QP - FX Flashcards

Question

When selecting a fabric wall textile for an exit corridor, careful attention should be given to what aspect of the specification? ## Footnote a) any backing added to the already approved fabric selection must be manufacturer-approved b) requirements for maintaining the flame rating do not need to include cleaning materials c) adhesive needs to be appropriately selected according to the wall substrate d) fabric wall systems must include manufacturer-approved acoustical material information

Answer 1

a) any backing added to the already approved fabric selection must be manufacturer-approved ## Footnote If a backing is added to an approved textile during installation, it may make the original [flame spread or other tests required by code] invalid. However, the manufacturer may be able to provide a list of manufacturer approved backing that will not adversely affect the material's fire rating.

Answer 2

c) olefin ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Selection of Materials, Finishes, and Furnishings Tekton is the brand name for Olefin (polypropylene) fibers used in carpeting and carpet backing. It's most well known asa brand of housewrap, which reduces the risk of air and moisture infiltration that could ultimately waste energy or lead to mold. Olefin is inexpensive and is highly resistant to chemicals, mildew, and microorganisms. It is highly resilient and nonabsorbent. Its desirable qualities make it useful for carpeting and carpet backing, but its low resistance to sunlight, heat, and flame makes it undesirable for most upholstery fabric. TEKTON® and all TEKTON products denoted with ® or TM are registered trademarks or trademarks of Avintiv, which is owned by Berry Global.

Answer 3

a) palm wood flooring ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Sustainable Design, Flooring In addition to the commonly used maple, oak, birch and beech there are many wood species, both domestic and imported, that can be used for flooring. Of the many available, two qualify as sustainable products: bamboo and palm wood. Palm wood is harvested as a by-product from plantation grown coconut palms. Palm wood flooring is available in 3⁄4” x 3” (19mm x 76mm) wide strips with tongue and groove edges like those of standard strip flooring. It is harder and more stable than maple, red oak and white oak.

Answer 4

d) wf-8 abacus ## Footnote Source: Oeko-Tex, Overview WF-8 Abacus with 54% Post- Industrial Recycled Polyester, 46% Post-Consumer Recycled Polyester is the most friendly to the environment as it is all recycled content. Of the other choices: - WF-1 Wool Check with 100% wool and Greenguard Certified but doesn’t remove items from the waste stream - WF-2 Blumen has no waste stream attributes, but it is Oeko-Tex Certified - WF-7 Memory is made from Trevira CS polyester, which is a petroleum product and does not remove products from the waste stream. The more recycled content a material has the less raw materials and energy is required to process the raw materials into a final product. Each of the three types of recycled content should be considered: 1. post-consumer materials 2. post-industrial materials 3. recovered materials If a product is labeled as Oeko-Tex Certified it is free from harmful chemicals and safe for human use. To attain Oeko-Tex Standard 100 certification, the fabric has been tested and certified to be free from harmful levels of more than 100 substances known to be harmful to human health.

Answer 5

b) laminated glass ## Footnote Laminated glass should be used in areas where acoustic properties are desired. Laminated glass is actually 2 layers of glass with an inner layer of PVB, and provides superior acoustic privacy.

Answer 6

d) flammability ## Footnote When selecting drapery for commercial, institutional and public residential application, one of the most important considerations is flammability. This takes precedence over other criteria such as durability, fading, resistance and style.

Answer 7

d) cal tb 117-2013 ## Footnote The flammability tests are: Upholstery California Technical Bulletin (Cal TB) 117-2013, Section 1-Pass Drapery NFPA 701 Upholstered walls and fabric wrapped panels ASTM E 84 (unadhered mounting) Direct glue wallcoverings and adhered panels ASTM E 84 (adhered mounting) California Technical Bulletin 133, or CAL 133, was repealed by the State of California in 2019. Underwriters Laboratories or UL testing pertains to fully assembled seating units or panel systems and can only be coordinated by the furniture manufacturer.

Answer 8

c) specify the wood type requested from an FSC source ## Footnote Specifying a wood veneer from an FSC certified source ensures that the wood came from a responsibly forested area. You will be able to provide your client with the aesthetic they want while maintaining ecologically sound sourcing.

Answer 9

c) durability, cost, design ## Footnote Because institutional furniture takes much abuse and must last a long time, its durability is important. Cost is usually an important factor in furniture selection for this type of client.

Answer 10

b) facts is based on NSF/ANSI 336 ## Footnote Source: Association for Contract Textiles, FACTS Sustainability Certification Facts is based on NSF/ANSI 336, specifically written for textiles used in commercial interiors. ANSI, or the American National Standards Institute, is a nonprofit organization that oversees and accredits voluntary consensus-based standards.

Answer 11

b) lamp type ## Footnote The quality of light is just as important as the quantity. Important considerations are glare contrast uniformity color While important, lamp type instead refers to the specific type of light source used rather than the quality of the light itself. ... their explanaition makes no sense

Answer 12

b) noncombustible ## Footnote Noncombustible: material that will not ignite and burn when subject to fire. Fire retardant: slow down or halt the spread of fire Fire resistant: property of material to withstand or resit the spread of fire or give protection from it Flame resistant: ability to withstand flame impingement or give protection from it

Answer 13

c) wf-3 arcade ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 7th Edition, Selection of Materials, Finishes, and Furnishings WF-3 Arcade has Lightfastness of 1,500+ hours. Colorfastness to Light is measured by the Fade-Ometer test/AATCC 16. This test determines the colorfastness under light exposure of textile materials in a laboratory testing device at specific humidity levels. The color change is compared with an unexposed material using the AATCC grayscale or by an instrumental color measurement. For most fabrics, 80 hours of exposure without color loss is considered a minimum rating.

Answer 14

c) applies to all coated fabrics ## Footnote Source: Association for Contract Textiles, ACT Voluntary Performance Guidelines Hydrolysis resistance, also known as the jungle test, refers to the ability of a coated fabric, such as vinyl or faux leather, to withstand extended exposure to heat and humidity. It is only used for polyurethane-coated fabrics because the coating is water-based and may react to warmth or moisture when used for seating.

Answer 15

a, c, d ## Footnote Source: Association for Contract Textiles, FACTS Sustainability Certification One basic element of all ANSI standards is the option to use first-party, second-party, or third-party conformity assessments; however, Facts requires a third-party assessment. A first-party assessment is not independently verified because it is conducted by the same organization that provides the product. A second-party assessment is not considered a completely independent assessment because the certifying organization is either a purchaser or user and has a direct interest in the product. A third-party assessment is conducted by an independent third-party certifier with no relationship to the company providing the product and no user or purchaser interests in that product. In contrast, all ANSI standards allow these three conformance options.

Answer 16

c) channeling ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, Selection Of Materials Finishes And Furnishings, Cushioning and Seaming Welt cording and buttoning create the most hazard, but channeling, with its many deep vertical grooves, provides the most places where a cigarette could lodge and start a fire.

Answer 17

c) post-industrial materials ## Footnote Wood chips and sawdust are the waste products of production, and have not been made into consumer materials or products yet. They are not renewable because both are made from wood and cannot be replenished faster than can be used. Post-consumer materials - product served its intended use, having completed its life as a consumer item Post-industrial material/pre-consumer - raw materials in manufacturing process recovered material - waste or by products that are recovered from solid waste disposal

Answer 18

c) nfpa 257 ## Footnote Source: NFPA, List of NFPA Codes and Standards All of these tests relate to the flammability of fabrics or upholstered furniture except NFPA 257, the Standard for Fire test for window and glass block assemblies. NFPA 257, the fire and hose stream test establishes fire protection, in units of time, for window openings in fire-resistive walls. It determines the degree of protection from the spread of fire, including flame, heat and hot gases.

Answer 19

a) specify low-emitting interior finishes ## Footnote An interior designer has the most control over interior finishes that are specified. An interior designer does not typically specify windows or HVAC systems. The cleaning chemicals used in the space may be determined by the maintenance staff in that building, not the interior designer.

Answer 20

c) eliminate ghgs ## Footnote Eliminate GHGs. GHGs are greenhouse gases. Product specifications that strive to not contribute to greenhouse gases and support the conservation of energy and use of sustainable energy sources provide a direct positive effect on climate change. Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts on people and ecosystems. Limiting climate change requires substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions which, together with adaptation, can limit climate change risks.

Answer 21

Lumens are the amount of light output produced by a lamp or light source; lamp manufacturers rate their lamps in lumens and publish catalogs with this information.

Answer 22

d) incandescent lamp ## Footnote Incandescent lamps are still an inexpensive, compact light source that is easy to dim, can be repeatedly started without a decrease in lamp life, and have a warm color rendition. Their light output can be easily controlled with reflectors and lenses. In many jurisdictions, energy conservation codes may limit their use, so it's important to know which local codes apply.

Answer 23

a) methenamine pill test ## Footnote Source: Codes Guidebook for Interiors, Finish and Furniture Selection 2018 International Building Code, Section 803 Wall and Ceiling Finishes, 2018 International Building Code, Section 804 Interior Floor Finish All carpets manufactured or sold in the United States must pass the methenamine pill test or ASTM D2859 per 2018 IBC 804.4.1. This is the test method required for all carpet flooring materials. The flooring radiant panel test ASTM E648 is used for corridor flooring and certain types of flooring in only a few occupancies, per 2018 IBC 804.4.2. The Steiner tunnel test ASTM E84 is generally used to test wall and ceiling finish materials, as required per 2018 IBC 803.1.2. It can be used to test the flammability of carpet when applied to the ceiling per 2018 IBC 803.6., but it is not the test method required per the building code for flooring applications. The room corner test NFPA 265 is a method of testing material in the corner of a room to simulate real life. It is the standard test required by the codes for napped, tufted, or looped fabrics or carpets used on wall applications, not for flooring or ceiling finishes. See 2018 IBC 803.5 for more information. NFPA 265 is sometimes required in addition to or instead of an ASTM E84 rating textile for interior finishes. This test determines the contribution of interior textile wall and ceiling coverings to room fire growth.

Answer 24

d) recyclability ## Footnote Recyclability is the ability of a previously used material to be used as a resource in the manufacture of a new product. Adaptive reuse is the process of redesigning and converting a building to a use other than that for which it was originally developed. Material recovery is collection and use of diverted waste materials Coproduction is the creation of a new coproduct from materials that would otherwise be considered production waste. These materials are used in manufacture of a new saleable byproduct. Construction and demolition (C&D) materials represent a significant waste stream in the United States generated when new building and civil-engineering structures are built and when existing buildings and civil-engineering structures are renovated or demolished (including deconstruction activities). These various C&D materials can be diverted from disposal and managed into new productive uses: - Concrete - Wood (from buildings) - Asphalt (from roads and roofing shingles) - Gypsum (the main component of drywall) - Metals - Bricks - Glass - Plastics - Salvaged building components (doors, windows, and plumbing fixtures) - Trees, stumps, earth, and rock from clearing sites

Answer 25

b) radiant panel test ## Footnote The Radiant Panel Test, ASTM E648 (NFPA 253), is NOT used to test the flammability of fabrics. This test measures the flame spread of flooring systems, like carpets, in corridors and exits. Radiant heat is applied using a gas-fueled panel inclined at a 30-degree angle over horizontally installed flooring mounted on concrete (just like actual carpeted corridors). This test is designed to simulate thermal radiation levels from an adjacent fire and rate different materials for use in different occupancies. The Steiner Tunnel Test, ASTM E84 (UL 723), is used to evaluate the flame spread of wall finishes. The Smoke Density Test, also called the Smolder Resistance Test, ASTM E662 (NFPA 258), measures the amount of smoke from a flaming or smoldering material for wall finishes.

Answer 26

b) emissions that result when chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen vaporize at temperature ## Footnote Flammability is the likelihood that a material will combust. For most materials flammability is rated in terms of flame spread, smoke developed, and fuel contributed. The most common test developed for flame spread and smoke is the Steiner tunnel test, ASTM E84.

Answer 27

b) additional factors to be added for consideration ## Footnote The criteria matrix allows for an expanded number of factors that can be considered in the pre-design process, such as access, acoustics, lighting, color, and materials.

Answer 28

d) adjacency matrix ## Footnote Before designers can begin to solve a problem, they must understand how the organization is structured. If in an office environment, is there a need for public and private separation? Or in a private medical office with two physicians, is there a shared waiting, reception, and business area? Who needs to communicate in person to whom? These are questions related to adjacency requirements. An adjacency matrix is a useful tool for documenting spatial proximity, related activities, and identifying priorities.

Answer 29

c) environmental design research ## Footnote Environmental design research is also called Evidence Based Design. It provides a scientifically studied view of how the environment affects human behavior and attitudes. The concept of EBD is to use research to help determine how to go about designing an interior or a building. Evidence-based design helps to create better design outcomes. The design process phases bear a direct relationship to research. The bulk of research occurs during the programming (and predesign phase(s) but can be included in any phase of a project. Functional requirements, while usually rational, do not necessarily take into account the effects of a functional design on the users of a space. Gestalt psychology is a theory of perception rather than a study of the environment. Social influences, while an important consideration in design, are so varied that a totally rational approach to making design decisions could not be based on this factor alone.

Answer 30

b) have the client create a list of all the furniture and equipment that they would like to re-use in the new project ## Footnote It is the interior designer's job – not the client's – to make a list of what furniture and equipment will be used in the new project. However this may also be considered an ancillary or additional service for which additional fees are due, according to most standard contracts, see design project phases.

Answer 31

d) the "historical significance" must be taken into account when applying accessibility requirements ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Existing Building Code, Chapter 12 Historic Buildings A historic building undergoing alteration shall be investigated and evaluated. The building must first be accredited as being of historic significance by a state or local authority after careful review of the historical value of the building. If it is intended that the building meet the requirements of this chapter, a written report shall be prepared and filed … and shall identify … where compliance with other chapters of these provisions (such as application of accessibility standards) would be damaging to the contributing historic features. International Existing Building Code (IEBC) 2018 (replaces Chapter 34 of previous IBC editions, including 2015) The key to historic projects is to determine which codes must be met and what approval procedures must be followed. According to the IEBC, when a historic building undergoes a repair, alteration, or change of occupancy, a written report may be required to evaluate the condition of the building as it relates to the current codes. It must also identify historic characteristics that may be damaged or destroyed by bringing the building or space up to current codes. Although the code official can allow alternative solutions or allow aspects of the existing building to remain, any conditions that potentially create a danger to life safety may be required to be modified. Communication with the code department and historic preservation organizations is critical. Some historic organizations have the power to grant alternatives or waivers to code provisions. For example, some jurisdictions may allow safety equivalencies. In addition, many of the codes include alternative requirements that can be used if approved by the code official. It may also be necessary to apply to the appeals or variance boards in special circumstances.

Answer 32

c) laser scanning ## Footnote Laser scanning is used as part of the research process in surveying. Laser scanning uses medium-range, pulsing laser beams, which systematically sweep over an object or space to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of points on the surfaces of the object or space being scanned. The resulting image is a “point cloud” forming a 3D image. From this image plans, elevations, sections and three-dimensional models are developed by computer software. Note that both laser scanning and electronic distance measurement (EDM) are measurement tools, while photogrammetry and orthophotography are technically a form of photographic tool that can be used to generate some measurement data when combined with appropriate software. These photography techniques would not usually be appropriate for an interior space. Exam questions often require you to fully understand the question being asked as well as the difference between answers. While more than one answer may seem correct, you should always strive to choose the best answer for the given question and scenario.

Answer 33

c) the process of studying performance statistics of one firm against another that is considered an industry leader ## Footnote Benchmarking is a process of studying performance statistics of a firm against performance statistics of other firms — especially those producing similar types of projects, and those considered the top of the pyramid in terms of best firms using best practices. Part of benchmarking is the modeling of best practices and behaviors. Best practice can be thought of as ways of organizing and conducting business based on the successful models of top firms.

Answer 34

d) verify that the adjacencies require physical connection, and then review the problem with the client ## Footnote The initial design can help the client clarify the priority of programming adjacencies and, if necessary, modify them so the designer can proceed with good information. If the client wants to see sketches to prove that the required adjacencies cannot be made to work, these are already available from the initial work on the problem, typically these would be bubble (relationship) diagrams.

Answer 35

c) precedent study ## Footnote 1-2, historic precedent learning of the past to help solve current/future problems

Answer 36

c) benchmarking ## Footnote Benchmarking is defined as ‘a strategic management approach that assesses capabilities by comparing the firm’s activities or functions with those of other firms.’ It is a way of determining which is the best company in the industry and then seeing if anything used by that company can be applied to your company. The term best practice is often associated with benchmarking. A best practice is usually well defined and its results well documented. As applied to architecture, benchmarking can uncover ‘a superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an organization, usually recognized as ‘best’ by peer organizations.’ These best-practice processes can be adapted to almost all design firms, regardless of size.

Answer 37

b) design concept ## Footnote All but a design concept are part of a programming report, which focuses on the functional solutions to the design problem and includes: title page introduction executive summary goals and objectives of report summary of space needs space adjacencies code requirements analysis of existing space budget and schedule requirements programming concepts appendices Design concepts are created after all of this information has been gathered and analyzed. A design concept represents the physical solution to functional requirements.

Answer 38

a) laser scanning ## Footnote Laser scanning uses medium-range, pulsing laser beams, which systematically sweep over an object or space to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of points on the surfaces of the object or space being scanned. e resulting image is a “point cloud” forming a 3D image. Electronic distance measurement uses a laser-based instrument with an onboard computer to measure the distance, horizontal, and vertical angles of the instrument’s laser beam to a reflective prism target. Convergent photogrammetry entails using photographs from different angles to create a three-dimensional model. This process takes a long time but is relatively inexpensive. Stereophotogrammetry entails superimposing one photograph of a building over another, creating an image that can easily be converted into a 3-D depiction. This process requires special software and equipment. Rectified photography is a technique for producing scalable images of building façades. Orthophotography is a technique for aggregating digital photographs into a single, three-dimensional image, using sophisticated computer programs.

Answer 39

b) programming ## Footnote It’s quite common to have one organization located on several floors within the same building. In this scenario, a type of vertical bubble diagram, often referred to as a “stacking diagram,” is best used to graphically identify the functions and departments on each floor. The stacking diagram looks at the feasibility of fitting the required number of people and spaces in a proposed building during programming. Multifloor facilities are not necessarily related to the organization’s size; many relatively small organizations are housed in traditional urban townhouses or older, multi-floor small commercial buildings. The functions to be placed on each floor must be determined before the space planning on individual floors is begun. Note that the stacking diagram can be graphically misleading because the bubbles are not a proportional indication of the size of each function; correct proportions cannot be seen without the use of a conventional bubble diagram for each floor. To compensate for this shortcoming, stacking diagrams should include square footage figures. Scope of Basic Interior Design Services — Programming During programming, the designer consults with the owner to develop project requirements, feasibility studies, and how the project will fit within the location and budget constraints.

Answer 40

c) graph ## Footnote This image demonstrates a useful and simple analytical tool for the monitoring process. Start and completion dates for the project phases are presented and incorporated into the associated graph. In this case, the project status at the end of July 2012 indicates the project's progress ahead of both the Contract and Spent amounts.

Answer 41

d) test fit plan ## Footnote A test fit plan generally shows most of the furniture and equipment and is drawn to scale. This gives designers and students an opportunity to see if the actual spaces will “fit” into the proposed building space. The test fit plan is part of the overall space-planning process as it addresses the physical and functional aspects of a project and will allow the designers to coordinate corridors and adjacencies.

Answer 42

d) adjacency matrices, bubble diagrams, block diagrams ## Footnote During the schematic design and design development process, drawings can take many forms, depending on the amount of design thinking done and the client's specific requirements. Adjacency matrices for functional data analysis would be completed before conceptual bubble diagrams. After adjacencies have been analyzed and bubble diagrams have been produced, design drawings may progress from rough block diagrams to design development drawings to final construction drawings. Parti diagrams, prototype sketches, and test fit diagrams may also be used but would come before block diagrams. The key to differentiating these is to clarify the diagram's purpose in the question scenario given. Is it for planning and organization of information collected during research? Or is it the synthesis of information developed into design concepts or solutions? Once you are clear of the diagram's purpose, you should be able to choose the best from the answer choices given.

Answer 43

b) materials, finishes and accessories ## Footnote While the designer must also communicate decisions about the finishes and furnishings, this is most effectively done with sample boards showing exact samples of the materials proposed for use.

Answer 44

d) stacking plan ## Footnote If a project involves more than one floor of a building, a stacking plan or stacking diagram will need to be developed. As with bubble and blocking diagrams, to visualize spatial relationships in a horizontal plan, a stacking plan investigates spatial relationships in a vertical manner.

Answer 45

a) blocking diagram ## Footnote Building code information for developing space planning options should be available in the simple form of a preliminary code checklist. This checklist only needs to contain the code requirements that affect the overall planning of the space, such as whether one or two means of egress are required. The following information should be available to the designer before space planning begins: occupancy group(s) requirements for special occupancies the gross area of the space occupant loads(s) requirements for the common path of egress travel number of required exits The project may or may not reuse existing furniture. Block diagrams will be developed during the space planning process as part of the schematic design phase, so it is impossible to have them before the process begins.

Answer 46

d) parti diagram ## Footnote parti diagram will convey the basic concept or theme of the design. Parti diagrams communicate the organizing idea behind the project, such as a concept based on geometry and organized in a curvilinear or angular layout. They use graphic images to represent abstraction in a more direct visual manner to provide the main organization concepts of the theme.

Answer 47

a) Spaces requiring plumbing, largest spaces, general circulation, public spaces, then other room allocations ## Footnote Spaces requiring plumbing. The locations of these areas are the least flexible since they are usually bound by code constraints. They should be placed first. Large rooms or areas. These will fit in only a limited number of locations; these should be next. General circulation. These spaces should be addressed after since they can be deceptively space consuming. They are also required for access to those rooms or areas that have already been distributed. The remaining space can now be allocated. First the public spaces which should be as near as possible to entrances/exits, then to any remaining rooms or areas.

Answer 48

a) bubble diagrams ## Footnote A designer often explores a number of alternative arrangements with bubble diagrams. Bubble diagrams can be used for exploring functional relationships in programming and/or for conceptual space planning. The key is to understand what is the purpose or outcome behind the diagram. Bubble diagrams are drawn in a conceptual manner without limitations of the building geometrics in order to explore ideal space adjacencies. Diagrams drawn within the limitations of the building become block plans. Generally, a minimum of two to three bubble diagram schemes will provide the designer with a good idea of the most preferred arrangement, after comparing all schemes for strengths and weaknesses. Refer to the Qpractice lesson Conceptual, Analysis, and Planning Tools & Diagrams for a description of parti diagrams.

Answer 49

c) none of these

Answer 50

c) parti ## Footnote A parti is usually a sketch, diagram, drawing, doodle, or some other graphic that represents the direction, concept, or theme of a design. It can be very rough; the proverbial back of a napkin sketch. A prototype sketch is more similar to a test fit, or simplified version of the concept, drawn to scale to see if the planned arrangement of spaces and furniture work within the building constraints

Answer 51

b) as-built drawings ## Footnote As-built drawings show what was actually built, which often is different from the construction drawings. A set of as-built drawings is retained by the design firm and given to the client.

Answer 52

c) rhombus

Answer 53

b) 3/4 in ## Footnote The majority of a cabinet is built with 3⁄4 in panels including the bottom, sides, and top bracing. The back is typically 1⁄4 in, but this was not one of the options.

Answer 54

b) Rift Sliced ## Footnote Rift slicing is accomplished by quartering a log and cutting it at 15 degree angle to the growth rings. Like quarter slicing, it results in a straight-grained pattern and is commonly used with oak to eliminate the appearance of markings perpendicular to the direction of the grain. Rift Sawn and Plain Sawn are types of solid stock lumber cutting, not a veneer as indicated in the question. Rotary Slicing produces a very pronounced grain pattern that is often undesirable for fine-quality wood finishes, although it does produce the most veneer with the least waste.

Answer 55

a) flush construction ## Footnote In flush construction the face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame. Extra care and expense are required to fit and align the doors and drawers within the frame. In many cases, the doors and drawers may sag, resulting in non-uniform spacing between fronts and causing some doors and drawers to “stick” in the frame. This problem is worsened by humidity causing the continual swelling and shrinking of the wood.

Answer 56

b) Use a combination of lines, symbols, and elevations on a finish plan ## Footnote The best way to designate the finishes is to use a finish plan with lines/symbols designating the finish for each wall along with dimensioned elevations for all wall areas receiving more than one finish clearly showing the starting and ending point for each finish.

Answer 57

a) thick long dash, 2 thick short dash, thick long dash, 2 thick short dash, thick long dash

Answer 58

a) window treatment hardware ## Footnote Schedules show information in tabular format with rows and columns of data. They are used because they are a very efficient way to communicate a large amount of complex information in a small space. Common schedules for interior design construction drawings include room finish, door, kitchen equipment, and millwork hardware. Window treatment hardware is NOT part of construction, while millwork hardware is.

Answer 59

d) all of the above ## Footnote Schedules show information in tabular format with rows and columns of data. They are used because they are a very efficient way to communicate a large amount of complex information in a small space. Common schedules for interior design construction drawings include room finish, door, kitchen equipment, millwork, and hardware schedules.

Answer 60

c) Vertical Section ## Footnote A properly placed vertical section will show the various depths of the facade which can be dimensioned as needed.

Answer 61

b) 1 pattern flipped back and forth

Answer 62

c) mechanical demolition plan ## Footnote ductwork is being demolished

Answer 63

d) scaling ## Footnote Scaling makes it possible to represent a very large object on a piece of paper of limited size while showing accurate proportion and the true relationships between objects of different sizes

Answer 64

D) Both A and C ## Footnote Furniture plans show the location of each piece of furniture – both new, reused, fixed, and loose, with a corresponding code number that identifies each piece. A furniture plan can be included in the construction drawing package and can be essential for coordination. However, the furniture plan itself should be a separate drawing and not be combined on the same page as interior construction, as it can cause confusion.

Answer 65

c) A graphic indication showing which lights and outlets are connects to a particular circuit breaker in an electrical panel box ## Footnote If a cable is continuously from the electrical panel to the device, without any intermediate connections, it is considered a home run. A home run is drawn by the electrical engineer and used on their drawings. It is a graphic indication (using an arrowhead and the number of the circuits) that the line on the drawing connecting lights or outlets is connected to a particular circuit breaker in a particular electrical panel box.

Answer 66

d) furniture ## Footnote The furniture plan is sometimes aligned with the electrical and power/communication plans because the exact location of many of these outlets is directly related to the location and orientation of the furniture.

Answer 67

d) demolition plan

Answer 68

a) rectangle with an angle line ## Footnote a rectangular fixture with a single diagonal line through it, represents a recessed fluorescent fixture on a lighting plan. A return air diffuser is most commonly found on a mechanical plan and are typically 24” x 24”.

Answer 69

b) 1-1/2” ## Footnote 1/8″ is a common scale for a floor plan which would be too large for a soffit detail. 3/16″ and 3/32″ should never be used because they are too close in size to 1/8” and 1/4″ scales. 1-1/2″ is a typical sized used for standard details.

Answer 70

a) ISO, ANSI, Architectural ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Measurement and Drafting, Drafting of Construction Drawings For either manual drafting or CAD, standard sheet sizes are used in the interior design, architectural and engineering industries. These standard sizes are based on one of three systems: Architectural American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Answer 71

c) book matching ## Footnote Matching adjacent veneer leaves may be done in three ways. The most common method is book matching in which the veneers are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves form a symmetrical grain pattern.

Answer 72

a) schedules ## Footnote Schedules are a very efficient way to communicate a large amount of complex information in a relatively small space.

Answer 73

b) middle of door A to middle of door B ## Footnote Think of it like this — If you were to measure jamb to jamb, the distance would be shorter. But remember, the code is dealing with MINIMUM distances. The whole point of minimum requirements for distance between exits is to make sure exits are “far enough apart so that a fire or other emergency would not block both exits.” When measuring distances for egress, think about a physical person actually using the egress system. For instance, a person running down a hallway to get to an exit access doorway would be running down the center of the hallway. They would need to make it all the way to the center of the door to be able to get through the opening.

Answer 74

d) 80 ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS The key to this question is recognizing that the wall sconce is in a corridor, not over a counter, table, or other work surface, so it projects into the path of travel. 1003.3.3 Horizontal projections. Objects with leading edges more than 27 inches (685 mm) and not more than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finished floor shall not project horizontally more than 4 inches (102 mm) into the circulation path.

Answer 75

a) all exposed hot water pipes and drains MUST be insulated or otherwise protect wheelchair users from burns on legs ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 606.6 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Water supply and drainpipes under lavatories and sinks shall be insulated or otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under lavatories and sinks.

Answer 76

d) 32 clear width ## Footnote The required capacity of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm).

Answer 77

a) 42" (1065 mm) long ## Footnote Fixed side-wall grab bar shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum, located 12 inches (305 mm) maximum from the rear wall and extending 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum from the rear wall. Refer to FIG 604.5.1 SIDE WALL GRAB BAR FOR WATER CLOSET

Answer 78

c) 34" (865 mm) ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 606.3 Height. The front of lavatories and sinks shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the floor, measured to the higher of the rim or counter surface.

Answer 79

c) 44" (1100 mm) ## Footnote Per TABLE 1020.2 MINIMUM CORRIDOR WIDTH, any facility not listed in the table shall have corridor width of 44 inches minimum.

Answer 80

a) 27"(685 mm)H x 30"(760 mm)W x 17"(430 mm)D ## Footnote Refer to FIG. 306.3 KNEE CLEARANCE

Answer 81

d) 60" (1500 mm) along the rear wall and 56" (1420 mm) along the side wall ## Footnote Please review FIG 604.3 SIZE OF CLEARANCE FOR WATER CLOSET See also 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design 604.3.1 Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the side wall and 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the rear wall.

Answer 82

a) 15" (380 mm) - 48" (1220 mm) ## Footnote 308 Reach Ranges For the range of side reach, see 308.3. The reach will depend upon whether there is clear unobstructed floor space and ranges from 15 (380) to 48 (1220).

Answer 83

d) 36" x 48" (900 mm x 1200 mm) ## Footnote The code specifies various requirements for clearances depending upon the type of shower – transfer, standard roll-in, alternate roll-in, or tub-shower. Refer to Sections 607 and 608.

Answer 84

a) 2 ## Footnote 608.3 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with 609 and shall be provided in accordance with 608.3. Where multiple grab bars are used, required horizontal grab bars shall be installed at the same height above the finish floor.

Answer 85

d) fire damper ## Footnote Fire Dampers are used to restrict and PREVENT the spread of fire AND smoke. Smoke Dampers are used to RESIST the passage of smoke and air. In a passive control system, smoke dampers close in the presence of smoke to prevent it from circulating through a ventilation opening, transfer or duct, while in an engineered control system, smoke dampers help pressurize the areas around the fire, using floors and walls as barriers. Dynamic fire dampers close when airflow velocity and pressure increases a certain amount, whereas static fire dampers work with HVAC systems designed to shut down automatically in a fire.

Answer 86

d) compartmentation ## Footnote Compartmentation is a critical concept in fire and life safety that works as part of the passive fire protection system (as opposed to fire detection or fire suppression) by using assemblies that resist the spread of fire or smoke. These assemblies include fire walls, fire barriers and partitions, horizontal assemblies, smoke barriers and partitions, opening protectives, and through-penetration protectives. The basic idea is to contain a fire and limit its spread, to allow building occupants to escape and to protect other parts of the build that are not initially subject to the fire. In a high-rise building, where it may not be practical to evacuate the building immediately, compartmentation can provide areas of refuge where occupants can wait until the fire is extinguished or until they can exit safely. Compartmentation also provides time for fire suppression by automatic sprinklers or by fire fighting personnel.

Answer 87

d) 35’ 4” ## Footnote We can determine this distance by taking the longest diagonal distance in the space and dividing it by 3. You divide the number by 3 because it is a sprinkled building, you would divide it by 2 if it was non sprinkled. This number tells you that the doors can be no closer together than this dimension. Exit Remoteness When two or more exits are required, the code requires that at least two of the exits be remote enough from one another so that both cannot easily be blocked by one fire. This is often referred to as the half‐diagonal rule because typically the distance between two exits must be at least 1/2 (one‐half) of the longest diagonal distance within the building or the building area the exits are serving. However, if the entire building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, most of the codes allow the minimum distance to be 1/3 (a third) of the diagonal distance. So, the distance can be reduced.

Answer 88

b) inclusive design addresses the needs of the broadest range of individuals ## Footnote niversal design can be defined as an approach to the design of all products and environments to be as usable as possible by as many people as possible regardless of age, ability or situation [and that] results in better design and avoids the stigmatizing quality of accessible features that have been added on late in the design process or after it is complete. Universal design (also called inclusive design) needs to be incorporated into a building’s program from the beginning.

Answer 89

c) 3 ## Footnote The occupant load of the space determines the number of exits required from a space. The occupant load is the number of people a building code assumes will occupy a given building or portion of a building. It is based on the occupancy classification and occupancy load factor (amount of floor occupied by one person) of that classification. For a ballroom (assembly with tables and chairs), the occupancy load factor is 15 net. Taking the square footage of the ballroom (7,725sf2) and dividing it by the occupancy load factor will calculate the occupancy load of the space (515 occupants). For an assembly space, any occupant load over 49 requires 2 exits. However, three exits are required for any space when the occupant load is between 501 and 1000 occupants. Per IBC 2018 1006.2.1.1 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Three exits, or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load greater than 1000.

Answer 90

a) must have a minimum clear opening width of 36 in (915 mm) when opened at 90 degrees ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 404.2 Manual Doors A door must have a minimum clear opening width of 32 in (815 mm) when opened at 90 degrees. Note that the clear opening is not the same as the width of the door. Door thickness, door stop, and also hardware project into the clear opening width, reducing a 36″ door to a 32″ clear width at the opening. Refer to 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, Section 404.2.2 Clear Width

Answer 91

a) 39 inches (990 mm) - 41 inches (1040 mm) AFF ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 604.5.1 Fixed Side Wall Grab Bars. ….with the bottom of the bar located 39 inches (990 mm) minimum and 41 inches (1040 mm) maximum above the floor, Refer to FIG 604.5.1 SIDE WALL GRAB BAR FOR WATER CLOSET

Answer 92

d) 18" (455mm) long ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 604.5.1 Fixed Side Wall Grab Bars …In addition, a vertical grab bar 18 inches (455 mm) minimum in length shall be mounted with the bottom of the bar located 39 inches (990 mm) and 41 inches (1040 mm) maximum above the floor… Refer to FIG 604.5.1 SIDE WALL GRAB BAR FOR WATER CLOSET

Answer 93

c) 1 footcandle ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, Chapter 10 Means of Egress IBC 1008.3.5 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded. in Group I-2 occupancies, failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level to less than 0.2 footcandle (2.2 lux).

Answer 94

d) a ramp must have a minimum clear width of 42” (1065 mm) ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 405 Ramps A ramp must have a minimum clear width of 36″ (915 mm) and landings at least as wide as the widest ramp leading to them. Refer to 405.5 Clear Width and 405.7.2 Width

Answer 95

d) Buildings with an automatic sprinkler system connected to an alarm system do not need automatic heat detectors. ## Footnote Source: Winkel, F.D.K.C.S. R. (2018). Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to Understanding the 2018 International Building Code., Fire Protection Systems, Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Fire alarms are audible and visual devices to alert occupants and responders of emergencies. Detectors are automatic devices that usually sound an audible and visual alarm to alert occupants and also trigger other responses in systems such as sprinklers, smoke-control systems, or HVAC controls. Systems to notify building occupants of an emergency can be either manually or automatically actuated. The code requires differing types of alarms or detectors, and different levels of actuation in various occupancies and types of buildings. When buildings are sprinklered and the sprinklers connected to the alarm system, automatic heat detection is not required. Sprinklers are heat-actuated and thus are a type of heat detector themselves. Fire detectors are to be smoke detectors as well, except in areas like boiler rooms where products of combustion would tend to set off smoke detectors. In those rooms alternative types of fire detectors may be used. Alarms are to be per NFPA 72. The code offers trade-offs between manual alarms and automatic detection systems under certain conditions. There are instances where having manual alarms may result in a large number of false alarms, so providing automatic detection may be a desirable alternative.

Answer 96

a) 34" (850 mm) AFF ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 902.4 Height 902.4 Height. The tops of dining surfaces and work surfaces shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 34 inches (865 mm) maximum in height above the floor. Note that if the counter is determined to be a service counter, not a work surface, 36 inches (915 mm) maximum in height above the floor shall be permitted

Answer 97

b) 16" (405 mm) - 18" (455 mm) ## Footnote 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design 604.2 Location. The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partition to the rear and to one side. The centerline of the water closet shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum to 18 inches (455 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible toilet compartment specified in 604.8.2. Water closets shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand approach.

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