Q2

Question 1

Which of the items listed below is NOT critical for transition from surface to crown fire?
Canopy bulk density
Flame Length
Crown base height
Foliar moisture content

Answer 1

canopy bulk density

Question 2

Choose all of the following that contribute to extreme fire behavior.

unstable air
low relative humidy
foehn winds
large flat areas
high canopy base heights

Answer 2

unstable air
low relative humidy
foehn winds

Question 3

A high canopy bulk density will lead to a ___________(high or low) crowning index.

Answer 3

low

Question 4

A low crown base height will lead to a ___________(high or low) torching index.

Answer 4

low

Question 5

Plants have different strategies for responding to fire. One strategy involves an emphasis on reproducing after fire and is called __________________. List one example of a plant trait or adaptation for this strategy.

Answer 5

resilience

one example is serotinous cones, these cones open when it is exposed to a certain degree of heat that comes from wildfires

Question 6

Plants have different strategies for responding to fire. One strategy, where plants live through fire, is called __________________. List one example of a plant trait or adaptation for this strategy.

Answer 6

Resistance

One example of fire resistance is having thick bark like Ponderosa pine. This makes it so it can survive low to moderate severity fire acting as an insulator.

Question 7

Which factors(s) is/are important in determining whether a plant will live or die due to a fire?

all of these answers

none of these answers

amount of heat: function of heat and residence time

percentage of plant tissue damaged

seasonality

Answer 7

all of these

Question 8

If a fire has moved from the surface to the crown, how can we keep the fire from running through the crowns of trees?

remove ladder fuels

thin out trees to make more space in the canopy

decrease canopy bulk density

all of these answers

increasing the the torching index

Answer 8

Thin out trees to make more space in the canopy

Decrease canopy bulk density

Question 9

Which type of crown fire does not primarily spread through the crowns of trees?
passive
independent
surface
ground

Answer 9

passive

Question 10

What can we do to treat forest stands to help prevent crown fire?
Decrease the canopy bulk density by removing ladder fuels

Increase the canopy base height by removing ladder fuels

Increase the torching index

decreasing the crowning index

increase the canopy bulk density by removing trees

Answer 10

Decrease the canopy bulk density by removing ladder fuels

Increase the canopy base height by removing ladder fuels

Increase the torching index

Question 11

What factors does direct heating of the soil depend on?

fire intensity

residence time

soil moisture

fire severity

position of the soil on the slope

Answer 11

fire intensity
residence time
soil moisture

Question 12

T or F
Hydrophobicity decreases infiltration.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Interception _________
Infiltration ________
Transpiration _________
Overland flow __________
Erosion _________

Answer 13

Interception Decreases

Infiltration decreases

Transpiration decreases

Overland flow increases

Erosion increases

Answer 14

Temporal Attributes:

1. Seasonal
2. Fire return interval

Spatial Attributes:

3. Size and extent
4. Spatial complexity

Magnitude Attributes:

5. Intensity
6. Severity
7. Fire Type