QP - PX Flashcards

Question

The design firm has prepared the schematic design to renovate a substantial portion of a corporate office. The first budget estimate for the facility redesign has come in below the client’s anticipated budget. As a result of having monies available for a program change, a conflict arises among the client’s stakeholders. The president of the corporation desires a change of project scope in the executive area, and the marketing department desires an expansion of its demonstration area to become more competitive. The designer has determined that the corporation's needs will be best served by following the desires of the marketing department. What should the first actions they take in this matter? ## Footnote a) Find other alternatives to which the extra monies may be allocated. b) Take on the role of a facilitator in order to attempt to resolve the conflict among the stakeholders. c) Suggest that the client hire a conflict resolution professional to resolve the dispute among the decision-makers. d) Insist that the schematic design proposal be implemented as is, and additional monies are put toward better furnishings.

Answer 1

b) Take on the role of a facilitator in order to attempt to resolve the conflict among the stakeholders. ## Footnote The designer should attempt to facilitate decisions that align with the best outcome for the client. Their job is to explain WHY the proposed design solves the client's needs, wants, and benefits for the corporation's future operations. The client has hired the designer for their expertise in planning, thus referring the decision to a third party, especially one who is not a design professional, is not appropriate.

Answer 2

b) performance specifications ## Footnote Performance Specifications tell what results the final construction assembly must achieve, but they give the contractor some choice in how they will be achieved. With bidding, the contractor should have as much choice as possible so he or she can find the lowest price within the context of the specification requirements. The type of specification selected depends on several factors. Public projects usually require open specifications to encourage competitive bidding.

Answer 3

b) a local contractor who builds projects of a similar type ## Footnote Cost books are dated by the time they are published. A database is not the best choice because it does not account for current variations in prices or the unique nature of a particular job. Given the choice between other interior designers or architects and contractors, the contractors are most likely to be the best source of construction cost data.

Answer 4

a) errors and omissions insurance ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 7th Edition, Interior Design Business Practices, Interior Designer’s Insurance Professional liability insurance protects the designer in case some action by the designer causes bodily injury or property damage. Any business that provides professional services should consider professional liability insurance. Sometimes called malpractice insurance or errors and omissions insurance, this coverage responds to problems resulting from things such as incorrect specifications, mistakes on drawings, and incorrect installation of furniture. General liability insurance protects your business from the most common lawsuits brought by people outside your company. Many business owners are required to carry this policy. It covers lawsuits brought by third parties who claim your business caused them bodily harm, property damage, or other personal injuries. General liability can cover lawsuits concerning a scenario such as a slip-and-fall accident at your office. General liability insurance includes a range of insurance to protect against claims of property damage, liability, and personal injury caused by the designer or employees, consultants, or other people hired by the designer. It may also include product liability insurance, which provides protection in case a product or an installation completed by the designer or a subcontractor does some injury to the client after the designer or subcontractor gives up possession of the product. Sometimes the designer will also buy insurance to cover the possibility that contractors or subcontractors do not have their own valid insurance. Errors and omissions insurance (E&O), sometimes called professional liability insurance, covers lawsuits brought by third parties (anyone who isn’t an employee) who claim you were negligent in your professional duties. Errors and omissions and general liability insurance each protects you from third-party lawsuits. The difference is what triggers the policy. E&O insurance covers: Work errors and oversights Undelivered services Incomplete work Missed deadlines Budget overruns Breach of contract Accusations of negligence

Answer 5

c) Interiors Family ## Footnote Source: AIA Contract Documents, List of all current AIA Contract Documents AIA Contract Documents are organized into Families and Series. Series describes how the document is used and between which parties, while Families describe the types of projects. AIA Contract Documents are grouped into nine families by project type or delivery method: Conventional (A201 / Design-bid-build) Construction Manager as Adviser (CMa) Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc) Design‐Build Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Interiors International Program Management Small Projects Digital Practice Contract Administration and Project Management AIA Contract Documents are divided into six alphanumeric series by document use or purpose: A Series: Owner/Contractor agreements B Series: Owner/Architect agreements C Series: Other agreements D Series: Miscellaneous documents E Series: Exhibits G Series: Contract Administration and Project Management Forms

Answer 6

d) all of these are used to calculate the billing rate ## Footnote While there are many methods available for charging clients, the most common method is to charge an hourly rate for the people working on the project. This hourly rate is known as the billing rate. Billing rates are determined based on the amount of money an employee is paid (salary rate) plus the costs of the employee’s fringe benefits, plus the cost of office overhead, plus an allowance for profit.

Answer 7

d) agency ## Footnote The legal concept of agency is that one person, the “agent” acts on behalf of another, the “principal” in dealings with another “third party”. In interior design, the agent is the interior designer, the principal, the owner or client and the third party is the contractor or vendor.

Answer 8

b) commercial general liability and professional liability insurance ## Footnote Source: AIA Document B152-2019, Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Interior Design and Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) Design Services, Article 2 Architect's Responsibilities According to the B152-2019, Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Interior Design and Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) Design Services, the Architect (or Designer) is required to carry: Commercial General Liability Automobile Liability Workers’ Compensation Employer’s Liability Professional Liability Of all the answer choices, only “commercial general liability and professional liability insurance” contains any of the required coverages.

Answer 9

a) the interior designer ## Footnote The interior designer is responsible. While a designer can not avoid total liability for errors and omissions, they can limit exposure through quality control and documentation, of all elements and decisions of a project. Requesting a cutting for approval would have allowed the designer to catch this error before the fabric order is cut. Interior designers can be held responsible for errors or omissions in work performed or advice given to a client. Often called errors and omissions coverage (E&O), this is a type of professional liability insurance that provides protection should the interior designer or his or her employees make a mistake, which would be an error; or forget or not do something that was required, which is considered an omission. Another example of an error is specifying a non-code-compliant material as a wall covering in the corridors of a hotel. One example of an omission is forgetting to include smoke detectors in a remodeling of a residence.

Answer 10

d) the construction allowance and the detailed explanation of what is included as well as the parameters under which the work is to be performed ## Footnote The tenant work letter is an important part of any commercial lease. The letter serves as an agreement between the landlord and tenant that details the initial tenant improvements (TI) to be built. The two critical areas of the tenant work letter are the construction allowance and a detailed explanation of what is included, who is responsible and the conditions under which the work will be performed.

Answer 11

d) a local business license and corporate identification number ## Footnote Most local jurisdictions require every business, including professional services, to have a license. This allows the business to practice and usually serves as a basis for taxation. Most states require that interior design firms selling goods obtain a sales tax license, sometimes called a resale license or certificate or transaction privilege tax license. This type of license allows the designer to pass on the state sales tax to the client. The design business must remit the tax monthly along with standard reporting forms. Corporations are entities formed within the state where they practice and are required to be registered with the state. Corporations have corporate identification numbers issued by a state agency, typically the secretary of state’s office.

Answer 12

c) all labor of technical staff, principals, and support staff that is directly chargeable to projects

Answer 13

a) is the most expensive business structure to set up. ## Footnote Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, 3rd Edition ePDF, Business Formations, Corporations Setting up a corporation is the most time-consuming and expensive method of legally forming a business.

Answer 14

c) Begin to study ways to reduce the project scope so it meets the budget. ## Footnote Because bond money is a fixed amount, the budget must be met. Rebidding takes additional time and does not guarantee that the new bids will be any better; in fact, they may be higher because prices will probably increase in the time it takes to rebid. The designer may want to wait for direction from the city, but the project must go forward. The amounts of the bids are so close to the budget that it is likely that costs could be reduced by 4% with some adjustments in the scope of the project.

Answer 15

a) area fee ## Footnote Area fee: professional fees based on the area method are determined by multiplying the square footage of a project by some fixed rate. This method is generally used only in commercial construction and then only for project types with which the interior designer has much experience. Tenant finish planning is often priced on a square-foot basis because a designer will know what it takes to do the job and because tenants, building owners, and leasing agents do most of their negotiations on a square foot basis.

Answer 16

d) the designer maintains an inventory ## Footnote In the cash accounting method, revenue and expenses are recognized in the period in which the firm actually receives the cash or actually pays the bills. Cash accounting is a single-entry system. It is a lot like personal budgeting and records, and can be used by single person or small firms. Revenue is recognized only when the design firm receives the check from a client in payment for an invoice. However, it cannot be used by a corporation or if the business maintains an inventory, as would be the case in a retail store.

Answer 17

c) Labor and Materials Payment Bond ## Footnote Without having a Labor and Materials Payment Bond, the owner could risk liens against the building if the contractor defaults. Liens can prevent the sale of a property until they are paid. Bid Security and Performance Bonds would not protect against liens. A Bid Bond is a form of Bid Security. Although a performance bond ensures the completion of the contract, it does not guarantee payment for labor and materials by a defaulting contractor. The result of nonpayment could be liens against the property or litigation by subcontractors and material suppliers.”

Answer 18

b) an allowance ## Footnote An allowance is a set amount of money estimated by the interior designer to cover a particular material or piece of equipment when the cost for that material or equipment cannot be determined precisely at the time of the bid or negotiated proposal. For bidding, an allowance provides a way to allocate some amount of money for an item in the bid, even if the exact quantity or quality of the item is not known.

Answer 19

d) Ask the client if he has a budget, and suggest conducting a preliminary cost estimate to see if he can afford what he wants. ## Footnote In a case like this, a client is not as likely to have a good grasp of the costs required for remodeling and may not have enough of a budget to do the job as he wants to. This is the most important consideration and takes precedence over all other factors.

Answer 20

a) ASHRAE ## Footnote ASHRAE determines sound levels for mechanical systems in buildings. (american society of heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers) ansi - clearances etc osha - safety on job sites astm - testing materials

Answer 21

b) licensed contractor ## Footnote The formal permitting process begins after the interior designer has completed the drawings and specifications. Those are given to the contractor, who has been selected through a bidding process or through negotiations. In most situations, the application for a building permit is made by the general contractor. The contractor is the person typically responsible for submitting the plans and specifications to the building department, along with the application for a permit.

Answer 22

c) application for permit ## Footnote Permit process: 1. permit applications - submite construciton documents as required to local jurisdiction 2. plan review - construction documents reviewed by code official, may require revisions or appeal for approval 3. permit - permits granted to allow costruction to begin

Answer 23

b) Building permits ## Footnote Hard costs are the costs of material and labor that go in the physical construction of real estate. These are sometimes referred to as “brick-and-mortar costs”. MEP work including electrical and HVAC is physical part of the construction process and is considered a hard cost. Finishes including flooring, and Drywall are physical parts of the construction process and are considered hard costs. FF&E is a hard cost, though not typically under the construction contract, FF&E is a physical cost of the project. Permits are soft costs associated with general and administrative costs of the project. Soft costs are typically fees associated with the project and are not physical costs, for example inspection fees, permits, taxes, and insurance. Soft costs can range from 15-40% of the project cost.

Answer 24

a) Storage rooms 100 sq ft and greater (9.3 m2) adjoining a corridor ## Footnote There is no longer a requirement for storage rooms to be fire-rated in 2018 IBC. If located as such, a storage room would require a fire-resistance rated partition for the wall adjoining the corridor. 1020.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1020.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for fire partitions. Refer to the table 1020.1, this depends upon occupant load and sprinkler system.

Answer 25

b) Furniture Sustainability Standard ## Footnote Source: 9425, D.K.B.F.N. N. (2018). Interior Design Reference Manual: Everything You Need to Know to Pass the NCIDQ Exam., Sustainable Design, Product Certification, BIFMA International BIFMA has also developed standard BIFMA e3, Furniture Sustainability Standard. This standard establishes criteria in four areas: energy and atmosphere human and ecosystem health materials corporate social responsibility Based on a point system by an accredited third party certifier (e.g., NSF International or Scientific Certification Systems), a product can achieve a level rating of 1, 2, or 3.

Answer 26

d) all of these ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, 1016.2 Egress through intervening spaces. According to IBC 1016.2, Egress is not permitted through intervening spaces, and per Exception #5, not through kitchens, storage rooms, closets, or spaces used for similar purposes. Refer to the code for other exceptions you may encounter on the exam, including dwelling unit kitchens and conditions as applied to mercantile stockrooms.

Answer 27

a) toilet water usage. ## Footnote The use of fresh water supplies by toilets should be the primary focus for water conservation in the home.

Answer 28

a) catering kitchen at a banquet facility ## Footnote 1016.2 Egress through intervening spaces. Egress through intervening spaces shall comply with this section. 1. Exit access through an enclosed elevator lobby is permitted. Access to not less than one of the required exits shall be provided without travel through the enclosed elevator lobbies required by Section 3006. Where the path of exit access travel passes through an enclosed elevator lobby, the level of protection required for the enclosed elevator lobby is not required to be extended to the exit unless direct access to an exit is required by other sections of this code. 2. Egress from a room or space shall not pass through adjoining or intervening rooms or areas, except where such adjoining rooms or areas and the area served are accessory to one or the other, are not a Group H occupancy and provide a discernible path of egress travel to an exit. Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited through adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces in a Group H, S or F occupancy where the adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces are the same or a lesser hazard occupancy group. 3. An exit access shall not pass through a room that can be locked to prevent egress. 4. Means of egress from dwelling units or sleeping areas shall not lead through other sleeping areas, toilet rooms or bathrooms. 5. Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms, closets or spaces used for similar purposes. See code for further exceptions. We've had some great discussion in the study group about this item. “When designing retail spaces depending on local code we are able to have an egress through the stock room as long as there is a delineated path that meets the required width for egress. There are also some codes that even allow shelving on the walls above certain heights. Other times we have been required to have a partial height or full height wall separating stock and egress.” Micheala Harris, NCIDQ Qpractice Team and retail designer “When I started my career, a fire marshal was kind enough to explain this to me: Yes, you can do emergency egress thru a stock room, as long as, and Micheala explained this, there is a delineated path and you provide all other width and head clearances… A kitchen is NOT a safe egress path. Why? Hot surfaces, open flames, heat, slippery floors, items on counters that if knocked will make the floor even more slippery. There is too much risk.”

Answer 29

b) a 75 sq ft (7.5 m2) storage room ## Footnote There is no longer a requirement for storage rooms to be fire rated in 2018 IBC. 1020.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1020.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for fire partitions. Refer to the table 1020.1, this depends upon occupant load and sprinkler system.

Answer 30

c) Red ## Footnote Source: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, 1910.44 General Environmental Controls, Safety color code for marking physical hazards. Life safety equipment must be red, including pull stations, alarm boxes, and most portable fire extinguishers. Red is universally recognized for identifying the most serious hazards, as well as fire hazards and fire equipment. Orange identifies dangerous machines or equipment that may crush, cut, shock, or injure workers, such as electrical hazards or a construction area. Yellow is a color for communicating hazards that may lead to worker injuries if not avoided, such as caution signs on a wet floor. Green is reserved for general safety signs, which offer safety-related messages that don’t touch on specific workplace hazards, such as pointing out a first aid kit. OSHA and Safety Colors OSHA outlines requirements for safety colors in its standard for safety color codes (29 CFR 1910.144). Red must be used for fire-related hazards and emergency stop switches, bars, and buttons on hazardous machines. Fire-related hazards include identifying fire protection equipment and containers of flammable liquids. The interior designer should be aware of what these colors mean and consider whether these colors are visible as appropriate within the designed environment.

Answer 31

a) 48” raised platform at local theater ## Footnote Guards would not be required according to IBC 2018 1015.2, Exception 2. 1015.2 Where required. Guards shall be located along open-sided walking surfaces, including mezzanines, equipment platforms, aisles, stairs, ramps and landings that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm) measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point within 36 inches(914mm) horizontally to the edge of the open side. Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.8. Exception: Guards are not required for the following locations: 1. On the loading side of loading docks or piers. 2. On the audience side of stages and raised platforms, including stairs leading up to the stage and raised platforms. 3. On raised stage and platform floor areas, such as runways, ramps and side stages used for entertainment or presentations. 4. At vertical openings in the performance area of stages and platforms. 5. At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stages and platforms for access to and utilization of special lighting or equipment. 6. Along vehicle service pits not accessible to the public. 7. In assembly seating areas at cross aisles in accordance with Section 1029.17.2. See also: 1015.2.1 Glazing. 1015.3 Height.

Answer 32

d) 100 sq in (610 cm²) ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, SECTION 716 OPENING PROTECTIVES Interior designers will deal with partitions from non-rated to 2-hour fire-resistance rated. The amount of glazing allowed depends upon the rating of the partition. Refer to the table 716.1(2) Glazing in fire rated partitions, doors or sidelights rated up to 2-hours may not exceed 100 sq. in. [610 cm²]. 716.1 General. Opening protectives required by other sections of the code shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.

Answer 33

c) 80 ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE To calculate the total occupant load, occupant loads for both spaces need to be added together. The office is considered a business area and has an occupant load factor of 150 sq.ft., therefore: Office (business area): 3,000 sq.ft./150 sq. ft =20 occupants Because the training classroom primarily serves children through the 12th grade, it is considered an educational occupancy, not an unconcentrated assembly area, even though it was stated there are tables & chairs. It has an occupant load factor of 20 sq.ft., therefore: Training room (classroom): 1,200 sq.ft./20 sq. ft. = 60 occupants. Therefore: TOTAL Occupant Load = 20+60 = 80 occupants 305.1 Educational Group E. (2018 International Building Code) Educational Group E occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by six or more persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Suppose multiple spaces will be exiting into a common area or converging into a common path of travel. In that case, the codes require that the occupant load for the shared area be determined by adding the number of occupants who will share a common path to an exit. These methods can be used to determine the number of people who will be using the corridors, stairs, and exits in the event of a fire: To determine the occupant load for a building or space, divide the interior space area by the load factor for the appropriate building type and use. If the space or building has more than one type of use, the same is done for each area according to its use and added together. This provides the number of occupants allowed for the space. If the total results in a fraction over half of an occupant, round up to the nearest whole number. Depending on the project, calculations for separate areas and separate occupancies may also need to be made and added together. The final occupant load indicates the number of occupants for which the space must be designed.

Answer 34

c) will be mounted on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door, so that there is a minimum clear floor space of 18" x 18" (455 mm x 455 mm) centered on the tactile characters beyond the arc of the door swing ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 703 Signs Refer to A117.1 703.3.11 Location, and 2009 ICC A117.1 – FIG. 703.3.11 LOCATION OF SIGNS AT DOORS similar to: ADA 703.4.2 Location. Where a tactile sign is provided at a door, the sign shall be located alongside the door at the latch side. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with one active leaf, the sign shall be located on the inactive leaf. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with two active leafs, the sign shall be located to the right of the right hand door. Where there is no wall space at the latch side of a single door or at the right side of double doors, signs shall be located on the nearest adjacent wall. Signs containing tactile characters shall be located so that a clear floor space of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum by 18 inches (455 mm) minimum, centered on the tactile characters, is provided beyond the arc of any door swing between the closed position and 45 degree open position. EXCEPTION: Signs with tactile characters shall be permitted on the push side of doors with closers and without hold-open devices.

Answer 35

c) 75' (23 m) ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, 906.3 Size and distribution. Fire extinguishers are located according to their rating, the presence of flammable liquids and the maximum distance is no more than 75’ [15 m] from the furthest occupant. Refer to the table 906.3(1) 906.3 Size and distribution. The size and distribution of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.3.1 through 906.3.4.

Answer 36

b) Specifically when napped, tufted, or looped textiles are used as “wallcoverings” on walls and ceilings. ## Footnote Source: Harmon, K.E.K.S. K. (2018). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors., Finish and Furniture Selections, Standards and Testing, Room Corner Tests, Textile Wallcoverings The most current Room Corner Test standards for textile wallcoverings include: NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls UL 1715, Fire Test of Interior Finish Material The Vertical Flame Test– NFPA 701/ASTM6413 tests vertical treatments such as curtains, draperies, window shades, large wall hangings or tapestries, and plastic films used for decorative purposes. The Smolder Resistance Test or Cigarette Ignition Test – NFPA 260/ASTM E1353/CAL 117 tests how a product will smolder before either flaming or extinguishing an actual smoldering cigarette as the ignition source. The Steiner Tunnel Test – ASTM E84/UL 723 tests both the flame spread and smoke development ratings in the classification of interior finishes applied to walls, ceilings, and other structural elements.

Answer 37

b) ASHRAE 90.1 ## Footnote Source: Harmon, K.E.K.S. K. (2018). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors., About the Codes, Federal Regulations, Energy Policy Act The current National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB 2015) … [provides for] … maximum allowable lighting power densities, which are harmonized with those of ASHRAE 90.1-2013. The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) was enacted by the United States federal government in 1992 to promote energy efficiency and conservation. Among other things, it amended the requirement of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA), which mandated the use of the 1989 edition of ASHRAE/IES 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low‐Rise Residential Buildings, as the minimum standard for new commercial and high‐rise residential buildings and 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC) as the minimum standard for new residential buildings. The MEC was replaced by the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) in 1998. The EPAct requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to review each successive edition of the ASHRAE/IES 90.1 and the IECC for consideration. If the DOE determines that the new edition of the standard will create greater energy efficiency, it must update to the new standard. In 2011, the 2010 edition of the ASHRAE 90.1 became the standard, and in 2016, it was again updated to use the 2013 edition of the ASHRAE 90.1. The 2016 edition will be reviewed. The DOE must declare within 12 months whether the new standard will be used. After each update, states have two years to establish energy codes that are equivalent to the current standard. The EPAct also requires federal buildings to meet or exceed the required standard.

Answer 38

a) occupancy group ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Plumbing Code, SECTION 403 MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES The International Plumbing Code and similar model codes base toilet fixture requirements on the basic use or occupancy of the building. 403.1 Minimum number of fixtures Plumbing fixtures shall be provided in the minimum number as shown in Table 403.1, based upon the actual use of the building or space…

Answer 39

c) BIFMA ## Footnote Source: 9425, D.K.B.F.N. N. (2018). Interior Design Reference Manual: Everything You Need to Know to Pass the NCIDQ Exam., Furniture and Furnishings Documents and Procurement, Furniture and Furnishings Standards Many of the standards for commercial office furniture have been promoted by the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA). The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has approved these standards. See also the Study Group poll post for more discussion on this item. ICC - international code council OSHA - safety on job sites ANSI - clearances

Answer 40

a) ASTM E-648/NFPA253 measures a horizontal floor covering's ability to resist supporting a flame, assigning a rating of Class I or II. ## Footnote Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Glossary, ASTM E648 (NFPA 253) Critical Radiant Flux can be defined as the minimum radiant energy a fire needs to sustain flame propagation. NFPA 253 is a standard presents a method for evaluating critical radiant flux of floor coverings in corridors or exits, thus providing a basis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of floor covering systems. This fire test response standard describes a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of horizontally mounted floor covering systems exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded, radiant heat energy environment within a test chamber.

Answer 41

a) occupant load ## Footnote The number of exits or exit access doorways required for a space, a group of spaces or an entire building is determined by several factors. The ones that most often appear on the exam are the occupant load and occupancy classification of a space, the limitations on the common path of egress travel and specific requirements when large occupant loads are encountered.

Answer 42

b) .79 ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Energy Conservation Code, Chapter 4 Commercial Energy Efficiency, Interior Lighting Power Allowances: Building Area Method IECC and ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 require lighting power density (LPD) calculations. This applies to: Lighting powered by a building’s electrical service – can include interior, exterior and site lighting Nonresidential buildings greater than three stories, includes multi-family residential buildings Applies to new construction and major renovation, tenant fit-outs of existing buildings, additions to buildings, and retrofits of existing lighting systems The code prescribes limits for installed power (in watts/sq. ft.) and mandates functional requirements for lighting controls. Requirements vary by application (e.g., office, retail sales area, warehouse, classroom, patient room, etc.) Both include tables with lighting power density (LPD) values for a whole building — Building Area Method (BAM) or in specific spaces, Space-by-Space Method and set the LPD or maximum wattage per square foot (square meter) allowed. Although the energy codes and standards required for electrical systems will typically be incorporated into the design by an electrical engineer, the choice of light fixtures, appliances, and distribution of electrical outlets by the interior designer can affect the building's energy efficiency. To meet the code, the sum of all interior lighting power cannot exceed the determined wattage allowance. This affects the type and quantity of light fixtures included in the design. Because this question asks for the overall building “how many watts per square foot to power the interior lighting for the entire building?”, use the “Interior Lighting Power Allowances, Building Area Method” value for Office of 0.79 watts per square foot.

Answer 43

c) ISO14024 ## Footnote Source: International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14000 FAMILY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ISO (International Standards Organization) is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 164 national standards bodies. ISO14020 describes a set of guiding principles for the development and use of environmental labels and declarations by any practitioner of environmental labeling. It is intended that other applicable standards in the ISO 14020 series be used in conjunction with this International Standard. Other International Standards in the series are intended to be consistent with the principles set forth in this International Standard. Other standards currently in the ISO 14020 series are ISO 14021, ISO 14024 and ISO/TR 14025 ISO 14024:2018 establishes the principles and procedures for developing Type I environmental labelling programmes that third-party certifiers, or ecolabelers, must follow. This includes the selection of product categories, product environmental criteria and product function characteristics, and for assessing and demonstrating compliance, and certification procedures for awarding the label. ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE 62 is the specific standard for ventilation for ensuring acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ). ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 is the specific Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Answer 44

b) Fee based on square footage ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, Chapter 1, Scope and Administration, 109.3 Building permit valuations. The code uses the concept of valuation to establish the permit fee. This concept is based on the proposition that the valuation of a project is related to the amount of work to be expended in the various aspects of administering the permit. The only possible correct answer is “Fee based on square footage” based on the other given choices: “No fee, covered by inspections” is incorrect — there’s always a fee. “$4,000.00” (or any number) is incorrect. There is no single price for a fee for a building permit; it is based on other information about the project. “Set fee for any type” is also incorrect. These answers are incorrect because the fee can vary depending on the project size and type, for example, new construction or selected remodel. For example, a permit for just plumbing would be a different cost than a full 3-floor renovation. Also, the building permit fees will vary based upon locale too. And remember, there is always a fee for a building permit, no matter what the work entails. So “Fee based on square footage” is the best answer of those given in the options. Refer to the lesson Permit Requirements

Answer 45

d) Mandates the removal of toxic chemicals from contaminated buildings ## Footnote Source: EPA.gov, Summary of the Toxic Substances Control Act The toxic substances control act (TSCA) of 1976 gave the EPA authority to track and regulate over 75,000 industrial chemicals produced or imported into the US. It gives the EPA the authority to require reporting, record-keeping, restrictions, and testing for chemical substances and mixtures. Certain substances are generally excluded from TSCA, including, among others, food, drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides. TSCA addresses the production, importation, use, and disposal of specific chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, radon, and lead-based paint. It allows the EPA to ban the manufacture and import of those chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk but does not specify a removal process for existing contamination.

Answer 46

a) Once the drawings are submitted for permitting, the designer should bring up questions regarding unusual aspects of the project that may not be clearly defined by the building code ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 7th Edition, Means of Egress, Permitting and Contracting Processes Before the formal permitting process starts, the designer may work formally or informally with the local building department during design of the project. During this time, the designer should bring up questions regarding unusual aspects of the project that may not be clearly defined by the building code. The interior designer can present a proposed design with specific questions, and the building official can provide opinions or likely requirements that the designer’s plans must meet to be acceptable to the building department when they are formally submitted for review.

Answer 47

c) Specification of task/ambient lighting systems and daylight strategies throughout space. ## Footnote Source: NCIDQ Interior Design Reference Manual, 7th Edition, Sustainable Design, Energy Efficiency, Electricity Use Specification of task/ambient lighting systems and daylight strategies throughout space. Although much of the energy efficiency of a building is decided by the original architecture and mechanical system design, there are many strategies that the interior designer can use to reduce energy consumption. These can be grouped into four broad categories: building commissioning mechanical systems electricity use plumbing Electricity Use Actions the interior designer can take to reduce electricity use include: Reduce the power required for lighting by designing task/ambient systems or by other means, such as utilizing daylighting. A project can also receive LEED credit if the lighting power density is reduced a certain amount below the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 level.

Answer 48

d) all of these ## Footnote NFPA Life Safety Codes apply to danger from fire, means of egress, all fire related protection, and non-fire emergencies.

Answer 49

d) issue the certificate of occupancy ## Footnote Source: Kennon, Katherine, E. and Sharon K. Harmon. The Codes Guidebook for Interiors., CODE OFFICIALS AND THE CODE PROCESS The certificate of occupancy (CO) is issued by the building department and is part of the permit process originally paid for and managed by the contractor.

Answer 50

b) the maximum depth of a doorway that is 32" (815 mm) wide is 18" (455 mm) ## Footnote Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 404 Doors and Doorways 404.2.2 Clear Width. Door openings shall have a clear opening width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Clear opening width of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth at doors and doorways without doors shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm) above the finish floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm) and 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (100 mm). Review the code for exceptions; see also 404.2.4 Thresholds. and 404.2.8 Door-Opening Force.

Answer 51

c) 39 feet (12 m) ## Footnote Source: 2018 International Building Code, SECTION 1007 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY CONFIGURATION In a non sprinklered building the diagonal distance of the two furthest points is measured and divided by 2 to arrive at the minimum distance required between exits: 78′ (24 m) ÷ 2 = 39′ (12 m) Once the number of exits required for each room, space, or group of rooms is known, the arrangement and width of those exits must be determined. SECTION 1007 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY CONFIGURATION 1007.1.1. Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exits, exit access doorways, exit access stairways, or ramps, or any combination thereof are required from any portion of the exit access, they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served measure in a straight line between them…

Answer 52

d) 32 inches (815 mm) ## Footnote 404.2.2 Clear Width. Door openings shall have a clear opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum… (A 36″ door with door jamb and hardware will result in a 32″ clear width.) From the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, 404.2.3 Clear Width. Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) deep shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm) above the finish floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm) and 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (100 mm).

Answer 53

d) signs must be at least 12" (300 mm) wide ## Footnote While there are many requirements for the different elements of signage, there is not one for the overall size of a sign. ADA 703.6.1 Pictogram Field. Pictograms shall have a field height of 6 inches (150 mm) minimum. Characters and braille shall not be located in the pictogram field. Figure 703.6.1 Pictogram Field 703.6.2 Finish and Contrast. Pictograms and their field shall have a non-glare finish. Pictograms shall contrast with their field with either a light pictogram on a dark field or a dark pictogram on a light field. 703.6.3 Text Descriptors. Pictograms shall have text descriptors located directly below the pictogram field. Text descriptors shall comply with 703.2, 703.3 and 703.4.

Answer 54

d) ASHRAE 62.1‐2013 ## Footnote ASHRAE Standard 62.1‐2013—Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2‐2013— Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low‐Rise Residential Buildings are the recognized standards for ventilation system design and acceptable IAQ.

Answer 55

a) Contractor ## Footnote When an interior designer reviews shop drawings, it is only for conformance with the design concept and intent expressed in the contract documents. Ultimately the contractor is responsible for determining the accuracy and completeness of dimensions, details, and quantities. In this situation, although the interior designer signed off on a shop drawing with an incorrect dimension, the contractor is still responsible for making sure that the end result follows the design concept/intent expressed in the contract documents.

Answer 56

b) The client is allowed to move in d) The warranty period begins e) Occupancy must meet code ## Footnote The 3 answer choices that apply are: The warranty period begins Occupancy must meet code The client is allowed to move in Not to be confused with a Certificate of Occupancy, a Certificate of Substantial Completion is a document prepared by the architect based on an inspection that states that the work or a designated portion thereof is substantially complete and is usable for the intended purpose establishes the date of substantial completion states the responsibilities of the owner and the contractor for security, maintenance, heat, utilities, damage to the work, and insurance fixes the time within which the contractor shall complete the items listed within the certificate Multiple certificates are commonly issued for designated portions of a project. When the work, or a designated portion of it, is sufficiently complete for the owner to occupy or use for its intended purpose, the project is considered substantially complete. This may not involve final occupancy, as in the case of shell construction with a separate contract for interior finish out. Building utilization requirements are to be considered when determining substantial completion. Substantial completion is a milestone on which many cost-related issues may depend. In addition to building use, utility expenses, insurance coverage, legal statutes, and completion penalties or bonuses could be affected. Warranties typically begin on this date unless otherwise agreed. Therefore, everyone must understand the conditions that establish substantial completion under the contract. Additionally, a Certificate of Occupancy is a specific item required for the contractor to be issued a Certificate of Substantial Completion. According to The Architect’s Handbook, it is a “document issued by a governmental authority certifying that all or a designated portion of a building is approved for its designated use.” While substantial completion does not always mean that the AHJ has reviewed the actual final construction against all their regulatory requirements (aka: “meets code”) and has approved that it is now suitable for use as designed through the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. Many clients require having obtained a Certificate of Occupancy for substantial completion to occur. Completing RFI’s (Requests for Information), completing the deficiency list (or punch list), and completing final change orders, while important items to address in the project closeout process, are not directly tied to issuance and establishment of substantial completion.

Answer 57

c) Contact the general contractor in writing stating what you observed and that you are rejecting that portion of work since it is not in accordance to the contract documents ## Footnote The General Conditions of the Contract for Construction give the interior designer the authority to reject construction work that does not conform to the contract documents. The contractor must promptly correct work rejected by the interior designer or work not conforming to the contract documents, whether discovered before or after substantial completion.

Answer 58

b) on the date of substantial completion ## Footnote Substantial completion is when the work is sufficiently complete per the contract documents so that the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended purpose. The substantial date of completion is important because it has legal implications. For example, in many states, the statute of limitations for errors possibly caused by the interior designer begins with the date of substantial completion. Warranties usually commence (go into effect) on the date of substantial completion.

Answer 59

c) verify owner has received all lien waivers ## Footnote Besides completing the work, the contractor must also submit to the owner certain other items including the Certificate of Occupancy (CO) as issued by the building department (part of the permit process originally paid for by the contractor). During project close out the designer is responsible for all of these items except the issuing of the Certificate of Occupancy.

Answer 60

b) putting a stop to work when safety violations are present ## Footnote The general contractor is solely responsible for safety on the job site. If the interior designer observes an obvious safety violation, he or she should call it to the attention of both the contractor and owner and should follow up with a notice in writing. The designer should NOT suggest how the violation should be corrected to avoid exposure to third-party claims. If the safety problem is not promptly corrected, the interior designer should notify both the contractor and the owner in writing. The interior designer cannot stop work on a project, only the owner can do that.

Answer 61

b) When the certificate of substantial completion has been issued ## Footnote Although all of the above steps are part of working towards substantial completion in the closeout phase of a project, only when the certificate of substantial completion is issued can the contractor submit final application for payment.

Answer 62

d) a change order ## Footnote Anything that requires a change in contract cost or time must be approved with a change order. A construction change authorization and minor work order are only for minor changes that do not require a change in contract cost or time.

Answer 63

c) call the contractor and let them know you are rejecting the work, because it does not conform to your specifications, and follow up your conversation with a certified letter ## Footnote According to the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, the designer may reject construction work not conforming to the contract documents. The designer should also notify the owner and all parties should receive written documentation.

Answer 64

d) design principal, project manager, general contractor, client ## Footnote The design principal for the contracted interior design firm should always be present at final meetings, unless other arrangements with the client have been made. The client must be present to approve selections. The general contractor needs to be present because of their responsibility for implementation and installation of the design. The project manager will be also be present, because they are the prime point of contact for coordination between all members of the design and construction team. One misconception we discussed in the study group is that this would be too early for a GC to be included. However not all projects are competitively bid (where the GC is chosen later), and the GC is often brought in during the beginning stages to advise on the relative costs of different options, and how to optimize the budget and timeline.

Answer 65

c) Conduct a punch list ## Footnote The first thing an interior designer should do upon initiation of project closeout procedures is conduct a punch list. All other options should happen only after the punch list has been conducted and all items completed by the contractor. The contractor initiates closeout procedures by notifying the interior designer in writing and submitting a comprehensive list of items to be completed or corrected prior to final payment. The designer then makes a first inspection to determine if the work or a designated portion of it is substantially complete or if additional items need to be completed or corrected. The list of items made by the interior designer as a result of the first inspection is called the punch list (or deficiency list in Canada).

Answer 66

c) owner and interior designer ## Footnote Although most bid openings are open to anyone who wants to attend, the general contractors, owner, and interior designer are the parties commonly in attendance. On particularly large projects, the major subcontractors, such as mechanical and electrical, may also attend.

Answer 67

c) send a letter to the general contractor asking them to replace the toilet, and copy the owner ## Footnote According to the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, the interior designer has the authority to both inspect and reject work that does not conform to contract documents, regardless of the status of completion. It is the contractor's responsibility to pay for and correct any errors. Because of this, all correspondence must be in writing, and the owner should be notified.

Answer 68

a) Construction mock-up ## Footnote A construction mock-up can be useful in applications such as hotels where elements and details are to be repeated multiple times (hotel rooms are a good example of a repeated design). Although full-scale construction mock-ups can be costly, they can help a client to visualize exactly how a standardized room might look, and also provides an opportunity for the contractor to work out design details and to test out various finishes, before the design gets repeated and applied to the entire project.

Answer 69

c) contractor ## Footnote The contractor should make sure that the necessary samples, shop drawings, and other required submittals are forwarded to the interior designer for review. Because the general contractor is responsible for coordinating the various trades and suppliers, he or she would be responsible for the mechanical shop drawings.

Answer 70

b) addenda ## Footnote During the bidding and prior to contract award, changes are made by addenda. During construction changes in the construction work are accomplished by minor changes in the work, by construction change directive or by formal change order.

Answer 71

b) Gives notice to the contractor to move forward with the construction process. This notice will start the contractor's clock for his completion time for the construction of the project. ## Footnote The purpose of a notice to proceed is to give notice to the contractor to move forward with the construction process. This notice will start the contractor's clock for his completion time for the construction of the project.

Answer 72

b) original contract documents ## Footnote One useful way to keep records for jobs of all types and sizes is to maintain a project notebook containing the most important information needed for day-to-day management of the job. The project manager and others in the office can use the notebook as needed for quick reference. Original and seldom-needed documents can be kept in a file cabinet or computerized. For example, recent meeting minutes may frequently be needed by the project designer, but the original contract agreement can be kept elsewhere.

Answer 73

c) fabrication, shipment or installation of furnishings ## Footnote The designer is responsible for reviewing shop drawings and other submittals for the limited purpose of checking for conformance with the design concept expressed in the contract documents during the contract administration phase. The general contractor is responsible for safety on the jobsite. The contractor is responsible for the punch list and initiates this during Project Closeout. The general contractor, subcontractors, and vendors are responsible for fabrication, shipment or installation of furnishings.

Answer 74

d) Tell the contractor to request approval in writing. ## Footnote The contractor should always request approval in writing so the interior designer can review the information about the tile and make a determination whether the specification is “or equal.” If the request is approved, the interior designer will issue an addendum to all contractors telling them that the new product is approved.

Answer 75

b) retainage ## Footnote Retainage is a percentage of each payment that is withheld by the owner and not paid until the contractor has completed the work.

Answer 76

d) hand rendered color perspective drawing of the guest room ## Footnote Mockups are full-size representations of a portion of a design. Mockups can be made of small elements such as furniture, or of entire rooms. They are a good way to communicate to the client how something will look that has not yet been built, such as a custom-designed workstation or prototype for a hotel room.

Answer 77

a) construction drawings ## Footnote Sometimes, at the beginning of contract administration or perhaps during the course of this phase, a vendor may have to provide materials, drawings, or documents for approval. As a group, these are referred to as submittals. For example, the vendor may have to submit items such as finish samples of wood for furniture, literature from manufacturers, or test results or certificates related to life safety code requirements. Vendor submittals of shop drawings and finish samples for custom pieces or special installations may also be required. After the contract is awarded the contractor is responsible for providing the submittals called for in the contract documents. These include shop drawings, samples and product data. The submittals are sometimes prepared by the contractor, but most often they are prepared by the subcontractors, vendors and material suppliers. The designer reviews the submittals from the general contractor for conformance with the design concept expressed in the contract documents. One of the most important parts of the contract documents is a set of construction drawings. Since construction drawings are contract documents they would not be an example of a submittal.

Answer 78

b) To protect the owner against defective and incomplete work ## Footnote he term retainage (also referred to as a holdback) is associated with the certificate for payment. Depending on the contract, the client may retain a certain amount—commonly 5 to 10 percent—to ensure that all the work is done properly and that any omissions or problems are taken care of. To receive final payment, the contractor must submit an application for payment. The interior designer reviews this application and verifies it is correct prior to making a recommendation to the owner to make a payment.

Answer 79

c) general conditions ## Footnote There are many conditions that establish the basic rules and procedures involved in the bidding process. Documentation of these rules is included in the General Conditions. These general conditions set forth the legal responsibilities, procedures, rights and duties of each party to the standard contract.

Answer 80

a) incandescent ## Footnote In the incandescent lamp, light is produced by heating a material (usually metal) to a temperature at which it glows. Most incandescent lamps have a tungsten filament or other material vacuum-sealed in a glass bulb that becomes hot and intensely bright when electricity is passed through it.

Answer 81

d) Dead ## Footnote Dead loads are considered to be the fixed material weights and other fixed elements such as equipment, as opposed to live loads, which are the weights from occupants, furniture, and other movable equipment.

Answer 82

c) awning ## Footnote Operable windows can also provide a view, but are selected primarily to provide ventilation and a means of escape during an emergency. Operable windows are manufactured as: sliding (double-hung and horizontal sliders) swinging (casement, awning, hopper, and jalousie) pivotal (center or edge fulcrums)

Answer 83

d) acoustic panels ## Footnote When a high degree of sound absorption is required, acoustic panels must be used. Although upholstered walls do provide some sound-absorbing qualities and can be designed to provide a high degree of sound absorption, acoustic panels differ in that they are designed as individual panels and have at least 1 in (25 mm) of sound-absorbing material. They are covered with a permeable material, such as a loose-weave fabric so that the sound energy can pass through the fabric and be dissipated in the material underneath. Acoustic panels can be purchased with a manufacturer’s standard fabric or a customer’s own material (COM) or they can be custom fabricated.

Answer 84

a) lamp type ## Footnote The quality of light is just as important as the quantity. Important considerations are glare, contrast, uniformity color While important, lamp type instead refers to the specific type of light source used rather than the quality of the light itself.

Answer 85

b) mortise ## Footnote The mortise lock is named for the complete assembly installed in a door recess (mortise), thus making it one of the most commonly used and secure locking units. Mortise locks are installed in a door as a deadbolt and a latch bolt, which retracts with a single operation. They provide a much stronger locking operation than the bored lock and are used in high-security areas.

Answer 86

b) coefficient of absorption ## Footnote Sound absorption is used to control unwanted sound reflections (noise), improve speech privacy, and decrease or increase reverberation. Materials with a coefficient of absorption below 0.2 are reflective. Materials with a coefficient of absorption above 0.2 are sound absorbing.

Answer 87

c) card readers at the doors leading to the file room ## Footnote The correct answer is card readers at the doors leading to the file room A card reader system would be the most cost-effective solution, which could provide access control, a record of access, and notification if there was an attempt at unauthorized entry. Electronic Shielding Electronic surveillance intercepts sound and electromagnetic signals with remote sensing devices, making it possible to listen in on conversations from outside a building or pick up signals from a computer screen at a remote distance. Specially constructed rooms with electromagnetic or radio frequency shielding are required to protect from this type of intrusion. Electronic shielding requires building a “cage” of continuously conductive material that catches signals and conducts them to the ground. Several products, such as copper foils, nonwoven fabric, metallic shielding paint, fine metal screens, and special shielded glass, are available to achieve protection. Doors designed for radio frequency or electromagnetic shielding are also required. In addition to the conductive cage, filters must be provided for electrical, telephone, and computer cabling where they penetrate the shielding membrane. Sensitive government installations have long used such shielding, and many private companies realize they must protect themselves from corporate espionage and other types of theft. While government and military facilities are designed for 100 dB attenuation across a broad bandwidth of signals, providing 100% protection, this level of protection requires expensive construction. For most corporate needs, an attenuation of 60 dB stops more than 99.9% of the electronic signals from office computers and other sources. A security expert should be consulted for specific product specifications and detailed requirements for computer rooms to protect information. Perimeter Protection Perimeter protection secures the entry points to a space or building, including doors, windows, skylights, ducts, tunnels, and other service entrances. Magnetic contacts can be used on doors and windows to either sound an alarm when the contact is broken (the door or window is opened) or send a signal to a central monitoring and control station. These can be surface mounted, recessed into the door and frame, or concealed in particular hinges; therefore, these must be coordinated with other hardware. Area or Room Protection Area or room protection devices sense when someone is in a room or an area within the coverage field and can warn of unauthorized entry when perimeter sensors have not been activated. They are often used for entry gates or turnstiles, vehicle gates, museums, or entry to special rooms, triggering alarms in dangerous areas. Photoelectric beams warn of intrusion by sending a pulsed infrared beam across a space and can be used in large or small areas with concealed equipment. If the beam is broken, the device sounds an alarm or sends a signal to a monitoring station.

Answer 88

a) aesthetics ## Footnote Some of the many considerations that influence the selection of a light source include color rendition initial cost operating cost efficacy size operating life the ability to control output from a luminaire.

Answer 89

a) double glazed window ## Footnote Double glazed windows use air or gas as an insulator between 2 panes of glass, to minimize heat transfer. Laminated or tempered glass can be used for the panes.

Answer 90

c) furniture ## Footnote Live loads include the weight of people, furniture and other movable equipment.

Answer 91

c) include switch gears and controls in the electrical system ## Footnote All of the following are strategies that can be used to reduce the power for lighting: - Designing task/ambient systems or by other means such as daylighting. - Have electrical engineer set up non-emergency lighting on a programmable timer that turns lighting off during non business hours, and include a manual override capability. - Specify automatic occupancy lighting controls in all spaces that are not regularly occupied, such as copy rooms and storage rooms. - Specify high reflective finishes to improve the brightness provided by daylighting.

Answer 92

d) purple color coded graywater piping and dual piped potable/non-potable water systems. ## Footnote Interior designers are in an excellent position to advocate the use of efficient plumbing fixtures and water‐using appliances and equipment, as well as water restrictors and aerators for faucets and showerheads and sensor‐activated faucets on sinks and lavatories. More complex conservation strategies that would require the involvement of the entire design team include dual plumbing that separates potable and nonpotable systems, using purple pipes for graywater, using tankless water heaters where appropriate, and recirculating hot water. Leak control also saves water.

Answer 93

d) installing carpeting on the floor ## Footnote The IIC (impact insulation class) value of a floor can most easily be increased by adding carpet. Although providing a resiliently suspended ceiling below, floating a finished floor on resilient pads over the structural floor, or providing sound-absorbing material (insulation) in the air space between the floor and the finished ceiling below can also improve the IIC, installing carpeting is the easiest and most often used.

Answer 94

b) Stagger the placement of doorways ## Footnote White noise and acoustic ceiling tile help, but they are not part of space planning. To reduce sound transmission you would also minimize the common wall between rooms.

Answer 95

a) task/ambient system ## Footnote A task-ambient system is a common commercial lighting system. This kind of system provides a general background illumination level with separate light fixtures used at individual workstations or wherever task focused light is needed. This is done with desk lamps or directed spotlights, or by locating more fixtures near the tasks requiring more illumination. Task/ambient systems are energy efficient and respond to individual lighting needs, and create more pleasant work environments.

Answer 96

a) hopper ## Footnote Fixed windows are selected when opening capability is not required, such as large store windows. Operable windows can also provide a view, but are selected primarily to provide ventilation and a means of escape during an emergency. Operable windows are manufactured as - sliding (double-hung and horizontal sliders) - swinging (casement, awning, hopper, and jalousie) - pivotal (center or edge fulcrums) In addition to the fixed and operable, windows are categorized by type according to operation, such as bay or bow windows.

Answer 97

d) flat plate concrete ## Footnote A flat plate concrete structure consists of just a slab of concrete and columns making it possible to run ductwork in any direction and in any portion (except for the column locations) without interference from any structure. An open-web steel joist system would be the second easiest of those listed because small ductwork can be run through the webs of the joists.

Answer 98

c) ducts ## Footnote In the air system, heated or cooled air is transported to the interior spaces with supply and return ducts. In residential projects, these ducts are generally run below floor joists, above the ceiling, or even in an attic space. In commercial work, the ducting is run in the space between a suspended ceiling and the structure above. When this space is also used as a return air space or plenum, building codes limit the use of combustible and other hazardous materials in the plenum.

Answer 99

a) low-slope or steep-slope ## Footnote The roof assembly is classified as a low-slope or steep-slope system, depending on the costs/maintenance, appearance, energy conservation, ventilation of the attic/roof joist space, and weight of the roof parts (including imposed live loads of snow, etc.). One of the major features of the roof is to have proper drainage or slopes of the roof to promote water runoff and prevent ponding of water on the roof unless the building is designed with a water detention system for building thermal efficiency.

Answer 100

c) use room shapes like barrel vaulted hallways and circular spaces that reflect or focus sound ## Footnote There are many ways the acoustic performance of a group of spaces or an individual room can be affected by floor plan layout and the size and shape of the room itself. To help minimize acoustic problems in interior space planning, avoid room shapes that reflect or focus sound. Barrel-vault hallways and circular rooms, for example, produce undesirable focused sounds.

Answer 101

d) displacement ventilation ## Footnote Displacement ventilation is an air distribution system in which supply air originates at the floor level and rises to return air grilles in the ceiling.

Answer 102

b) Live ## Footnote Load-bearing walls are designed to support the loads (dead and live) from floors and roofs that ultimately rest on them. Dead loads are the permanent material weights of the building components, equipment, and other fixed elements. Live loads can be weights from occupants, furniture, and other movable equipment, these are loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure that does not include construction or environmental loads, such as wind load, snow load.

Answer 103

a) head ## Footnote The door type, such as solid core flush, sliding, pocket door, and so on, is identified by the letter used in the first section of the door schedule. Door materials might include wood, aluminum, or hollow metal. The information might include head, jamb, and sill details of each specific door, if necessary.

Answer 104

b) to prevent gases from the sewage system from entering the building ## Footnote With few exceptions, traps are located at every fixture and are designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building.

Answer 105

a) Color rendering index ## Footnote The color rendering index is a measure of how well colored objects appear under different light sources. The CRI is a number (from 0 to 100) representing how color samples appear when compared to a reference light source with the same color temperature. Generally, the higher the CRI number, the better the color appearance. An incandescent lamp generally has a CRI close to 100. The color temperature of fluorescent lamps ranges from 2700 K to 6300 K and varies in CRI from 48 to 90.

Answer 106

d) 20 inches ## Footnote Source: 2019 NFPA 13, 9.5.5 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge The canopy would be considered an obstruction to discharge as defined in NFPA 13, 9.5.5 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge, which restricts continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than or equal to 18in (450mm) below the sprinkler deflector.

Answer 107

d) management practices inseparable from culture set in place by leadership. ## Footnote The benefits of diversity to a business can be much greater than ethical practice or market access. These benefits include increased creativity, organizational flexibility, capacity to see issues from many perspectives, and ability to deal successfully with the challenges of change. Organizations that benefit most from a diverse workforce exhibit management structures that are egalitarian, fostering staff empowerment, continuous learning, and openness to different points of view. These management practices are inseparable from the culture set in place by the organization’s leaders. In order for a diverse workforce to flourish, the leadership must truly welcome differing perspectives and alternative points of view.

Answer 108

b) have asbestos removed by a licensed contractor certified for this type of work ## Footnote Testing for asbestos and mitigation efforts must be done by an accredited company following strict procedures. The interior designer is not qualified nor should be liable for making this determination. In many cases if the asbestos has not been disturbed it can be left in place because EPA and OSHA have determined that intact and undisturbed materials do not pose a health risk. The asbestos may be encapsulated to protect it from becoming friable or from accidental damage. During building demolition or renovation, the EPA does require asbestos removal. This must be done by a licensed contractor certified for this type of work.

Answer 109

b) All of these ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Interior Construction, Ceilings, Seismic restraint for suspended ceilings The type of detailing required for suspended ceilings is determined by the seismic design category of the building. No special seismic design is required for: structures in seismic design category a or b ceilings with areas less than 144 sq ft gypsum wallboard suspensions systems plaster and lath ceilings

Answer 110

d) CRI IAQ program ## Footnote The carpet may be on the Greenguard Registry or have a Green Seal label, but neither is sufficient for LEED credit. The SCAQMD sets standards for VOCs, but meeting their requirements is not sufficient for receiving LEED credit. A building can receive a LEED credit for using a carpet system that meets or exceeds the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute's (CRI) IAQ Carpet Testing Program. In 1992, CRI launched its Green Label program to test carpet, cushions and adhesives to help specifiers identify products with very low emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). In the 2000s, CRI launched the Green Label Plus programs for carpet, adhesives, and cushion. These enhanced programs set higher standards for IAQ and ensure that customers are purchasing the very lowest emitting products available on the market.

Answer 111

b) 8,000 SQ FT ## Footnote In order to calculate the gross area of the office space, you need to divide the net area by the efficiency factor. 6000 / .75=8000

Answer 112

A. To improve flexibility B. To encourage communication D. To reduce hard costs ## Footnote Open plan spaces can be created by using low partitions, systems furniture, or freestanding panels. Because there are no space defining partitions, construction expenses can be reduced and thus reduce hard costs of a project. Open plans allow for a free flow of people, materials, or ideas which encourages communication and a sense of equality among users. Since a majority of the space is freestanding furniture, this allows flexibility in changing the functions of spaces easily. The downside is that poor office acoustics in open plan offices is the number one barrier to the productive use of office space. Therefore, adjustments must be made in materials and finishes to help mitigate this issue. Social distancing requirements may also necessitate further adjustments in the use of open plan space.

Answer 113

b) LEED ## Footnote The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is a national, consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices. LEED is an example of a project goal or driver that is best determined from the beginning of the project, because of the far ranging requirements. It was developed by the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC) . In order for a building to be certified, certain prerequisites must be achieved and enough points must be earned to meet or exceed the program's technical requirements. Points add up to a final score that relates to one of four possible certification levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum.

Answer 114

c) 48 ## Footnote The question asks for the the initial estimate for the greatest number of total occupants for the office? This is a tricky question because the question does not ask for the occupant load for the entire floor, but is representative of a distractor-type information that you may see on the exam. Electronic data processing facilities that function as call centers and insurance claims pre-authorization have a higher density of occupants than would normally be expected in a typical business setting. Per 2018 International Building Code, where approved by the building officials in the AHJ, and based upon a concentrated business use area occupancy of 50 SF of gross occupiable floor space, the maximum number of occupants is 2392 SF /50 = 48 or 222.2/4.65 m² = 48 Round up.

Answer 115

c) multiply the area one person needs by the total number of people in the same area ## Footnote Since you have the given variable of expected employee growth, you can assume from a business occupancy type that a given worker needs approximately 100sf each to accomplish their daily tasks which should include ancillary space as well as circulation. This will give you a quick and decent expectation of how much square footage to plan for. Using a built-in set of rules or customs would be more appropriate for a space such as a basketball court. Determining the size of an object or piece of equipment would be more appropriate for a space such as a screen printing shop. Comparing the client's existing workflow may not be appropriate if they are looking to change their working model or their growth involved new departments/divisions not currently involved with their space.

Answer 116

d) 10,000 sqft ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Measurement and Drafting, Determining the Rentable Area The rentable area is calculated by multiplying the usable area by the rentable-usable ratio (sometimes expressed as a load factor). The usable area includes the net assignable area plus allowance for circulation, so no increase for this is required. Rentable = Usable (rentable-usable ratio) = (8000 sqft) x (1.25) = 10,000 sqft

Answer 117

b) goals for the project c) ADA compliance e) areas, square footages, relationships ## Footnote The designer will uncover during the programming phase: goals for the project areas, square footages, and spatial relationships (such as adjacencies or stacking) basic budget as areas and square footages are highly dependent upon this The preliminary designs would come after during the schematic design phase. ADA compliance would be addressed in design development through contract administration. A feasibility report is a research technique and report used to determine the viability of the proposed project, and a basic budget must first be in place to use as one of the feasibility criteria. Designers often are hired to conduct the research into the development of a feasibility study to help clients understand whether the project has merit as defined by the client. This kind of research can be part of the early planning stages of most types of commercial facilities projects. In some cases, the project would move forward only if the results of the feasibility study showed positive outcomes. A contractor’s sworn statement is a document, written under penalty of perjury, that details who worked on what during the project and what that person is owed. Construction projects involve procuring materials and services from several different sources. General contractors, for example, may hire different subcontractors (“subs”) to provide cement and other subcontractors to provide electrical services. The property owner who hired the general contractor usually pays the general contractor for the entire job; the general contractor then pays the “subs.”

Answer 118

c) dumbbell layout ## Footnote Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Information Analysis & Synthesis, Fig. 6.12 Circulation Layouts The linear dumbbell layout is the simplest and one of the most flexible circulation path patterns. Spaces are laid out along a straight path that connects two major elements at the ends — usually the entrance to the space or group of rooms at one end and an exit or other access point at the other. The path can be straight, bent or curved as required to accommodate the fixed architectural space.

Answer 119

c) travel distances ## Footnote During space planning for such a large single-story area, the greatest concern is the travel distance to exits. After we have assessed the distance occupants must travel to get to an exit, we can ensure that the widths of corridors and the lengths of dead-end corridors do not violate the codes. Consider that one possible width and length combination for a 90,000 sq. ft. building is 250 ft wide by 360 ft long. This size combined with typical rectangular planning of corridors would create very long distances to exits.

Answer 120

d) radon ## Footnote Although it is sometimes done by a specialty contractor, radon detection and remediation can be done by anyone. Radon is the number one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers, according to EPA estimates. Overall, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer.

Answer 121

a) net area ## Footnote Area is based on the actual space that a client needs to perform a function. This is the net area or the net assignable area. For example, a client may know that a 150 sq. ft. office is required but would not consider the corridor required to get to the space or the wall thickness needed to create the office. Based on the net area and knowledge of the project type, the programmer can estimate how much additional space is required for secondary circulation, which tend to be similar for similar types of projects. The usable space can then be used as a basis for calculating the rentable and, if necessary, the gross area.

Answer 122

c) contractor ## Footnote Whenever tests and inspections are required by the contract documents or bylaws, regulations, or building departments, the General Contractor is responsible for making the arrangements with testing agencies acceptable to the owner or with the appropriate public authorities.

Answer 123

c) network ## Footnote In addition to analyzing space needs, the requirements for the client’s workflow or business processes should be compared with the space available. With a linear workflow, the work or business process proceeds from one location to another in a strict sequence. With a centralized workflow, the work is controlled from one central position. A departmental workflow is hierarchical, typically with one group controlling work divided into separate departments. With a network workflow organization, there is no strictly organized method of workflow.

Answer 124

b) Resiliency ## Footnote Resiliency is the ability of an organization, a place, or a family to weather a catastrophic event—climate, social unrest, and the crisis in affordable housing, for instance—and to come back better than it was before. A resilient system is one designed to evolve and adapt to changing conditions over time. Experts have suggested that interior designer's contributions to post-disaster shelter design could include culturally appropriate color palettes and geographically appropriate interior finishes, along with layouts and programming that promote social cohesion, which can lead to successful recovery after a disaster. The Perkins + Will report, Weathering the Storm: Mental Health and Resilient Design, identified the following design strategies to address major crisis events: - Green roofs as outdoor refuge spaces and food production - On-site renewable energy - Building elements above a floodplain - Transportation for building occupants, including public transportation, bicycles, and inflatable rafts - On-site storage of emergency supplies - Emergency communications - Shelter in place - Training for personnel - Communications with occupants

Answer 125

b) the workroom of a commercial laundry ## Footnote The space in a laundry workroom would be determined more by the size, number, and configuration of equipment than by the limited number of people who would operate the equipment. The other options all are highly dependent on the number of people that must be accommodated. The size of the space and the occupancy classification will determine the occupancy load, means of egress requirements, and more code related parameters. This information is collected during the programming phase.

Answer 126

d) BOMA & IFMA ## Footnote The methods of measuring space and determining each tenant's prorated share of the common building areas is at the discretion of the building owner. However, Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International produces standards detailing common methods of measuring space for retail, industrial, multi-unit residential and mixed use buildings. These standards are widely used in the US, Canada and many other countries. For office buildings, the standard is Office Buildings: Standard Methods of Measurement (ANSI/BOMA Z65.1). The International Facility Management Association (IFMA) also produces standards that give methods for measuring space, such as Standard Practice for Building Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management (ASTME1836/E1936M).

Answer 127

b) the designer's previous experience and knowledge ## Footnote The client or project stakeholders typically have specific requirements for functional spaces and the corresponding square footage. These may be based on a client's experience or corporate space standards. Where square footage needs are not predefined, space for a particular use can be determined by: by the number of people that must be accommodated by an object or piece of equipment by a planned grouping of furniture for a particular purpose by a specific activity that has its own specified space needs A typical example is a hotel chain with company brand standards for specific square footage for a guest room for varying levels of accommodations. The furniture must then fall within particular dimensions, among other specification requirements. The stakeholders with primary control over the space allocation of a hotel will be the owner, the architect, and, to a lesser degree, the interior designer. This team will determine how much of the total space will be devoted to guest rooms and how much to other service areas. The key to earning revenue for the hotel is guest room spaces. Thus, allocating space to guest rooms versus all other function and support spaces is a critical issue.

Answer 128

d) increased satisfaction as well as decreased turnover. ## Footnote Knowledge of firm culture refers to how well a new employee understands a firm’s values, goals, roles, norms, and overall organizational environment. Overall, knowledge of organizational culture has been linked to increased satisfaction and commitment, as well as decreased turnover.

Answer 129

a) locate all of the plumbing on the same wall and or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a wet column, plumbing chase or plumbing trench ## Footnote Because of the cost of plumbing and the necessity of sloping drainage pipes, plumbing fixtures should be located close to existing plumbing lines. In most commercial buildings, most plumbing is concentrated in one area near the core; from this location, it serves the toilet rooms, drinking fountains and similar facilities. To provide service to sinks, private toilets and the like, wet columns are sometimes included in the building. While this consideration to location saves money and helps with drainage, it does NOT impact the water consumption or conservation.

Answer 130

a) increase evaporation and heat loss through convection ## Footnote Ventilation refers to the process of replacing all or part of a space’s air to control temperature and other factors. It is required to provide fresh oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, to remove odor and carry away contaminants. It includes the circulation of air within a building’s spaces as well as exchange of air to the exterior. Interiors can be maintained at the desired temperature by tempering the air in the space with heating and cooling methods. Ventilation also is essential in introducing fresh air to replace air that can become stale when it is recirculated within a closed building or space. Inadequate ventilation can also produce what has been termed “sick building syndrome,” as a result of concentrated indoor air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Answer 131

c) proposal ## Footnote The first step is to have the client sign off on a proposal, or sales agreement. Many firms require this confirmation of purchase—also called a sales agreement,a purchase agreement, a contract proposal or simply proposal—be completed and signed by the client. This form legally requires the client to fulfill his or her financial responsibility to the designer concerning the purchase of merchandise. Ordering merchandise without obtaining the client’s signature is risky. A confirmation of purchase without the client’s signature provides no concrete evidence that the client ever agreed to purchase the goods. Then the designer places a purchase order with the manufacturer or vendor that lists the items to be purchased. Practically nothing should be purchased for clients without a purchase order. The purchase order is another form of contract. It must be designed so that the vendor or supplier can easily find all the information needed to complete the order quickly and correctly. This information is central to establishing a contract for the sale of goods. The format must be standardized and must complement the recording methods of the remaining paperwork and the firm’s accounting systems. The manufacturer confirms the order with an acknowledgment. When a manufacturer receives a purchase order, it sends paperwork to the interior designer called an acknowledgment. Acknowledgments or confirmations (sometimes called order updates) not only confirm receipt of the order, they mirror back the items ordered by the designer to demonstrate understanding of the order. Depending on the supplier and whether the purchase order was mailed, faxed, or e-mailed, the designer receives an acknowledgment anywhere from a few hours to 10 days later. The invoice is sent when the order is ready to be shipped. The interior design firm sends out invoices to clients for services performed and/or goods purchased in the client’s name. Suppliers send invoices to the designer for the goods or services that the interior design firm has ordered. Invoices from suppliers are commonly sent at the same time the merchandise is shipped. A bill of lading is sent with the carrier to the shipping destination. This is the form that the supplier provides to the truck driver to show what is being shipped and who has title to the goods. The driver carries this form with him or her in the truck; the contents of the truck must match what is on the form.

Answer 132

c) furniture or accessory items ## Footnote The first research needs an interior designer typically must satisfy is the initial selection of furniture or accessory items. Even if a designer has a specific item from a particular manufacturer in mind, it may be outside the budget limitations, or its lead time may not work for the project. Furniture includes both casegoods and upholstery, while casegoods exclude upholstery, which can take longer because of COM.

Answer 133

d) informal, multiple posture options for more casual, communal work ## Footnote Ancillary is defined as “providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system.” Ancillary furniture can be described as the range of products that complement our primary personal workspaces, supporting multiple postures and working styles (sitting, perching, lounging, standing, etc.). This is furniture for office lounges, “in-between spaces,” enclaves, conference rooms, patios, work cafés, outdoor patios, and other collaborative spaces—areas that don’t represent workers’ primary work settings but that are becoming increasingly vital in contemporary work life. In contrast to standard furniture categories like desks, benching, case goods, and task chairs found within our primary work areas, ancillary furniture includes lounge and soft seating, occasional and accent tables, storage, lighting, and accessories. As employees and their organizations trend away from formal workstations and adopt a more casual, communal approach towards workplace design, support spaces outfitted with ancillary furniture pieces continue to grow in popularity. Examples of ancillary office furniture include lounge chairs, stools, benches, sofas, side chairs, end tables, coffee tables, and bistro tables.

Answer 134

b) Acoustic modular panels with clerestory and gasketed sealed door ## Footnote Demountable or modular partitions are reconfigurable partitions that do not extend to the deck. This can allow sound transmission between spaces. The designer should specify the maximum acoustic, and visual privacy attributes to accommodate an HR employee who often has to have conversations requiring privacy. Using modular acoustic panels would provide the necessary sound transmission for privacy (usually with an STC of between 45-48), depending on the materials and thickness of the product selected. Clerestory glass panels at transom height provide light while maintaining visual privacy. See the clerestory alignment illustration below. While frosted glass provides some visual privacy, it does not create acoustical privacy. Non-insulated glass, whether frosted or clear, typically has an STC of 36; however, gaps are created when placed in a demountable partition, allowing more sound to transfer through the partition. A gasket seals the gaps between the door and the partition, but not enough to create the acoustical privacy needed by itself. It is part of an overall solution.

Answer 135

d) parameter ## Footnote As design progresses and the interior designer and client have a better idea of the exact scope of the work, the budget can be refined. The procedure most often used is the parameter method, which involves an expanded itemization of construction quantities and furnishings and assignment of unit costs to these quantities.

Answer 136

b) the PO is generated and sent after the designer receives the acknowledgment of availability from the manufacturer ## Footnote A purchase order is a form sent to the manufacturer or vendor and lists the items to be purchased, their exact catalog number, pricing, shipping info, and other data. A separate PO is created for each vendor. A PO serves as an internal record for the design firm. After the manufacturer receives the PO, they send the acknowledgment. Most vendors do NOT accept telephone orders. Pay attention to keywords such as TRUE and EXCEPT. Pay attention to sequencing in questions. Go through each answer and ask yourself….. Is this true? Purchase Orders come before acknowledgments. Order processing documentation - Credit application: used to verify client creditworthiness when FF&E is specially ordered for a client. - Confirmation of purchase: defines the order and, when signed by the client, makes the client legally responsible for paying for the ordered items. - Purchase order: the document sent to the vendor to initiate an order for goods and services. - Acknowledgment: provided by the vendor to the designer to verify the information on the purchase order. - Invoice: This is a bill for the merchandise and services provided to the client. It is also an item that the designer receives for the merchandise or services ordered. - Bill of lading: a form that shows what has been shipped. It is held by a freight company given to the designer upon delivery. - Packing list: details quantity and description of what has been shipped. Arrives with the shipped goods. - Freight bill: the actual bill for the shipping of goods

Answer 137

a) acknowledgment ## Footnote A manufacturer issues an acknowledgement after receiving a purchase order. Because the information on the purchase order is repeated, the designer can compare this with the original purchase order and specifications to make sure they match.

Answer 138

a) adhesives ## Footnote Although the correct selection of adhesive is important, the other three elements must be used correctly to prevent penetration of water to the substrates.

Answer 139

d) drop ship order ## Footnote A drop ship order is simply a purchase order requesting that merchandise be delivered somewhere other than the address of the person or company ordering the merchandise.

Answer 140

a) contact the vendor to let them know of your challenges and immediately issue a purchase order ## Footnote The best solution would be to contact the vendor to check stock, make them aware of the situation, and immediately issue a Purchase Order. In no case should telephone orders be made because of the potential for mistakes, misunderstandings, and misinterpretations. Most vendors do not even accept telephone orders unless followed by written purchase orders.

Answer 141

d) proposal ## Footnote The first step after the furniture and other goods have been selected is to receive a sales agreement or contract proposal signed by the client.

Answer 142

b) parameter and matrix costing ## Footnote As the interior designer and client have a better idea of the exact scope of the work, the budget can be refined by the parameter method, which involves an expanded itemization of construction quantities and furnishings and assignment of unit costs to these quantities. For example, floor finishes can be broken down into carpeting, vinyl tile, wood-strip flooring and so forth. The areas are multiplied by an estimated cost per square foot, and the total budget for flooring is developed. With this type of budgeting, it's possible to evaluate the cost implication of each building component and to make decisions concerning quantity and quality that meet the original budget estimate. Another way to compare and evaluate alternative construction components is matrix costing, a technique in which a matrix is drawn with various alternatives and the individual elements that combine to make up the total cost of the alternatives.

Answer 143

a) live load ## Footnote Live loads include the loads of people, furniture, snow, and other moving equipment. However dead loads can also include permanent mechanical (moving) equipment also. Interior designers should consult with structural engineers to determine if appropriate support exists for heavy and moving furniture or equipment.

Answer 144

d) a sales agreement ## Footnote The client must sign the sales agreement, which obligates the client to pay for the purchase of merchandise. The other documents are then handled by the interior designer, dealership, or others.

Answer 145

a) Uniform Commercial Code ## Footnote The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) assigns risks by allowing the factory and vendor to use “F.O.B. factory” or “F.O.B. destination” to determine at what point title is transferred and who is at risk for shipping damage.

Answer 146

a) installation ## Footnote Although the two terms may seem like the same thing, in reality they are not. Delivery means taking the tangible goods to the job site and placing them in their correct location. Installation means that some additional services are involved in the delivery process, such as assembly or construction of the products. An area rug is delivered to the site and placed where the interior designer has specified. Wall to wall carpet must be installed to complete the job.

Answer 147

a) 54”/1372 mm high fabric wrapped panels with a hollow core of fiberglass ## Footnote The correct answer is a 54”/1372 mm high fabric wrapped panels with a hollow core of fiberglass. Panels can use an inner septum or a masonite or metal sheet barrier to reflect sound. Acoustical panels help to absorb ambient sound and block sound transmission between workstations. A hollow inner core between outer panel materials is covered with one to two inches of fiberglass as a sound absorber.

Answer 148

b) Recommend that you client purchase the appliances and arrange for their own delivery and installation ## Footnote Having the GC purchase is a consideration; however, if the contractor purchases and installs the appliances they would purchase the items at wholesale cost and charge the client a retail price in addition to adding a percentage markup for overhead and profit. Since your client is on a tight budget, the best way for the client avoid additional costs is by arranging for delivery and installation themselves.

QP - PX Flashcards

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