Q4: Nutrition

Question 1

It is the assimilation by living organisms of food materials that enable them to grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce.

Answer 1

nutrition

Question 2

Functions of Nutrients

Answer 2

• chemical energy
• organic building
• essential nutrients

Question 3

Types of nutrients

Answer 3

• macronutrients
• micronutrients

Question 4

These are carbon-based compounds that can be metabolically processed into cellular energy through changes in their chemical bonds.

Answer 4

macronutrients

Question 5

These are essential for carrying out bodily functions, but they are required by the body in lesser amounts.

Answer 5

micronutrients

Question 6

Modes of nutrition

Answer 6

• autotrophic
• heterotrophic

Question 7

They sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Also called ‘Self-feeders’ or producers.

Answer 7

autotrophic

Question 8

They are unable to make their own food, thus they live on compounds produced by other organisms. Also called consumers.

Answer 8

heterotrophic

Question 9

The process of taking in food.

Answer 9

ingestion

Question 10

True or False

To survive and reproduce, animals must balance their consumption, storage, and use of food.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Type of feeding habits

Answer 11

• filter feeding
• substrate feeding
• fluid feeding
• bulk feeding

Question 12

Feeding in which strains small organisms or food particles from the surrounding medium, i.e. water.

Answer 12

filter feeding

Question 13

Feeding while living in or on their food source.

Answer 13

susbtrate feeding

Question 14

Feeding by sucking nutrient-rich fluid from a living host.

Answer 14

fluid feeding

Question 15

Feeding by eating relatively large pieces of food.

Answer 15

bulk feeding

Question 16

Stages of food processing

Answer 16

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

Question 17

The act of feeding or eating.

Answer 17

ingestion

Question 18

Breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.

Answer 18

digestion

Question 19

The process in which body/cells take up small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars.

Answer 19

absorption

Question 20

The passing of undigested material out of the digestive system.

Answer 20

elimination

Question 21

Amino acids that cannot be fabricated by the body and must be obtained from food.

Answer 21

essential amino acids

Question 22

How many type of amino acids does adult humans require?

Answer 22

eight (8)

isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

Question 23

True or False

Plants have to obtain organic materials for their nutrition.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Nonpathogenic bacteria (or fungi) that live between cells within the plant itself but do not form deep, intimate associations with the cells or alter their morphology.

Answer 24

endophytes

Question 25

They convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) making it an available nutrient to the host plant which can support and enhance plant growth, through nitrogen fixation.

Answer 25

rhizobacteria

Question 26

Increases the surface area for water uptake and also supplies the plant with phosphate and other minerals absorbed from the soil.

Answer 26

Mycorrhizae

Question 27

secrete growth factors that stimulate roots to row and branch, as well as antibiotics that help protect the plant from soil pathogens.

Answer 27

Mycorrhizae