Q1 quiz 2 Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
Exchanges mass and energy (heat)
A
open system
2
Q
Transfer of energy (heat) but not mass
A
closed system
3
Q
Does not allow transfer of mass / energy
A
isolated system
4
Q
for energy, what system does earth follow
A
open
5
Q
for matter, what system does earth follow
A
closed
6
Q
Gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth
A
atmosphere
7
Q
“atmos” is greek word for
A
air
8
Q
roles of atmosphere
A
- protects earth
- heat transfer
- water cycle
- contains gasses that organisms need
- protects earth’s surface from struck of meteors
9
Q
composition of atmosphere
A
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.9% other elements
10
Q
earth is tilted at ?
A
25.5 degrees
11
Q
0-30° latitude ->
A
warm
12
Q
30-60° latitude
A
cool
13
Q
60-90° latitude
A
coolest
14
Q
amount of water vapor in air
A
humidity
15
Q
percentage of water vapor
A
relative humidity
16
Q
sunlight near the pole spreads out over a large area, creating cold air
A
because the earht is round
17
Q
sunlight becomes more spread out and weaker, creating slightly cooler air
A
father away from equator
18
Q
receive direct high angle sunlight, creating warm air
A
near earth’s equator
19
Q
global pattern of air and water movement, whirlpool / circulating
A
cariolis
20
Q
largest cell
A
haldey cell
21
Q
responsible for trade winds in tropics
A
hadley cell
22
Q
control low latitude weather patterns
A
hadley cells
23
Q
low latitude air circulation
A
hadley cells
24
Q
Average air motion in mid-latitude
A
ferrel cell
25
Air rise and sink at the equator at 30° latitude
hadley cells
26
Air sink near 30° and rise air farther poleward
ferrel cell
27
smallest and weakest cell
polar cell
28
Air sink over highest latitudes and flows out at lower latitudes
polar cell
29
layers of atmosphere from lowest to highest
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
exosphere
30
clouds and weather activity
troposphere
31
wettest layer
troposphere
32
abundant ozone molecule
stratosphere
33
very dry and have little water vapor, few clouds
stratosphere
34
coldest temperaure
mesosphere
35
mysterious layer
mesosphere
36
where meteors crach and vaporize
mesosphere
37
Relatively high iron and other metal atoms concentration
mesosphere
38
where auroras occur
thermosphere
39
where satellites and radio waves travel
thermosphere
40
outermost layer
exosphere
41
exosphere is mainly composed of
helium and hydrogen
42
ideal satellite placement
exosphere
43
As you move up troposphere
temperature decreases (hotter)
44
As you move up stratosphere
temperature increases (colder)
45
As you move up the mesosphere
temp decreases
46
As you move up the thermosphere
temp increases
47
pause between troposphere and stratosphere
tropopause
48
between stratosphere and mesosphere
stratopause
49
Main cause of ozone depletion and displacement of oxygen
Chlorofluorocarbons
50
where airplanes fly
stratosphere
51
- International agreement developed under the sponsorship of the United Nations
- Eliminate the production and use ozone-impacting chemicals
Montreal Protocol
52
Water vapor and carbon dioxide
greenhouse gasses
53
Increase in surface temperature and Effect of greenhouse
global warming
54
First major international effort to slow global climate change
kyoto protocol
55
gov measures to reduce air pollution by including environmental protection activities into its developmental plans.
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA 8749
56
regulation of tobacco products
tobacco regulation act of 2003
57
when cold and hot air meet
( smoke and fog )
smog
58
primary reason why rivers aren't straight is because of the
earth's rotation
59
only substance that exists in the atmosphere as a solid (ice), liquid (liquid water) and gas (water vapor)
hydrogen and oxygen atoms
60
the water cycle
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
61
functions of water
1. needed for everyday life
2. habitat.
3. weather
4. it shapes the land
62
freshest of all water, water from precipitation
ground water
63
when do plants undergo transpiration
at night, when stomata is open
64
process by which plants lose water out of their leaves
transpiration
65
gas to liquid
condesation
66
liquid to gas
vaporization
67
solid to gas
sublimation
68
when so much water has condensed that air cannot hold it anymore
precipitation
69
sea level, sunlight rarely penetrates beyond the zone
euphotic zone / sunlight zone
70
200 meters, sunlight decreases rapidly with depth, photosynthesis is not possible
dysphotic zone / twilight zone
71
1000 deeper, sunlight does not penetrate, this zone is bathed in darkness
aphotic zone
72
where bioluminicense organisms appear
aphotic zones
73
4000-6000 meters, ocean floor
abyssopelagic zone
74
6000 meters and deeper, trenches are here
hadopelagic zone
75
Maintain the security of Philippine
waters and their maximum use for the
benefit of the Filipino people (ex; west philippine sea)
The Water Code of the Philippines
(P.P. No 1067)
76
Law for water quality management, prevent and abate pollution
Philippine Clean Water Act 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)
77
prevailing wind affecting a large area
monsoon
78
amihan, november to february
northeast monsoon
79
habagat, may to oct
southwest monsoon
80
Cold wind usually from China and Siberia
northeast monsoon
81
Wind from Australia that flows in a direction going towards the equator
southwest monsoon
82
A region where the atmospheric pressure
is lower than that of surrounding location
tropical cyclone
83
Form under areas of wind divergent that
occur in the upper levels of troposphere
tropical cyclone
84
tropical cyclone spins in ____ in south
clockwise
85
tropical cyclone spins in ____ in north
counterclockwise
86
name of tropical cyclone in atlantic ocean
hurricane
87
name of tropical cyclone in indian ocean
cyclones
88
name of tropical cyclone in pacific oceans
typhoons
89
- Cycling wind where cold and hot air meets
- Happen in the land
tornado
90
thinnest of all layers of earth
crust
91
most abundant elements in the crust
oxygen
silicon
aluminum
92
- made mostly of granite
- thicker but less dense
- 1/3 of earth's surface
continental crust
93
- made mostly of basalt
- thinner but denser
- 2/3 of the earth's surface
oceanic crust
94
middle layer of the earth
mantle
95
Rocky part of the earth’s crust and upper solid mantle
lithosphere
96
Found in upper to mid mantle
asthenosphere
97
this causes tectonic plate movement
asthenosphere
98
center of the earth
core
99
layer boundary between crust and upper mantle
mohorovicic discontinuity
100
layer boundary between upper and lower mantle
repetti discontinuity
101
layer boundary between lower mantle and outer core
gutenberg discontinuity
102
layer boundary between the other and inner core
lehmann discontinuity
103
Formed by years and years of sediment
compacting together and becoming hard
sedimentary rocks
104
what law does sedimentary rocks follow
law of superposition
105
young rock, formed by volcanoes
igneous rocks
106
2 types of igneous rocks
intrusive and extrusive
107
cool slowly
found beneath land
intrusive
108
cool quickly
on top of ground
extrusive
109
Transform by great heat and pressure and made from other types of rock combined
metamorphic
110
Natural occurring inorganic solid materials with definite chemical position and ordered atomic arrangement
minerals
111
property of minerals; most obvious property of minerals, least diagnostic
color
112
property of minerals; color of mineral in its powdered form
streak
113
property of minerals; measurement of the strength of chemical bonds
hardness
114
strongest mineral
diamond
115
softest mineral
talc
116
property of minerals; consistent breaks along plane
cleavage
117
property of minerals; Breaks along random, irregular surfaces
fracture
118
property of minerals; minerals have definite structure
crystalline structure
119
property of minerals; outward appearance of specific crystal form
crystal habit
120
property of minerals; appearance when light is reflected from its surface
luster
121
property of minerals; ratio of weight of the mineral to an equal amount of water
specific gravity
122
Process that deform the Earth’s crust
tectonics
123
Plates that move around on top of asthenosphere
tectonic plate
124
Large scale movements of earth’s lithosphere
tectonic plate
125
A theory that explained how continents shift
position on Earth’s surface
continental drift
126
Plate slide apart from each other
divergent
127
creates: mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, volcanoes
divergent
128
plates slide towards each other
convergent
129
type of convergent boundary that creates mountains : himalayas and appalchian mountains
continent - continent
130
type of convergent boundary that cerates deep sea trenches
oceanic - oceanic
131
type of convergent boundary that create continental volcanic arc
continental - oceanic
132
when plate slides past each other
transform
133
type of convergent boundary that creayes shield volcanoes
divergent
134
boundary that creates stratovolcanoes
convergent
135
waves of energy that travel through earth and result to earthquakes and volcanism
seismic waves
136
- fastest wave
- beneath the earth
- higher frequency
body waves
137
- on earth's surface
- lower frequency
- responsible for damage and distraction
surface waves
138
type of body wave that can travel through solids and liquids
p-waves
139
type of body wave that cannot travel through liquids
s-waves
140
fastest surface waves, moves the ground side to side
l-waves
141
a surface wave that moves up and down, and side to side
r waves
142
physical process which creates and modifie landforms on the surface of the earth
geomorphic process
143
what are the geomorphic agents
gravity,
water,
moving ice,
waves and tides
wind
plants and animals
144
external process that transforms rocks to sediment
exogenous
145
internal process that reshapes earth's landforms
endogeneous
146
weathering
erosion
mass wasting
deposition
ARE WHAT KIND OF GEOMORPHIC PROCESS
exogenous
147
volcanism
diastrophism
faulting
folding
earthquake
ARE WHAT KIND OF GEOMORPHIC PROCESS
Endogenous
148
this process comprise degradation and aggradation
exogenous process
149
exogenous process is also known as
gradational process
150
what type of exogenous process: reduction in land elevation
degradation process
151
what type of exogenous process: increase in land elevation
aggradation process
152
disintegration and decomposition of rocks - no transportation involved
weathering
153
removal of material from one place to another a greater rate than its replacement
soil erosion
154
agents of erosion
wind
water
ice
155
process by which soil, land, and rock move downslope typically a mass, largerly under the force of gravity but frequently affected by water
mass wasting
156
large amount of sediments flow does not need water to flow down
debris flow
157
combined soil and water flow down a slope
mud flow
158
slow movement of soil along a curved surface
slump
159
process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass
deposition / sedimentation
160
type of exogenous process: volcanic eruptions
igneous process
161
process that usually happens after magma is formed
volcanism
161
type of exogenous process: faulding and faulting
tectonic process
162
happens when magma is generated and develops into igneous rocks
magmatism
163
two forces push towards each other from opposite sides
folding
164
fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or compression
faulting
165
three types of faulting
normal fault
reverse fault
strike slip fault
166
dip-slip in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below
normal fault
167
reverse a dip slip fault in which the upper block, above the faults plane, moves up and over the lower block
reverse fault
168
a fault which the two blocks slide past one another
strike slip fault
169
170
1000-4000 meters deep
bathypelagic
171
Ocean floor
Benthic realm
172
Species that thrive under soil in oceans
Benthos species
173
Benthose species that thrive beneath ocean floor
Endo benthos
174
Benthos species that live on top of ocean soil
Epi benthose
175
Solid earth that incoudes continetal and ocean crust as well as the various layers of earth’s interior
Geosphere
176
Forces generated by the movement of earth’s crust
Diastrophic forces
177
Uplifting or warping of large crust
This creates continents plateaus and caused by vertical movemeng from earth’s center
Epeirogenic processes
