by certain fossil taxa
biozone
67
father of stratigraphy and founder of the study of fossils
nicolaus steno
68
what are the 4 law of stratigraphy according to steno
law of superposition
law of original horizontality
law of inclusion
law of cross cutting relationships
69
new on top of the old
law of superposition
70
original where laid horizontally
law of original horizontality
71
If rocks or rock fragments are included within another rock layer, the rock fragments must be older than the rock layer where they were embedded
Law of Inclusion
72
Geologic features like faults or igneous intrusions are younger than the rocks they cut across
Law of cross cutting relationship
73
remnants or trace of organism of a past geologic time scale
fossils
74
type of fossils where the entire animals trapped and preserved on ice, tar, other materials
true form fossils
75
type of fossils where it has a hollow impressions of a living thing in a rock, reflects only the shape and surface marking
mold fossils
76
type of fossils when mold fossils get filled with minerals
cast fossils
77
type of fossils where impressions on rocks show various activities
trace rocks
78
minerals replace the structure of the organism
petrification
79
formed due to the burial of plants or plants parts in sediments
compression
80
preservation of original skeletons and soft body parts
preserved remains
81
high precision, and gives the exact age of fossils
absolute dating
82
what type of rocks does absolute dating is best for?
igneous and metamorphic rocks
83
what is CMBI or the 4 golden spikes type
Climate, magnetic, biologic, isotopic
84
Time scale organized according to when certain organisms lived on Earth
geologic timescale
85
longest subdivision, hundreds of million of years; deteremined by the prevalence of certain fossils list
eons
86
marks a major shift in the types of fossils present list
eras
87
division within an era; marks stages within an era where different kinds of life existed
periods
88
shortest; divides periods into smaller units and is also determined by life-form changes
epochs
89
when did earth coalesced
hadean eon
90
when did earth meet moon
hadeon eon
91
when did magnetic fields form
hadeon eon
92
when did late bombardment stage happen ot when asteroids polted earth
hadeon eon
93
when did earth has its first oceans
archean era
94
when did formation of dna based genes happen
archean era
95
when did the formation of tectonic plate activity happen
archean era
96
when did the great oxygenation event took place
archean era
97
when did oxygen crises happen
proterozoic era
98
when did first eukaryotes arise
proterozoic era
99
when did the snowball or the first ice age happened
proterozoic era
100
what are the eon/era under precambrian period
hadeon eon, archean era, proterozoic era
101
when did the cambrian explosion began
paleozoic era
102
age of fishes, fungi, land animals, amphibians, and invertebrates
paleozoic era
103
age of reptiles, confers, dinosaurs, and pangea
mesozoic era
104
how did dinosaurs went extinct
death by asteroid that produced natural disasters plus climate change
105
where domination of mamals happen, dinosaur extinction, stone age, homo sapiens, primates, grass, modern earth
cenozoic era
106
this extinction happen due to change in temperature
ordovician-silurian
107
this extinction happen due to loss of amphibians
late devonian extinction
108
this extinction is the deadliest 96% died and marks the end of reptiles
permian-triassic extinction
109
this extinction wiped all the dinosaurs, asteroid event
cretaceous-paleogene extinction
110
this extinction where many species are going extinct, due in part to human impact greatly caused by change in climate/ temperatures and weather
holocene extinction
111
2 eras under phanerozoic era
paleozoic era and mesozoir era
112
what even do u call when too much O2 oxygen escaped the ocean and enters the atmosphere
great oxygenation event
113
when heavy objects sink in the middle
core accretion
114
Pulls objects with mass towards each other, bigger mass bigger gravitational force
Gravitational Forces
115
Short range force present in radioactive decay
Weak nuclear forces
116
type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles
electromagnetic forces
117
what force holds the nucleus
strong nuclear forces
118
The process of creating the Nucleus
nucleosynthesis
119
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
isotopes
120
if you add more protons to a nucleus what could be made
helium
121
3 evidences of the BB THEORY
1. galaxies moving away
2. cmb
3. abundance of light elements
122
Dark energy reverses, and stops expanding
big crunch
123
Continuous expansion but in a very slow rate
big chill
124
faster but could tear apart the universe, expansion
continue forever
125
what direction does planet spin
counterclockwise
126
has high amounts of volcanoes and canyons
mars
127
how many moons does jupiter have
80-95 moons
128
what are the dwarf planets
Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Ceres
129
when did pluto downgraded as dwarf planet
august 2006
130
prominent trail of dust and gases generally in direction of solar wind but curves toward comet path
dust tail
131
trail of plasma streaks back from the solar wind
ion tail
132
invisible, irregular cloud surround the coma
hydrogen envelope
133
vapor cloud surrounding the nucleus
coma
134
solid comet core, may be hidden by coma
nucleus
135
source of long-period comets
oort cloud
136
Cosmographical boundary of the solar system
oort cloud
137
what are the two comets on kuiper belt
halley's comet and encke's comet
138
how many times high was the heat flow in the hadeon eon
3 times more
139
two phases of the ordovician silurian
glaciation event and heating event
140
how did late devonian happen
- land plants developed deep roots
- they released nutrients that fed algae
- dumami algae
- they consumed oxygen suffocating many species
141
how did the permian-triassic extinction happen
- volcanic activity produced massive amounts of carbon dioxide
- bacteria that thrive on carbon dioxide produced methane
- it warmed the planet making oceans acidic creating toxic environment for life
142
according to the creationism how long did it take for the earth to be made
6 days
143
end of stars (when helium
and hydrogen runs out)
supernova
144
these determine the start of the universe
nebulas
145
There was a star who passed through the
Sun and because of the gravitational
pull, a part of the Sun was torn. The torn
materials turned into the planets.
tidal theory
146
according to the solar nebular theory, what are the 5 stages
collapse, spinning, flattening, condensation, accreation
147
what is the largest volcano in mars
olympus
148
Every sun is a star with its own vortex, so the cosmos is a veritable sea of vortices
Vortex theory
149
Aurora in northern hemisphere
Aurora borealis
150
Aurora in southern hemisphere
Aurora australis
151
Steps of Formation of planets
1. Planetary nebula
2. Accretion
3. Plantisimals
4. Differentiation
5. Current planet
152
Helps us understand the physical processes involved in rock formation
Petrology
153
Establishes the relative age of rock layers
Stratigraphy
154
Organisms preserved in hardened tree sap
Amber fossils
