Q26. With reference to the structure and functions of bones and joints

Question 1

Name three (3) of the most common classifications of bones

Answer 1

i. Long bones, short bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones, irregular bones

Question 2

Name the three (3) types of joints in the structural classification of joints.

Answer 2

Synovial joints, fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints

Question 3

List three (3) similarities between the bony structure of the foot and the hand.

Answer 3

i. Proximal part of both consists of short bones – only allow small gliding movements to transmit forces from bones of arm/leg.
ii. Middle part consisting of long bones metatarsals and metacarpals
iii. Each of the lateral 4 digits are composed of 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) while the medial digit (thumb in the hand and the great toe in the foot) consists of 2 phalanges (proximal and distal).

Question 4

List two (2) differences between the bony structure of the foot and hand

Answer 4

i. The 1st Metacarpal bone directs at an angle away from rest of hand, is highly mobile whereas the metatarsal in the foot is relatively immobile, in line with other metatarsals and transmits forces.
ii. In the hand, the phalanges are much longer, while in the foot the phalanges are much shorter

Question 5

Explain how these differences may relate to the functions of the foot OR the hand.

Answer 5

The bones in the hands form long fingers and a mobile opposing thumb to allow for dexterity, gripping and fine movements whereas the foot is adapted to support the weight of the body during locomotion and standing, so its relative inflexibility of its bone structure makes it well suited for this.