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RADT 251 - Advanced Imaging Modalities > QM QA QC > Flashcards

QM QA QC Flashcards

1
Q

the attributes of a product or service offering its specific attributes to a degree of excellence

A

definition of quality

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2
Q

evaluation of different processes or tasks that occur in order to perform your job well

A

quality improvement

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3
Q

things that managers need to assure are present in the department, such as qualified technologists

A

quality assurance

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4
Q

the testing of equipment and accessories to ensure that they are working well

A

quality control

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5
Q

what is a quality radiograph?

A

one that posesses sufficient density, adequate penetration, appropriate contrast, defined structural outlines and resolution between tissue opacities

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6
Q

what must be developed to assess if a product or service meets, fails, exceeds standards?

A

standard criteria

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7
Q

an image density of ___ on anatomy of interest is a standard to evaluate density

A

1.0 DU

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8
Q

the extent to which the service provided is expected to meet the standard criteria and achieve the most favorable result

A

degree of quality

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9
Q

accepted standard deviation of density

A

20% or .2 DU above or below

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10
Q

goal of quality management

A

zero defect

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11
Q

zero defect

A

free of any flaws or deficiencies

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12
Q

where do non-technical characteristics prevail

A

determination of quality to customers, communication methods, degree and standard of patient care, cleanliness and design of facility’s environment

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13
Q

in order for a facility to measure quality of services, it must define and understand

A

its purpose, responsibilities, and objectives

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14
Q

how does a facility define and understand purpose, responsibilities, and objectives?

A

defining vision, mission, business values, and guiding principles

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15
Q

mission statements are designed to provide

A

the organization, employees, and customers with a true understanding of the operation and ultimate goal of the organization

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16
Q

the understanding of what resources the business must develop and value to success

A

business values

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17
Q

provide the values and strength for an organization to work during times of change

A

guiding principles

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18
Q

A management responsibility to assess safe and proper performance

A

Quality assurance

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19
Q

In addition to quality control, quality assurance includes:

A

preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, education and training

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20
Q

The development of equipment specifications (list of features) is part of

A

quality assurance

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21
Q

Which of the following persons must be involved in a Quality Management program at an imaging facility?

A

administrative director, medical director, technologists

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22
Q

Quality assurance programs are important, because they enable departments to

A

maintain a minimum of education / training qualifications, reduce unnecessary wastes and associated costs, improve technologists’ performance

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23
Q

Quality Improvement programs include quality assurance, quality control and:

A

evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes

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24
Q

Quality can be defined as

A

attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level

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25
Q

Zero defect refers to which of the following conditions?

A

free of any deficiencies

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26
Q

Which of the following expectations are often expected and not evaluated by customers?

A

technical skill

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27
Q

A mission statement for an organization should identify which of the following?

A

all

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28
Q

One purpose of a quality management team is to

A

encourage and necessitate formal discussions of quality issues

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29
Q

Which of the following are not a part of the quality improvement evaluation process?

A

Direct

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30
Q

When evaluating the services a facility provides, the quality management plan should include

A

service attributes, the technical work, interpersonal skills

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31
Q

A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment’s electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as:

A

preventative maintenance

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32
Q

A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:

A

equipment specifications

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33
Q

The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which of the following?

A

quality improvement

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34
Q

After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed?

A

acceptance testing

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35
Q

The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of which of the following programs?

A

quality assurance

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36
Q

Which of the following would not be considered under quality assurance?

A

work flow productivity measurements

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37
Q

Which of the following is not a benefit of a well organized and implemented quality management program?

A

greater staffing levels

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38
Q

Quality Control can be best defined as

A

A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance

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39
Q

Testing to check mA linearity is a component of which of the following activities?

A

quality control

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40
Q

Which of the following areas of the radiographic imaging chain should be routinely checked to ensure safe and proper operation?

A

cassettes and grids, radiographic processor, the darkroom environment

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41
Q

Dust and dirt in a darkroom can be more easily visualized under which of the following conditions?

A

blacklight

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42
Q

When assessing the operation and integrity of view boxes, an R.T. should evaluate?

A

consistency in color of bulbs, the color and consistency of white plexiglass covers, consistency in illumination between boxes

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43
Q

When measuring the daily sensitivity of film processing which of the following are evaluated?

A

base plus fog, Speed index (MD), Contrast index (HD)

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44
Q

To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which of the following tests?

A

nine penny test

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45
Q

Congruency between the light field and the image receptor should not be more than what percent off?

A

3% of the SID

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46
Q

Reciprocity testing measures:

A

consistency of MAS values

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47
Q

MA linearity testing measures:

A

the doubling effect of mA stations

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48
Q

When testing viewboxes for light intensity, a photometer measures the light emanating from the surface of the viewbox cover. What is the preferred light intensity for radiography?

A

500 candelas (ft-c)

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49
Q

The spinning top test can be used to measure:

A

timer accuracy

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50
Q

If an R.T. does not have the access to a sensitometer, the R.T. could use, which of the following devices to make a reproducible sensitometric image everyday?

A

penetrometer

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51
Q

The CONTRAST index is the difference between the step closest to 2.2 but not over and the step closest to _______ but not under.

A

.45

52
Q

Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke’s tube can be used to measure which of the following aspects of x-ray production?

A

kV accuracy

53
Q

A term used to describe the alignment between two devices, such as grid and tabletop is:

A

congruency

54
Q

When inspecting the integrity of a processing unit, the R.T. must check:

A

integrity of electrical wiring, the gears and solution tank condition, spillage and cleanliness

55
Q

Testing to check kV accuracy must not deviate more than:

A

5%

56
Q

Repeat Image analysis provides information about:

A

understanding of exposure factor standards, an individual’s technical performance, equipment problems

57
Q

A MANAGEMENT responsibility to assess safe and proper performance.

A

Quality Assurance

58
Q

Quality Assurance includes

A

PM
Equipment Specs
Acceptance Testing
Education and Training
Quality Control

59
Q

Development of equipment specs is part of what?

A

Quality Assurance

60
Q

Evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes

A

Quality Improvement

61
Q

attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level

A

Quality

62
Q

Intent/importance of of organizational goal and how it will be reached
degree of commitment
products and services will provide
market products will be delivered
scope of each individual

A

Mission Statement

63
Q

Quality Management Program should consider

A

the technical work
medical care provided
interpersonal relationships
the physical environment
service attributes.

64
Q

A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment’s electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as

A

Preventative Maintenance

65
Q

A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:

A

Equipment Specifications

66
Q

The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which

A

Quality Improvement

67
Q

After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed

A

acceptance testing

68
Q

The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of what program?

A

quality assurance

69
Q

A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance

A

quality control

70
Q

Testing to check mA linearity is a component of what

A

quality control

71
Q

To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which test

A

nine penny

72
Q

Reciprocity testing measures what

A

mAs value consistency

73
Q

mA linearity measures what

A

the doubling effect of mA stations

74
Q

The spinning top test measures what

A

timer accuracy

75
Q

Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke’s tube can be used to measure which aspects of x-ray production?

A

kV accuracy

76
Q

Definition of quality must include

A

-be all- inclusive
-describe every feature or attribute,
-describe any other criteria that it must possess so as not to hinder its ability to possess the level of quality sought and perform the job it was intended to do.

77
Q

This must:
-be stimulating and achievable
-it should define quality as it relates specifically to the facility, its ultimate goal
-instill the importance of this goal and a sense of belonging to the organization, commitment of the organization as well as the expectations of customers and vendors

A

Vision

78
Q

Mission Statement must include

A

-intent of organization
-degree of commitment of org
-products & services offered
-market to which products will be delivered
-scope of each responsible individual

79
Q

What resources the business must develop and value to succeed

A

Business Values

80
Q

Provide values and strength for an organization to work through during times of change- provides security and empowerment

A

Guiding Principles

81
Q

This includes: In-service Education, Preventative Maintenance, Equipment Specifications, Acceptance Testing, Quality Control Testing, & Quality Improvement Initiatives

A

Quality Assurance

82
Q

Thorough inspection and performance testing

A

Type 1 PM

83
Q

Equipment condition and integrity survey

A

Type 2 PM

84
Q

Equipment operation and safety inspection

A

Type 3 PM

85
Q

Stepwedge is also referred to as a

A

Penetrometer

86
Q

Processor Water tested how often

A

quarterly

87
Q

Processor time tested how often

A

monthly

88
Q

darkroom lights tested how often

A

biannually

89
Q

darkroom environment tested how often

A

monthly

90
Q

Image quality repeat assessment tested

A

monthly

91
Q

All imaging equiptment & Radiation protection devices checked

A

annually

92
Q

All accessory equiptment checked

A

biannually

93
Q

hypo retention of 2 ______ _______ is detrimental to the life of the image

A

clearing agents

94
Q

hyporetention is evaluated how often

A

biweekly

95
Q

Standard deviation of densitometer

A

+/- 1%

96
Q

Standard deviation of film design/ stock storage conditions

A

+/- 5%

97
Q

Standard deviation of sensitometer

A

+/-10%

98
Q

Standard deviation of processing conditions

A

+/- 5-10%

99
Q

Standard deviation of film characteristic indexes/ measurements

A

+/- 15% for Radiography
+/-10% for Mammo

100
Q

increased speed index = ______ Density

A

increased

101
Q

decreased speed index = _______ density

A

decreased

102
Q

increased contrast index= ______ contrast and _____ density

A

higher, higher

103
Q

decreased contrast index = ______ contrast and ______ density

A

lower, higher

104
Q

increased gross fog= ______ density

A

increased

105
Q

decreased gross fog= ______ density

A

decreased

106
Q

standard deviation of radiation output, mA timer , reciprocity and linearity

A

+/- 10%

107
Q

standard deviation of kV output & timer accuracy

A

+/-5%

108
Q

mAs reciprocity tests what?

A

the relationship between mA and time at similar mAs values when kV is constant

109
Q

mAs linearity measures what?

A

Linearity is the measure of a generator’s ability to produce sequential increases in radiation output as mAs changes incrementally. As mAs doubles, radiation output should double.

110
Q

Focal spot blooming can cause what image quality?

A

unsharpness

111
Q

What test is done to evaluation focal spot blooming?

A

Pinhole camera or star pattern test

112
Q

lack of hydroquinone will cause what image quality (reducing agent)

A

lack of blackness on image

113
Q

a depletion of sodium carbonate will produce what type of image (activator)

A

underdeveloped/ light image

114
Q

tool used to measure specific gravity

A

hygrometer

115
Q

mammo view boxes are checked how often

A

weekly

116
Q

what does the wire mesh tool test?

A

film screen contact- any spacing or air gaps will cause flux in density

117
Q

Nine penny test can be used to test what 3 things

A

light field congruency, beam alignment perpendicularity and X-ray beam bucky tray alignment

118
Q

Back up time/ max exposure should not exceed

A

500 mAs or 5 seconds

119
Q

Patient thickness and chamber selection testing density range

A

+/-0.2 DU

120
Q

Field size changes (collimation) testing density range

A

+/- 0.1 DU

121
Q

Spinning top test measures what?

A

timer accuracy

122
Q

standard deviation for timer accuracy

A

+/- 5% for times greater than .1sec and +/- 20% for times less than .1sec

123
Q

Light field congruency standard deviation

A

within 2% of SID

124
Q

Beam alignment perpendicularity standard deviation

A

within 1 degree of perpendicular

125
Q

xray beam bucky tray alignment (central ray congruency) standard deviation

A

within 1% of SID

126
Q

SID indicators measured with tape measurer standard deviation

A

+/-2% of SID

RADT 251 - Advanced Imaging Modalities (4 decks)

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