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ANATG > Q2 Exam 4 > Flashcards

Q2 Exam 4 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

minor petrosal nerve

A

parasympathetics from IX passing through the middle ear to the otic ganglion

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2
Q

major petrosal nerve

A

carries preganglionic parasympathetics from VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion

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3
Q

chorda tympani

A

branch of VII that carries parasympathetics to the mandibular and sublingual ganglia and taste from the rostral portion of the tongue, joins the lingual nerve later

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4
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube to the middle ear?

A

equalizes pressure across the tympanic membrane through contraction of the tensor and levator veli palatini

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5
Q

ceruminous glands

A

special mucous glands in the ear, keeps it clean

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6
Q

scutiform cartilage

A

associated with musculature of the external ear (muscles of facial expression)

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7
Q

which two vessels rupture leading to an aural hematoma

A

rostral auricular and caudal auricular

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8
Q

what integrates body and eye movement

A

cerebellum

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9
Q

endolymph

A

fluid in the semicircular and cochlear ducts, increased K+

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10
Q

perilymph

A

fluid in the semicircular canal and scala vestibuli/tympani (not attached to utricle), increased Na+

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11
Q

utricle function

A

monitor and activate response to linear acceleration of horizontal movements

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12
Q

saccule function

A

monitor and activate response to linear acceleration of vertical movements

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13
Q

semicircular ducts function

A

angular acceleration detection

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14
Q

scarpa’s ganglion

A

integrates all the nerve fibers going to the vestibular apparatus

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15
Q

hair cells on the side of the head towards which the person it turning increase or decrease in firing rate

A

increase, depolarize

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16
Q

what causes hair cells to move in the ear?

A

gelatinous tectorial membrane sliding over the basilar membrane from waves in the endolymph

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17
Q

what frequencies are heard at the apex of the cochlea, closest to the oval window

A

low

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18
Q

what frequencies are heard at the base of the cochlea, furthest from the oval window

A

high

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19
Q

what are the three exits to the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxillary foramen, sphenopalatine foramen, and caudal palatine foramen

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20
Q

philtrum

A

midline sulcus between the nostrils

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21
Q

nasal diverticulum

A

blind punch dorsal to the alar fold, miss it when putting in nasal tube in horses

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22
Q

vomeronasal organ

A

cradled in a cartilage extending caudally along the floor of the nasal cavity from the palatine fissure

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23
Q

flehmen reaction

A

in response to female pheromones many male animals which curl up their lip to better open vomeronasal organ

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24
Q

hamulus of the pterygoid bone

A

process that works as a pulley to change the action of certain muscles

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25
palatinus muscle
shortens and ventrally curls the palate
26
palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
connect soft palate to other muscular structures, innervated by vagus
27
where does the caudal branch of the major palatine artery exit the palatine canal?
minor palatine foramen, then anastomoses with the minor palatine artery
28
laryngeal ventricle
pocket of mucosa formed between the vestibular and vocal folds
29
dorsal cricoarytenoid
ONLY muscle that abducts the vocal folds
30
cricothyroideus
rotates thyroid cartilage, only external laryngeal muscle
31
what does lengthening the vocal folds do to the sound produced?
tightens and raises the pitch
32
what are the two nerves involved with the cough reflex
internal laryngeal senses object touching vestibular folds, caudal laryngeal nerve carry motor to internal muscles
33
pharyngeal constrictors
hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cricopharyngeus
34
pharyngeal movers
pterygopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus (IX), and palatopharyngeus
35
what is an alternate route of blood supply in animals without an internal carotid
ascending pharyngeal
36
what nerve controls the gag reflex?
IX sensory to oropharynx but X contributes motor
37
frenulum
midline mucosal fold that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
38
filiform papilae
small jeratinized papillae that cover the tongue and keep sharp objects from puncturing
39
dorsal column (medial lemniscal)
touch, conscious proprioception, axons cross in the medulla
40
anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract)
pain, itch, temperature and non-conscious proprioception, axons cross at level of entry
41
muscle spindle receptors
detect tension and changes of length within the muscle itself
42
golgi tendon organs
detect tension within tendons
43
thecodonty
teeth anchored within bony sockets of the jaws
44
heterodonty
differentiation of teeth in different parts of mouth for functional units
45
diphyodonty
two different sets of dentition
46
the canine deciduous teeth erupt in which order?
canines (3-5w), incisors (4-6w), and then premolars (5-6w)
47
the canine permanent teeth erupt in which order?
incisors and PM1/4 (3-5m), canines (5-7m), premolars and molars (5-6m), and then M3 (6-7m)
48
the feline deciduous teeth erupt in which order?
incisors (3-4w) then premolars (5-6w)
49
the feline permanent teeth erupt in which order?
incisors (3.5-5.5m), premolars (4-5m), then canines and M1 (5-6m)
50
hypsodonty vs brachyodonty
in hypsodonty cementum in ridges with the enamel
51
carnassial teeth
upper P4 and lower M1 enlarged, better for shearing
52
keel
major ossified ventral point of the sternum
53
which muscles control flying in the bird
pectoralis pulls down, supracoracoideus raises
54
choana
opening of the nasal cavity into the oropharynx
55
crop
an enlargement of the esophagus before it enters the thorax, food storage and some partial digestion with crop milk/ amylase
56
proventriculus and ventriculus
two-chambered avian stomach pro is glandular while ventriculus is muscular
57
from proximal to distal, what are the four different regions of the cloaca
coprodeum, urodeum, proctodeum and vent
58
syrinx
avian voice organ at the division to the primary bronchi, where the pessulus cartilage provides support to the division
59
what is different about the ovaries in birds
only the left one normally develops
60
receptor cycling
when saturated, odorant receptors retreat into the cell, takes several minutes to reemerge, when we get used to a smell
61
order of olfactory bulb cell layers
olfactory sensory, periglomerular, tufted, mitral, granule
62
where do fungiform papillae taste buds open
directly into oral cavity
63
how long does it take taste buds to recycle?
10-14 days

ANATG (8 decks)

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